http://lifeinmotion.co.in/
Dr. NEERAJ AGGARWAL
MBBS –SMS Medical College, 1999
MS – SMS Medical College, 2003
Senior Residency KEM Mumbai 2004
Fellowship in Joint Replacement Depuy Fellow, Mumbai 2005
Fellowship Joint Replacement Surgery Germany,
Ranawat Adult Reconstruction Fellow, New York
Areas of Specialization:
* Primary Joint Replacement surgery Knee, Hip, Shoulder
* Revision Joint Replacement Hip, Knee
* PSI for Joint Replacement
* Difficult Intra Articular Fractures
* Osteotomies for Arthritis management
* Head salvage surgeries for AVN Hip
Work Experience:
* 2006-2011 Consultant at Monilek Hospital and Tagore Hospital
* Having done more than 7000 major Trauma surgeries
* 1000 Joint Replacement Surgeries
* At present, he is only and Sr. Joint Replacement Surgern at Narayana Multispecility Hospital, Jaipur
Awards:
* Various Awards by various social groups and clubs.
* Gold Medalist in MBBS and topper in diff pre PG Examinations.
Achievements:
* Arthritis awareness CME’s in more than 15 districts of Rajasthan.
* One of the Pioneers of Joint Replacement Surgeries in Rajasthan.
2. Objectives of today’s discussion
• Discuss the prevalence of degenerative Knee
Osteoarthritis (OA)
• Understand and discuss different approaches to treat
Knee OA
• Discuss the Indications, Priority and Clinical outcomes
of Knee Replacement
3.
• The knee joint is protected
in front by the patella
• Meniscus - acts as a shock
absorber
• Articular cartilage allows
the surfaces of the knee
to glide over each other
without damaging the
surface
Anatomy of Knee
4.
5. Prevalence of Knee Pain
(Croft et al, 1998)
7,500• Knee pain, some disability & X-ray OA
12,500• Knee pain with some disability
25,000• 4 weeks of knee pain in past year
• Knee pain, severe disability & X-ray OA
2,000
100,000• Subjects aged 55 years+
2%
6. • About 7 crore Indians are suffering from knee related
problems
• Evidence suggests that women have a higher incidence
of OA than men, and overall have an incidence of 2.95
per 1000 population, compared with 1.71 per 1000
population in men
Prevalence of Knee OA
7. Why is this problem more prevalent in
India
• Squatting / Ground sitting habits
• Climbing stairs
• Indian Toilets
• Obesity
• Complicated patients
• Heredity
Can we prevent Osteoarthritis
8. Symptoms
• Pain in and around the Knee joint
• Morning Stiffness (worse on standing &
attempting to walk)
• Swelling of Joint
• Occasional night pain
Characteristics of Knee OA
The symptoms of OA may interfere with normal
activities, such as walking, dressing and sleep
9. Characteristics of Knee OA
Signs
• Crepitus on motion
• Buckling or instability
• Tenderness on pressure
• Joint effusion
• Malalignment / Joint deformity
13. Education
• Education of Patients
– helps in reducing impact of condition on their
day-to-day lives
• Advice about lifestyle
• Impact vs. Non impact activities
15. Physical and Mechanical Interventions
• Heat and Cold applications
– to reduce inflammation
• Walking aids
– reduce the loading on the knee while walking
• Shoe alterations
– help the patient get their footwear right
– Knee braces
16. Physiotherapy
• Physiotherapy aims to restore function to
the maximum degree possible – through
exercises
– helps reduce pain
– increases joint range of movement
– improves muscles strength
– addresses specific restrictions in activities
• Exercises:
- Static Quadriceps Exercises
- Quadriceps Building Exercises
- Hamstring Building Exercises
- Isokinetic Exercises for knee joint
- Progressive resistance Exercises
17. PRECAUTIONSPRECAUTIONS
• Take rest in between if it is needed
• No squatting on floor
• No cross legged sitting (Alathi – Palathi)
on floor
• Reduce climbing stairs
• Cycling is good
• Swimming Mother of all exercises
24. How do we know that the
patient needs surgery ?
• Regular pain needing medication
• Deformity of the knee, crepitus in knee
• Night pain, getting up pain
• Altered social or family life due to pain
26. • FIVE LAKH IS THE NUMBER OF KNEE
REPLACEMENT SURGRIES DONE IN USA IN
2008
• IN INDIA THE CORRESPONDING NUMBER IS
35000 IN 2008
• WITH ALL OUR MANFORCE WE ARE ABLE
TO TACKLE ONLY 3% OF TOTAL ARTHRITIS
PATIENTS
• WHERE ARE WE ???????
29. Total Knee Replacement
• The ultimate solution for OA of knee is to replace the
worn-out parts of the knee with an artificial joint
• The prosthesis that is used is made up of plastic and
metal and is placed on the joint surface of each bone
• This surgery has been widely used for many years with
excellent results especially for knees
40. Common Post-Operative (TKR) Course
• Day 1 Standing, bending and sitting out in a chair
May take a few steps with help
• Day 2 Walking (with aids)
• Day 4/5 Stair climbing
• Day 5-7 Home (with 2 walking sticks)
• Week 6 Walking unaided (or 1 stick)
Driving
• Week 10-12 Full recovery
41. Benefits of TKR
• TKR can relieve pain that doesn't respond to other
treatment options
• Pain reduction in 90 to 95% of the patients
• Reduced stiffness and improved joint movement
• Increased walking ability
• Improved alignment of deformed joints
42. Myths
• Hip replacement works but knee replacement doesn’t
• Knee replacements are still experimental
• Knee replacements only last 8-10 years may be 15 years
maximum
• I am too fat - my implants might break
43. • TKR surgery is too costly
• TKR is not successful
• After TKR, I have to be bedridden for 3 months
• A total knee replacement implies that everything about the
joint is being replaced
Myths
45. Summary
• Knee OA, which has not responded to conservative treatment
can be effectively treated by various surgical interventions
• Effective grading of patients, counceling and management
serves as a tool to combat osteoarthritis
• Knee replacement surgery is a highly successful
(90-95%) and safe procedure
• Prioritising and effective screening by GPs can identify those
individuals that are likely to benefit from TKR
46. Future ………
• Robotics
• Custom Implants and Instruments
• Stem cell therapy
Appreciate your attentionAppreciate your attention
Editor's Notes
Slide 35
Synovial fluid in the pathologic joint does not have the same elastic and viscous properties as SF of the healthy joint. Therefore, the lubricating and shock absorbing effects of hyaluronan in the joint space and intercellular matrix are diminished.1
Current OA treatment focuses on decreasing pain with analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs. Viscosupplementation improves the physiological environment in the osteoarthritic joint by reestablishing shock absorption and lubrication to the cartilage and soft tissues that it bathes and permeates. Thus, it directly addresses the tissues that are the source of the OA pain.1,2
Viscosupplementation improves the elastoviscous environment of the collagen fibrous network, the cells, and the nociceptors.1
1Balazs EA, Denlinger JL. Viscosupplementation: a new concept in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
J Rheumatol. 1993;20(suppl 39):3-9.
2Wobig M, Dickhut A, Maier R, Vetter G. Viscosupplementation with Hylan G-F 20: a 26-week controlled
trial of efficacy and safety in the osteoarthritic knee. Clin Ther. 1998;20:410-423.