4. 電子貨幣
• 発行者に依存するもの:集中型
• David Chaum. Blind signatures for untraceable payments. In Crypto, volume
82, page 199203, 1982.
• Ronald L Rivest. Electronic lottery tickets as micropayments. In Financial
Cryptography, pages 307–314. Springer, 1997.
• Beverly Yang and Hector Garcia-Molina. Ppay: micropayments for peer-to-
peer systems. In Proc. of Computer and communications security.
• 使用者間の貸借関係によるもの
• Ryan Fugger. Money as ious in social trust networks & a proposal for a
decentralized currency network protocol. 2004.
34. • proof of effort
• proof of work
• Bitcoin, Litecoin, etc
• 特定の値以下のハッシュ値を有する解を計算させることで、取引を有効にする。
• proof of validity
• proof of inclusion
• proof of stake
• Peercoin, Nxt, etc
• proof of burn
• Counterparty
• Proof of transaction
• Fluttercoin
• proof of excellence
• proof of bandwidth
• proof of identification
• proof of publication
35. 関連論文
• [1] Information Propagation in the Bitcoin Network, Christian Decker @ ETH Zurich, Switzerland, Roger
Wattenhofer @ Microsoft Research
• An Analysis of Anonymity in the Bitcoin System
• Quantitative Analysis of the Full Bitcoin
• Transaction Graph
• Beware the Middleman:
• Empirical Analysis of Bitcoin-Exchange Risk
• Evaluating User Privacy in Bitcoin
• Bitter to Better—How to Make Bitcoin a Better Currency
36. 関連論文
• “Bitcoin: A First Legal Analysis – with reference to German and US-American law” By Franziska Boehm, Paulina Pesch, Institute for Information-,
Telecommunication-, and Media Law, Muenster, Germany
• “The Bitcoin P2P network” By Joan Antoni Donet Donet, Cristina Pérez-Solà, and Jordi Herrera-Joancomartí, Dept. d’Enginyeria de la Informació i les
Comunicacions Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.
• “Empirical Analysis of Denial-of-Service Attacks in the Bitcoin Ecosystem” By Marie Vasek, Micah Thornton, and Tyler Moore, Computer Science and
Engineering Department Southern Methodist University, TX, USA.
• “How Did Dread Pirate Roberts Acquire and Protect His Bitcoin Wealth?” By Dorit Ron and Adi Shamir, Department of Computer Science and Applied
Mathematics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel.
• “Fair Two-Party Computations via Bitcoin Deposits” By Marcin Andrychowicz, Stefan Dziembowski, Daniel Malinowski and Łukasz Mazurek, University
of Warsaw, Poland.
• “Increasing Anonymity in Bitcoin” By Amitabh Saxena and Janardan Misra, Accenture Technology Labs, Bangalore 560066, India and Aritra Dhar,
Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi, India.
• “Game-Theoretic Analysis of DDoS Attacks Against Bitcoin Mining Pools” By Benjamin Johnson, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Aron Laszka,
Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary; Jens Grossklags, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA; Marie Vasek
and Tyler Moore, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
• “Towards Risk Scoring of Bitcoin Transactions” By Malte Möser, Rainer Böhme, and Dominic Breuker, Department of Information Systems, University
of Münster, Germany.
• “Rational Zero: Economic Security for Zerocoin with Everlasting Anonymity” By Christina Garman, Matthew Green, Ian Miers, and Aviel D. Rubin, The
Johns Hopkins University Department of Computer Science, MD, USA.
• “Challenges and Opportunities Associated with a Bitcoin-based Transaction Rating System” By David Vandervort, Xerox.