5. • Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring
flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture
of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights
and other liquid organic compounds, that are
found in geologic formations beneath
the Earth's surface.
• Coal is a combustible black or brownish-
black sedimentary rock. Coal is composed
primarily of carbon along with
Hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. It is
primarily burned for the production of electricity
and heat.
6. • Fractional distillation is the
separation of a mixture of
multiple components into
its various fractions
according to the difference
in their boiling temperatures.
• Various products from
petroleum are obtained
by fractional distillation
of petroleum.
10. • Organisms die, decay and get accumulated at
the bottom of the earth. In course of time, sand
and clay deposit over these decompositions.
Over a period of millions of years, a thick layer
gets formed compressing the organic material.
• Under conditions of high pressure and
temperature, this organic material, over millions
of years, got converted into petroleum. Carbon
and hydrogen in the form of methane is present
in the gaseous form and present above the
petroleum called natural gas.