What are endospores How are these different from sporesSolutio.pdf

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What are endospores? How are these different from spores? Solution Answer: Endospores are tough, dormant, non-reproductive structure produced by some bacteria, example Clostridium. The endospores are resistant to UV radiation and extreme conditions such as high and freezing temperatures. They have special coat properties which makes them resistant to harsh environments. Their spore layers include: exosporium, spore coat, spore cortex and core wall. They can form under starving conditions, i.e, lack of nutrients by a process called sporulation. Spore on the other hand is a an active reproductive structure produced by plants or fungi as compared to endospores which are produced by bacteria and are non reproductive, dormant structures..

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how do cells transport small , non polar, hydrophobic molecules, suc.pdf

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far Fie Edit View History Bookmarks Window Help roedopencampus blackboard com Remaining Time: 1 hour, 03 minutes, 42 seconds. Question Completion Status: An archaeological site is afood remains that were not made or modified by humans,such as butchered bones orbumed seeds. Ob an object made or modfied by hominds, such as a stone tool. Ocalocation with evidence of past human activity marked by, for example, tools, hearths or structures Oda person who excavates and studes pasthuman mmains QUESTION 6 Which of the following is NOT true? Neanderthals and other early Homo sapiens used Mousteriantool technology b The Neanderthals and other archaic Homo sapiens are associated with the frst clear evidence of burial of the dead and other rituals. c The handare and other bitaces of the Acheulan traditon are associated with Homo erectus Od Homo erectus is associated with earliest representational art in the form of cave paintings and Venus figurines. the QUESTION 7 Stone tools are made by to remove flakes. a striking a oore with a hammerstone sticing a fake wth a hammerstone meting certain types of rock over very high temperatures and then moldng them into shape Od cutting rocks into shape with a metal tool. QUESTION 8 Finds such as that of \"Lucy\" and the Laetoli footprints show that had a moist nose, or hinarium a the early australopithecines b the early australopithecines were bipedal, just as later hominins were. the early australopthecines were not bipeda, unike the later ones. d the early australopithecines were knuckle walkers. MacBook Air Solution Answer : 5 . c. An archeological site is a location with evidence past human activity, marked by for example tool, hearths or structures. 6 . d. 7. b 8 . b.

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Fiber opticsSolutionSONET STS 12Synchronous Transport Sig.pdf

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Explain the following ASM code in detail, giving the reasons for the status of flags (CZNV) after every instruction is executed. Initialize: R_1 = 0 times FFFFFFF0 (assume them as unsigned values) ADD r0, rl, r2; ADDS r0, rl, r2; ADDSCS r0, rl, r2; CMP r0, rl; ADD rl, #0 times 1 ADD r0, rl, r2; ADDS r0, rl, r2; ADDSCS r0, rl, r2; CMP r0, rl Solution #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define MAX_LINE 80 using namespace std; int main() { int should_run = 1; string s,s1,a; string arg[10]; char *arr[10]; while (should_run) { cout<< (\"ubos>\") ; cin>> s1; { istringstream f(s1); while (getline(f,s, \' \')) for(int i=0; i<10; i++) { arg[i] = s; arr[i] = (char*)arg[i].c_str(); //converting string to char arr[1] = NULL; } pid_t pid =fork(); int i; if(pid<0) { cout<<\"fork\"< 0 ) { wait(NULL); cout<<\"parent \" << pid<.

Explain the following ASM code in detail, giving the reasons for the .pdf

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Discuss the importance of top management commitment and the development of standards for successful project management. Provide examples to illustrate the importance of these items based on your experience on any type of project. Discuss the unique challenges that an IT project presents. Solution Top management commitment and the development of standards for successful project management are very essential for the success of information technology projects. 1) Top management helps project managers get adequate and skilled resources. 2) They approve unique project needs like stringent deadlines. 3) They provide support as mentors to project managers. example of some of the Standards used : CMM (Capability Maturity model) , HERMES (used in SWISS projects), PRINCE2 (Projects in Control Environment) Challenges in IT projects : 1) Poor communications between IT and the business clients due to language barrier. 2) Stringent deadlines : It includes all the phases requirement eliciation, project planning, design, testing and maintenance. 3) Unclear Expectations : There is often a gap between the requirements given and the expectation from the protype built. 4) Ambiguous Requirements : Some requirements are not clear and leads to confusion and extra work. 5) Project Budget : It depends on the resources required , tools and technologies used , team strength and other business requirements..

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Discrete Math Problem - Chinese Remainder Theorem: We recently discussed the Chinese remainder theorem, and we showed an algorithm for \"decoding\" the remainders of two distinct primes. For example, suppose we want to know which number between 0 and 34 has remainder 1 when divided by 5 and 2 when divided by 7. We begin by finding the Bezout theorem parameters that would allow multiples of 5 and 7 to add up to 1: 5*3 + 7*(-2) = 1 Then, we multiply our two desired remainders - here, 1 and 2 - by the two terms in our Bezout expression. The first remainder is multiplied into the second term, and the second remainder is multiplied into the first term: 5*3*2 + 7*(-2)*1 = 30 - 14 = 16 And now we can conclude (and check!) that 16 has remainder 1 when divided by 5 and remainder 2 when divided by 7. Here\'s the question: A Chinese general knows that his troops number somewhat above 1000, but otherwise isn\'t really sure of the number. He asks them to line up in rows of 11, and finds the final \"remainder\" row has 9 soldiers. He asks them to line up in rows of 13, and finds that the final \"remainder\" row has 1 soldier. He asks them to line up in rows of 17, and finds 14 soldiers in the final \"remainder\" row. How many soldiers are in his army? Solution 1340.

Discrete Math Problem - Chinese Remainder TheoremWe recently disc.pdf

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Describe the usage of technology by Fedex in all its sectors Solution FedEx Corporation is a US multinational courier delivery services company headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee. The name \"FedEx\" is a syllabic abbreviation of the name of the company\'s original air division, Federal Express, which was used from 1973 until 2000. The company is known for its overnight shipping service, but also for pioneering a system that could track packages and provide real-time updates on package location (to help in finding lost packages), a feature that has now been implemented by most other carrier services. FedEx Corporation is an import/export company, incorporated October 2, 1997 in Delaware. FDX Corporation was founded in January 1998 with the acquisition of Caliber System Inc. by Federal Express. With the purchase of Caliber, FedEx started offering other services besides express shipping. Caliber subsidiaries included RPS, a small-package ground service; Roberts Express, an expedited shipping provider; Viking Freight, a regional, less than truckload freight carrier serving the Western United States; Caribbean Transportation Services, a provider of airfreight forwarding between the United States and the Caribbean; and Caliber Logistics and Caliber Technology, providers of logistics and technology solutions. FDX Corporation was founded to oversee all of the operations of those companies and its original air division, Federal Express. FedEx is a proponent of e-commerce. They realize that through prosumption, having customers conduct their business online, they save the cost of additional employees and phone costs. Industry Analysis within the industry are two types of companies. There are combination carriers, which are primarily passenger airline companies that also carry cargo. And then there are all-cargo companies like Federal Express which only carry cargo, have fleets of planes, usually fly at night, have ground transportation, and personnel for door-to-door pick-up and delivery. The all cargo companies control 90% of the domestic cargo companies. Competition in the all cargo segment of the industry includes: UPS, DHL, Airborne Express and U.S. Postal Service. The entire industry delivers roughly 5.6 million packages each day. FedEx currently has a 45 “ 50 % market share and thus delivers 2.8 million packages each day. FedEx is organized into operating units, each of which has its own version of the wordmark designed in 1994 by Lindon Leader of Landor Associates, of San Francisco. The Fed is always purple and the Ex is in a different color for each division and platinum for the overall corporation use. The original FedEx logo had the Ex in orange; it is now used as the FedEx Express wordmark. The FedEx wordmark is notable for containing a subliminal right-pointing arrow in the negative space between the \"E\" and the \"X\", which was achieved by designing a proprietary font, based on Univers and Futura, to emphasize the arrow shape. In August.

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Dawn Burke, director of employee relations, glanced at her online calendar and remembered her appointment at 3:00 P.M. today. She quickly found the file labeled \"McCullen and Aranda\" and started preparing for the meeting. She recalled that this was essentially an employee-supervisor case, where the employee had been unwilling or unable to meet the supervisor\'s requests. The employee claimed that the supervisor was too demanding and impatient. Their conflict had escalated to the point that both were unhappy and uncomfortable in the work environment. Other employees had noticed, and overheard, some of the conflict. In her role, Dawn was responsible for many programs, including a new mediation initiative to resolve workplace conflict. The program was designed to help employees develop stronger communication and conflict resolution skills. In this case, the program was also providing an intermediary step between informal and formal discipline. Today, she was meeting with both parties to discuss mediation guidelines, a time line, their goal, and their general points of conflict. John McCullen, fifty-one, a buyer in the facilities department, and Terry Aranda, the director of facilities procurement, arrived separately. John had been with the company for thirty-two years and had started his career with the company right out of high school. Terry, thirty-one, was hired from another firm to oversee the procurement area a year ago and recently graduated from a prestigious MBA program. Dawn started the meeting by reviewing the mediation guidelines and time line. She reminded John and Terry that their goal was to develop a workable and agreeable solution to the current situation. Dawn then asked for each party to explain his or her position on the conflict. John began, \"Ms. Aranda is a very smart lady. She seems to know the buying and procurement area, but she knows less about the company and its history. I am not sure she has taken the time to learn our ways and values. Ms. Aranda is impatient with our use of the new software and computer system. Some of us don\'t have college degrees, and we haven\'t been using computers since we were young. I started working at this company about the time she was born, and I am not sure that her management style is good for our department. Everything was going pretty well until we starting changing our systems.\" Terry commented, \"John is a valuable member of the department, as he knows everyone at this company. I appreciate his knowledge and loyalty. On the other hand, he has not completed several tasks in a timely manner, nor has he asked for an extension. I feel that I must check up on his schedule and proof all of his work. John has attended several training classes, and I asked that he use an electronic calendar so that projects are completed on time. He continues to ignore my advice and deadlines We\'ve had several conversations, but John\'s work has not substantially improved. We have many goals to achieve.

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Choose 5 and Define: Malpighian tubules, hemolymph, exoskeleton, ampulla, endoskeleton. exoskeleton, spiracles, ecdysis (5 points) Solution malphigian tubule: a tubular excretory organ, numbers of which open into the gut. they are generally seen in some insects haemolymph : a fluid equivalent to blood in most invertebrates, occupying the haemocoel.it circulates in the interior of the arthropod body remaining in direct contact with the animal\'s tissues. It is composed of a fluid plasma in which hemolymph cells called hemocytes. exoskeleton : A hard, protective outer body covering of an animal, such as an insect, crustacean, or mollusk. The exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans are largely made of chitin. spiracles :an external respiratory opening, especially each of a number of pores on the body of an insect, or each of a pair of vestigial gill slits behind the eye of a cartilaginous fish. ecdysis :the process of shedding the old skin (in reptiles) or casting off the outer cuticle (in insects and other arthropods)..

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An urn contains 4 red balls and 6 green balls. Two balls are drawn one after another without replacement. Let A = event both balls are the same color and let B = event both balls are green. Calculate Pr(B|A) Solution There are 4C2 = 6 ways to get both red, and 6C2 = 15 ways to get both green. Thus, there are 6+15 = 21 ways to get same colored balls. Thus, P(B|A) = 15/21 = 5/7 or 0.714285714 [ANSWER].

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A Randstad/Harris interactive survey reported that 25% of employees said their company is loyal to them (USA Today, November 11, 2009). Suppose 10 employees are selected randomly and will be interviewed about company loyalty. Round your answers to four decimal places. What is the probability that at least two of the 10 employees will say their company is loyal to them? Solution P(X>=2) = 1 - [P(0) + P(1)] = 1 - [(0.75)^10 + 10C1*(0.25)*(0.75)^9] = 1 - 0.244 = 0.7560.

A RandstadHarris interactive survey reported that 25 of employees .pdf

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2.) a.) Are viruses that infect Archaea different from other bacterial viruses? Yes, they have only DNA genomes. b.) Of the following examples, which is not a common part of many viral life cycles? Once an adenovirus virion is inside a cell, host RNA polymerases transcribe early genes c.) Some viruses are associated with cancer. There are a variety of ways in which viruses may affect a cell in a way that may lead to cancer. Based on your knowledge of the life cycles of viruses and of molecular genetics, what is one way that this might happen? d.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the pathogenic version PrPSc?Yes, they do not have protein coats because of the extreme conditions where they live.No, they consist of nucleic acid and protein just like other bacterial viruses.Yes, the structure of archaeal viruses is always completely different from other bacterial viruses. Yes, they have only DNA genomes. b.) Of the following examples, which is not a common part of many viral life cycles?The pox virus genome is replicated by DNA polymerase.Adenoviruses attach to the cell and the nucleocapsid is taken up by the cell.Pox viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell. Once an adenovirus virion is inside a cell, host RNA polymerases transcribe early genes c.) Some viruses are associated with cancer. There are a variety of ways in which viruses may affect a cell in a way that may lead to cancer. Based on your knowledge of the life cycles of viruses and of molecular genetics, what is one way that this might happen?Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome close to the termination sequence, far downstream of the promoter, and causes a silent mutation.Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome in a repetitive noncoding region.Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome, placing a promoter in a new location and turning on a gene that had previously been turned off.Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome and causes a mutation in a promoter, turning off a gene that had previously been turned on. d.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the pathogenic version PrPSc?PrPC is just a protein and the PrPSc is a protein with nucleic acid inside.The PrPC protein contains more beta sheets while the PrPSc protein contains more alpha helices.The three-dimensional conformation is identical, but the amino acid sequence is different.The amino acid sequence is identical, but the three-dimensional conformation is different. Solution Archaea can be infected by double stranded DNA virus that are unrelated to any other form of virus and have variety unusual shapes. These are single stranded and double stranded DNA virus. Species of the Ligameneviral and the families Ampullaviridae, Biccaudaviridae and Clavaviridea, infects hyperthermophiic archaea species. These viruses have lipid bilayer coat inside the icosahedral protein coat, and some of the viru.

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1.What are STR advantages over RFLP and PMDQa? 2.list 3 examples of direct transfer of DNA 3.describe a commonly used method for optimally collecting cellular material from an evidence item 4.Describe the best way to package and store a dried bloodstain. 5.Define presumptive testing and confirmatory testing and give an example of each Solution Ques-1.What are STR advantages over RFLP and PMDQa? Answer: Molecular diagnostics and Forensics: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs): Forensic DNA fingerprinting is predominantly rely on the short tandem repeats (STRs) of DNA strand analysis of considerably 2 or more nucleotides for instance STRs (CA)n or (ACGT)n. In this “n” denoted as STRs of a finite numbers. These sequences of nucleic acids are unequal and different between individuals. STR analysis is easier and takes less time for genetic analysis to identify culprit than Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) in which takes months to analyze DNA using Restriction enzymes. RFLPs and PMDQa are costlier and not accurate measurements and takes longer to finish where collected biological samples may degrader. Short tandem repeats (STRs): Normally nucleic acids of any 2 humans often shows disparity by 1 in 1000 nitrogen bases and usually the remaining 99.9% possess the similar bases. A similarity further enables the sequencing of the “reference” individual genome pertinent to every one of us. Some of our nucleic acid regions possess higher disparity compared to other individuals. Thereby STRs are the meticulous nucleic acid variations observed between individuals when observed with molecular diagnostics or forensics. Que-2.list 3 examples of direct transfer of DNA Answer: 1. Electrophoration of DNA into the cells The direct transfer of DNA in the Agrobacterium-to-plant cell DNA transfer 2. DNA Microinjection: Direct injection of DNA into the living host cell suing glass pipettes (hollow needles) 2. Viral-mediated direct DNA transfer: The basic mechanism of this technique is transduction of re-engineered genes (DNA) through viral vectors to the host DNA. Retroviral (RNA), adenoviral (DNA), adeno-associated viral (DNA) vectors are being used in haemophilia treatment. 3. Non-viral mediated gene transfer: In this method, \"transfection of genetic material\" i.e., direct transfer of naked DNA packed in non-viral vectors into the host genome is practiced. The vectors contain therapeutic gene and other genes that are essential for encoding proteins involved in gene integration into the target cell genome. The target cells are expected to take the genome and synthesize the deficient clotting factors. Two types of transfecting the genes into the animal cells including chemical methods and non- chemical methods. Chemical based method is the cheapest one “transfection” can be done by using liposome or nanoparticle delivery, or using cyclodextrin polymers..

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Why is the endodermis essential in the root but not in the stem? In the summer of 1998, after extrely hot, dry weather, the Georgia corn harvest was expected to be reduced by at least 25%. Using your knowledge of the dual functions of guard cells relative to water retention and gasexchange, explain the reduction in photosynthetic productivity. Plant cells have cell walls and animal cells do not. How does this difference relate to differences in plant andanimal function? Table 20.2 – Structure and Function of Plant CellsCell TypeStructureFunctionPlant OrganEpidermisGuard CellsParenchymaCollenchymaSclerenchymaTracheidsVesselsSieve TubesEndodermisPrimary MeristemsVascular CambiumPericyclePeridermRay Parenchyma Solution Why is the endodermis essential in the root but not in the stem? Answer: The endodermis in the root prevents nutrients from leaving the plant structure and returning to the soil.The cells in the endodermis helps in water and nutrient retention by preventing nutrients from the xylem to diffuse back into the soil. The stem is not involved in absorption of water or nutrient hence doesn’t need endodermis..

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What type of pollinators like long tubular flowers? Solution Answer- Pollination is process of transfer of pollen grain from anther to stingma and pollinators are those which carry out the process or we can say the vector through which pollination occurs. The birds are more attracted towards tubular and bright coloured flowers.Even bees are attracted towards tubular flowers.The long and tubular flowers have often bright petals and flowers which attracts bees ,other insets and birds which come to collect nectar and further acts as a pollinator and tranfers pollens from anther to stigma of same plant or different plant of same species..

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When did satellite communication become viable, i.e. what timeframe (years +-) What are some of the restrictions in using Satellite communications? Does the mass of a satellite have any effect on its orbit? What is geostationary orbit? How is it described and what altitude above the earth are geostationary orbits? Extra Credit:Derive the Keller equations of motion and describe each step in your calculations Solution 1. First artificial sattelite launched by sovient union named sputnik 1 in 1957 but that was not used for communication.Later on first artifical sattelite ballon named echo 1 in 1960 launched which contained a passive reflector and used for communication.Then America launched a advanced project named project score in1960 and bring revolution to communication sysytem. 2. There are various limitation of sattellite communication .some of are as:- a) the main problem is with power to operate them at a distant,as now days solar enery has developed but yet there is limitd power available. b) receiver sensitivity-a lot of signal loss occur due to many reason like bad weather,interface,noise which effects the signal. c)signal by sattellite communication can be easilly traceable. d)availability-sometime receiver cannot find the sattellite transmitter and unable to receive signals. 3.No,mass of sattellite doent effect orbit of satteliite baecause as compared to earths mass mass of sattellite become negligible. 4.Geo stationary orbit is a geosynchronous orbit in the plane of earths equator with a radius of approx 42000km maesured from centre of earth.It has an orbital period of one sidereal day(23hrs 56 min 4 sec),thus it appers to be in same position as observed from eath. 5.A sattellite in geostationary orbit is approx at a height of 35000 km. 6. The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of the ellipse. T^2=KA^3 T=TIME PERIOD OF ORBIT A=SEMI MAJOR AXIS OF ELLIPSE.

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