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Селен(Se)химический элемент VI группы периодической системы Менделеева. Хрупкий блестящий на изломе неметалл чёрного цвета. Элемент открыт в 1817 И. Берцелиусом  ,[object Object]
Атомная масса 78, 96
Радиус атома 140 пм
Энергия ионизации 940,4 (9,75) кДж/моль
Ковалентный радиус 116 пм
Плотность 4,79 г/см³

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Селен(Se)

  • 1.
  • 10.
  • 11. Применение Одним из важнейших направлений его технологии, добычи, и потребления являются полупроводниковые свойства как самого селена, так и его многочисленных соединений , их сплавов с другими элементами, в которых селен стал играть ключевую роль. Эта роль селена постоянно растёт, растёт спрос и цены. Цены на селен растут из года в год и в настоящее время колеблются около 120 долларов за 1 кг. (Стабильный изотоп Селен-74 цена на 1 мая 2010 г. около 600$ за 1 грамм). В современной технологии полупроводников применяются селениды многих элементов, например селениды олова, свинца, висмута, сурьмы, селениды лантаноидов. Особенно важны свойства фотоэлектрические и термоэлектрические как самого селена, так и селенидов. Стабильный изотоп селен-74 позволил на своей основе создать плазменный лазер с колоссальным усилением в ультрафиолетовой области. Радиоактивный изотоп селен-75 используется в качестве мощного источника гамма-излучения для дефектоскопии. В медицине, а также в сельском хозяйстве используют микродобавки селена к лекарственным средствам, витаминным препаратам, БАД, и т. п.
  • 12. Изотопы В природе существует 6 изотопов селена (74Se, 76Se, 77Se, 78Se, 80Se и 82Se), из них пять, насколько это известно, стабильны, а один (82Se) испытывает двойной бета-распад с периодом полураспада 9,7×1019 лет. Кроме того, искусственно созданы ещё 24 радиоактивных изотопа (а также 9 метастабильных возбуждённых состояний) в диапазоне массовых чисел от 65 до 94. Периоды полураспада некоторых радиоактивных изотопов: 73Se - 7,1 час. 75Se - 120,4 сут. 77mSe - 17,5 сек. 79Se - 6,5·104 лет 79mSe - 3,91 мин. 81Se - 18,6 мин. 81mSe - 62 мин. 83mSe - 69 сек. 83Se - 25 мин.
  • 13. Получение Значительные количества селена получают из шлама медно-электролитных производств, в котором селен присутствует в виде селенида серебра. Применяют несколько способов получения: окислительный обжиг с возгонкой SeO2; нагревание шлама с концентрированной серной кислотой, окисление соединений селена до SeO2 с его последующей возгонкой; окислительное спекание с содой, конверсия полученной смеси соединений селена до соединений Se(IV) и их восстановление до элементарного селена действием SO2.