The document discusses the development of active and passive human models for pre-crash and crash scenarios. It reviews biomechanical human modeling and injury criteria focusing on multi-body models and motorcyclist injuries. A 2D multibody model was implemented in MATLAB and a 3D model of a 50th percentile male with 15 rigid bodies and passive joints was developed. A pedestrian crash simulation was conducted validating the model's head and thorax impact responses against injury metrics.

1. active and passive human model for
pre and crash scenarios
Pedro Talaia, ESR2, MYMOSA
University of West Bohemia
Czech Republic

2. STATE OF ART
• Review on biomechanical human body modeling with special
focus on multi-body models
– Dedicated software
– Software suites
– Code development
• Review on impact biomechanics and injury criteria with
special focus on motorcyclist
– Types of injuries
– Injuries by human body section
• Anatomy
• Injury and associated mechanisms
• Injury criteria

3. STATE OF ART
• Stage at LMS
• Virtual.Lab Motion
• Modelling
• Controlling
• Course in accident reconstruction, DEKRA
• Characteristics of body’s member
segments
• Body parts
• Movements
• Virtual.Lab Motion
• Model validation

4. T
eq
dq
    
     
    
QM C q
QC 0 λ
2D MODEL
• Mathematical formulation
– Time domain
– Cartesian coordinates
– Passive joints
• Spring
• Dampers
– Rigid bodies
– Perfect joints
• 9 revolute
• 1 prismatic
– Baumgarte’s stabilization method
• Constraint violation
• The constant distance between two
points can cease and the points
move away from their initial position
– New definition of constrains
derivative
– Constant parameters with arbitrary
values
i i j j
   R r R r 0
0i j
c   
1
2
1 2 1 2
0
i i i j i j
p p
i i i j
p
x y y xp p p p
      

   

   
p R A u R A u
p R A u R
   2 ,d q qq
t          Q C q q C q C q

5. 2D MODEL
• Code implementation
• MATLAB (2007a)
• Integration function ode113
• Step time of 2 ms
• Relative error of 1E-4
• Absolute error of 1E-6

6. Models

7. 3D HUMAN BODY MODEL
• Body entity (CAD)
• General coordinates (axis)
• Center of Mass axis
• Joint axis
• (skin, lines, etc.)
• Body definition (CAE)
• Body entity
• Center of Mass definition
• Mass and Inertia definition
• (sensors, contacts, etc.)
• Joint definition
• All revolute (Spherical by 3 revolute)
• Passive stiffness (parametric)
• Output parameters computation
• From the sensors
• Controls (IO)

8. Models
• Model developed
– 50th percentile male
– 15 bodies
– 10 spherical joints (3 revolute composed)
– 4 revolute joints
– Passive joints (spring and damper)
– Skin contact
– Hemet pre-defined (for PTW proposes)
– Full parametric

9. Methodology
Crash databases
ISO configurations
Pre-crash simulation
FEM simulation
MB simulation

10. Pedestrian example
• Vehicle
– Van
– braking 0.8g
– 28kph
• Pedestrian
– 50th percentile male
– stand ahead
– no-aware

11. Pedestrian example

12. Pedestrian example

13. Pedestrian example
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0
-1000
-800
-600
-400
-200
Aerialview[mm]
-10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
Lateralview[mm]
Displacment [mm]

14. Pedestrian example
Measured Simulated Deviation (%)
HIC15 16 698 15 017 -10.1
HIC36 7 366 7 718 4.8
ThAC* 1 135 2872 153.0

15. Head Impact

16. Head impact

17. Thorax impact

18. Thorax impact

19. Thorax impact

20. Conclusions
• 2D Multibody model implemented
• 3D Multibody model implemented
– 50th percentile male
– Anthropometric data from literature
– Contact validation
– Other parameters accessed
• A crash involving a pedestrian was simulated
• Injuries have been accessed in the first impact

21. active and passive human model for
pre and crash scenarios
Pedro Talaia, ESR2, MYMOSA
University of West Bohemia
Czech Republic