11. Size (stack trace)
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431204 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/Code/_all/lale/app/models/user.rb:60:in `name'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431275 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/Code/_all/lale/app/views/files/_list.slim:25:in `block in _app_views_files__list_slim___261366778297433219_70263351087480'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431342 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/Code/_all/lale/app/views/files/_list.slim:18:in `each'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431422 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/Code/_all/lale/app/views/files/_list.slim:18:in `_app_views_files__list_slim___261366778297433219_70263351087480'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431499 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:145:in `block in render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431571 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431641 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:333:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431707 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:143:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431772 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:339:in `render_partial'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431833 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:310:in `block in render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431893 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:39:in `block in instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.431954 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `block in instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432021 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432086 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432147 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:39:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432207 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:309:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432268 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:47:in `render_partial'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432329 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/helpers/rendering_helper.rb:35:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432397 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/Code/_all/lale/app/views/dashboards/_resources.slim:35:in `_app_views_dashboards__resources_slim___579668583005552750_70263385315780'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432469 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:145:in `block in render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432532 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432608 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:333:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432679 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:143:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432757 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:339:in `render_partial'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432823 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:310:in `block in render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432906 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:39:in `block in instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.432975 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `block in instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433045 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433122 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433186 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:39:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433247 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/partial_renderer.rb:309:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433318 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:47:in `render_partial'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433402 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/helpers/rendering_helper.rb:35:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433473 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/Code/_all/lale/app/views/circles/show.slim:16:in `_app_views_circles_show_slim__1918807562146475508_70263361984140'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433538 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:145:in `block in render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433610 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433682 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:333:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433745 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/template.rb:143:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433812 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:54:in `block (2 levels) in render_template'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433878 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:39:in `block in instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.433946 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `block in instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434025 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434100 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434174 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/abstract_renderer.rb:39:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434245 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:53:in `block in render_template'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434330 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:61:in `render_with_layout'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434395 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:52:in `render_template'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434456 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/template_renderer.rb:14:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434530 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:42:in `render_template'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434606 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/renderer/renderer.rb:23:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434664 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/rendering.rb:100:in `_render_template'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434726 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/streaming.rb:217:in `_render_template'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434784 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/rendering.rb:83:in `render_to_body'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434845 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:32:in `render_to_body'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434903 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/renderers.rb:37:in `render_to_body'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.434965 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/abstract_controller/rendering.rb:25:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435037 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:16:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435101 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:44:in `block (2 levels) in render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435165 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:12:in `block in ms'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435237 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/benchmark.rb:303:in `realtime'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435295 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/core_ext/benchmark.rb:12:in `ms'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435355 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:44:in `block in render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435651 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:87:in `cleanup_view_runtime'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435708 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activerecord-4.2.4/lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:25:in `cleanup_view_runtime'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435770 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:43:in `render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435836 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:10:in `default_render'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435899 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/implicit_render.rb:5:in `send_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.435972 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:198:in `process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436037 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/rendering.rb:10:in `process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436096 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:20:in `block in process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436157 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:117:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436215 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:117:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436276 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:555:in `block (2 levels) in compile'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436340 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:505:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436399 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:505:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436463 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:498:in `block (2 levels) in around'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436518 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:298:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436573 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:298:in `block in halting_and_conditional'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436633 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:497:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436701 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:497:in `block in around'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436770 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:505:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436834 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:505:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436892 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:92:in `__run_callbacks__'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.436947 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_process_action_callbacks'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437008 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437072 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/abstract_controller/callbacks.rb:19:in `process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437136 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/rescue.rb:29:in `process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437194 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:32:in `block in process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437249 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `block in instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437314 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications/instrumenter.rb:20:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437375 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:164:in `instrument'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437440 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/instrumentation.rb:30:in `process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437497 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/params_wrapper.rb:250:in `process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437559 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activerecord-4.2.4/lib/active_record/railties/controller_runtime.rb:18:in `process_action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437616 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/abstract_controller/base.rb:137:in `process'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437677 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionview-4.2.4/lib/action_view/rendering.rb:30:in `process'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437735 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:196:in `dispatch'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437838 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal/rack_delegation.rb:13:in `dispatch'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437903 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_controller/metal.rb:237:in `block in action'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.437967 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:76:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438025 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:76:in `dispatch'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438088 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:45:in `serve'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438150 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:43:in `block in serve'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438208 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:30:in `each'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438273 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/journey/router.rb:30:in `serve'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438331 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:821:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438392 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/omniauth-1.2.2/lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:404:in `call_app!'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438456 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/omniauth-identity-1.1.1/lib/omniauth/strategies/identity.rb:43:in `other_phase'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438520 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/omniauth-1.2.2/lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:185:in `call!'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438584 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/omniauth-1.2.2/lib/omniauth/strategy.rb:164:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438657 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/omniauth-1.2.2/lib/omniauth/builder.rb:59:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438722 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/http_accept_language-2.0.5/lib/http_accept_language/middleware.rb:14:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438786 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/etag.rb:24:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438842 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/conditionalget.rb:25:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438902 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/head.rb:13:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.438960 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:27:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439023 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:260:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439079 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activerecord-4.2.4/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:36:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439139 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activerecord-4.2.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:653:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439203 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:29:in `block in call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439268 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:88:in `__run_callbacks__'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439514 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:778:in `_run_call_callbacks'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439581 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439644 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439715 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:78:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439778 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rollbar-2.12.0/lib/rollbar/middleware/rails/rollbar.rb:24:in `block in call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439843 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rollbar-2.12.0/lib/rollbar.rb:735:in `scoped'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439907 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rollbar-2.12.0/lib/rollbar/middleware/rails/rollbar.rb:22:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.439973 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:17:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440035 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rollbar-2.12.0/lib/rollbar/middleware/rails/show_exceptions.rb:22:in `call_with_rollbar'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440105 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:30:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440165 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:38:in `call_app'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440227 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:20:in `block in call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440290 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `block in tagged'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440354 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440419 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `tagged'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440482 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:20:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440546 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:225:in `context'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440615 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:220:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440673 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:560:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440741 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:21:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440805 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:22:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440863 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/runtime.rb:18:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440924 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/lock.rb:17:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.440990 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/actionpack-4.2.4/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:116:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441060 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/sendfile.rb:113:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441124 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/engine.rb:518:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441188 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/railties-4.2.4/lib/rails/application.rb:165:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441259 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:66:in `block in call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441325 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:50:in `each'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441389 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/rack-1.6.4/lib/rack/urlmap.rb:50:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441447 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/capybara-2.6.2/lib/capybara/server.rb:19:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441502 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/unicorn-5.1.0/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:562:in `process_client'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441557 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/unicorn-5.1.0/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:658:in `worker_loop'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441626 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/unicorn-5.1.0/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:508:in `spawn_missing_workers'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441688 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/unicorn-5.1.0/lib/unicorn/http_server.rb:132:in `start'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441761 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/bundler/gems/rbsavvy_commons-ba9044e1bafd/lib/rack/handler/unicorn.rb:33:in `run'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441820 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/Code/_all/lale/spec/support/capybara.rb:28:in `block in <top (required)>'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441879 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/capybara-2.6.2/lib/capybara/server.rb:70:in `call'
E, [2016-10-10T22:17:56.441934 #14091] ERROR -- : /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/capybara-2.6.2/lib/capybara/server.rb:70:in `block in boot'
feature spec fail:
160 lines
3 threads/
processes
1. test runner
2. browser
3. Rails app
# ./app/models/user.rb:60:in `name'
# ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:14:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:55:in `block (4 levels) in <top (required)>'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/database_cleaner-1.5.1/lib/database_cleaner/generic/base.rb:16:in `cleaning'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/database_cleaner-1.5.1/lib/database_cleaner/base.rb:92:in `cleaning'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/database_cleaner-1.5.1/lib/database_cleaner/configuration.rb:86:in `block (2 levels) in cleaning'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/database_cleaner-1.5.1/lib/database_cleaner/configuration.rb:87:in `call'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/database_cleaner-1.5.1/lib/database_cleaner/configuration.rb:87:in `cleaning'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:54:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `block in tagged'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:26:in `tagged'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.4/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:68:in `tagged'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:50:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:41:in `block (3 levels) in <top (required)>'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/vcr-2.9.3/lib/vcr/util/variable_args_block_caller.rb:9:in `call'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/vcr-2.9.3/lib/vcr/util/variable_args_block_caller.rb:9:in `call_block'
# /Users/phillip/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/vcr-2.9.3/lib/vcr.rb:182:in `use_cassette'
# ./spec/rails_helper.rb:40:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
# ./spec/support/cached_emails.rb:29:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'
unit test fail:
13 lines
1 process
12. Avg. runtime [one test; ms]
unit test
feature spec
0 250 500 750 1000
13. Value (feature spec)
❖ Only way to automatically ensure your application
works for real users, since they use the application
through the web browser, like real users.
❖ low coupling to the actual source code (black box test).
This enables large refactorings. Rails version upgrade
without tests, anyone?
❖ serve as application specification if written correctly.
17. The »old« way
❖ several factories in each spec to set up test data
❖ CSS selectors inline in spec
❖ global, custom helper methods (#fill_form, anyone?)
❖ some custom RSpec matchers
❖ one assertion per test (being a good TDD citizen)
❖ many tests in one spec file
❖ sleep …
18. Pain points
❖ maintainability:
duplication of CSS selectors, test setup
no order to test files & helper code
❖ test stability: test sometimes fails even though feature OK
❖ runtime: test suite takes a long time to complete
❖ => slow to write, hard to debug & maintain
21. »Object graph« factories
❖ one-liner to create all test data
❖ reusable across specs
❖ DRY
❖ reliable (if tested)
❖ uses regular factory_girl features
25. Factory tests
describe "the :with_admin_and_working_group trait" do
it "assigns a new user as admin" do
circle = create(:circle, :with_admin_and_working_group)
expect(circle.admins.size).to eq(1)
expect(circle.admins.first).to be_a(User)
end
[...]
end
26. Implementation
factory :circle do
trait :with_admin_and_working_group do
with_admin
after(:create) do |circle, evaluator|
create(:working_group, circle: circle, member: circle.admin)
end
end
[...]
end
27. More examples
# combining traits
create(:circle, :with_admin, :with_volunteer)
# passing in a user for more control
create(:circle, admin: my_user)
# project with two tasks
create(:project, tasks: 2)
29. Definition
»A page object wraps an HTML page, or fragment,
with an application-specific API, allowing you to
manipulate page elements without digging around
in the HTML.«
Martin Fowler
http://martinfowler.com/bliki/PageObject.html
31. Rspec predicate matchers
expect(task_form).to have_validation_error("Please enter a name")
# calls: task_form.has_validation_error?("Please enter a name")
expect(task_page).to be_completed
# calls: task_page.completed?
Documentation: https://goo.gl/znGT6
32. SitePrism: element
class TaskPage < SitePrism::Page
element :volunteer_button, '.button-primary', text: "I'll help"
end
task_page = TaskPage.new
task_page.volunteer_button.click
task_page.has_volunteer_button?
task_page.wait_for_volunteer_button
task_page.wait_for_volunteer_button(10)
33. SitePrism: section
class WorkingGroupDashboard < SitePrism::Page
section :tab_nav, TabNav, '.tab-nav'
end
class TabNav < SitePrism::Section
element :tasks, 'a', text: /Tasks/
element :supplies, 'a', text: /Supplies/
end
page = WorkingGroupDashboard.new
page.tab_nav.tasks.click
=> section is scoped to parent
34. more SitePrism features
❖ element & section collections
❖ page navigation & verification (matching URLs)
❖ https://github.com/natritmeyer/site_prism
35. SitePrism summary
❖ correspond to your application’s pages
❖ DRY up and encapsulate your CSS selectors
❖ hold your helper methods
❖ perfect to reuse
38. Organizing specs (2)
describe "Add and remove circle admins" do
describe "add" do
context "circle has a member that's not admin yet" do
it "can be added" ...
end
end
describe "remove" do
context "circle has a member that's not admin yet" do
it "can be removed" ...
end
end
end
40. Tools for speed & debugging
# create a screenshot
save_and_open_page # shorten to #show!
# open a console in the scope of the HTML page
Capybara.pry
# run some JS code in the scope of the page
evaluate_script(’some js code’)
41. Tools for speed & debugging (2)
❖ spring gem
❖ poltergeist gem, uses PhantomJS (headless Webkit)
❖ capybara-screenshot gem
❖ browser developer console => test CSS selectors
❖ parallelize (at your own risk, can increase timing issues)
48. describe CalendarLeafCell, type: :cell do
include RSpecHtmlMatchers
let(:date) { Date.parse("2016-12-24") }
let(:html) { cell(:calendar_leaf, date).call }
it "renders month" do
expect(html).to have_tag('.calendar-leaf .month', text: 'DEC')
end
it "renders week" do
expect(html).to have_tag('.calendar-leaf .day_number', text: '24')
end
it "renders weekday" do
expect(html).to have_tag('.calendar-leaf .day-of-week', text: 'Sat')
end
end
49. class CalendarLeafCell < ::ViewModel
def month
I18n.l(date, format: "%b").upcase
end
def day
date.day
end
def week
I18n.l(date, format: '%a')
end
end
# app/cells/calendar_leaf/show.slim
.calendar-leaf *attributes
.month = month
.day
span.day_number = day
span.day-of-week = week
https://github.com/apotonick/cells
53. Questions to ask
❖ what is the system under test?
❖ which features do I care most about? (login, registration,
payment)
❖ which scenarios are most important? (»happy path«)
❖ what is likely to break?
54. Take shortcuts
❖ Stub APIs (vcr gem)
❖ login »backdoor«
❖ don’t navigate to pages
❖ don’t assert every detail of a page
❖ a hackish test is always better than no test at all
61. Who needs Lale?
120+ refugees in 2016
3 camps
10+ wokring groups,
100+ helpers
Thousands of tasks…
62. What is Lale?
Volunteers Helper circle Refugees
5x
6x
3x
@
Many phone calls, emails, meetings, etc until a task is
properly assigned to a volunteer
63. Administrators
• System admin
• Member management
• Data privacy
Group organizers
• Define and manage groups
• Create tasks and supplies; source volunteers
Helpers
• Register
• Task & Supplies
• Communicate
Roles