Operating Systems Structure 1- Take any 3 features of Linux and trace them back to earlier mainframe operating system. 2- How did spooling help to improve the throughput of early operating systems Solution Linux is an operating system, a soft ware program that controls your computer. Most vendors load an operating system on to the hard drive of a PC before delivering the PC has failed, you may not understand the function of an operating system. An operating system solves several problems arising from hard ware variation ad you\'re aware, no two PC models have identical hardware. For example: some PCs have an IDE hard where as others have a SCSI hard drive, whera as others have a SCSI hard drive. Operating systems solves this problem by providing a single standard way for applications to access hardware devices. When an operating system exists, applications can be more compact, because they share the hardware. As you\'ll soon learn , operating systems do many other things as well ; for example they generally provide a file system you can control the operation of your computer. (2) ... history operating systems have been tightly related to the computer architecture, it is good idea to study the history of operating system from the architecture of the computers on which they run. Operating systems have envolved through a nunbet of generations roughly to the decades. The 1940\'s - first generation: The earliest electronic digital computer had no operating systems, machines of the time were so primitive that programs were often entered one bit at time on rows of mechanical switches. Program languages were un known. Operating systems were un head of The 1950\'s- second generation: By the early - 1950\'s the revolution had improved some what with the introduction of punch cards. The 1960\'s - third generation: The systems of the 1960\'s were also batch processing systems, but they were able to take better advantage of computer\'s resources by running several jobs at once. Fourt generation: With the development of LSI circuits, chips, operating systems entered in a system, entered in personal computer and the workstation age..

1. Operating Systems Structure
1- Take any 3 features of Linux and trace them back to earlier mainframe operating system.
2- How did spooling help to improve the throughput of early operating systems
Solution
Linux is an operating system, a soft ware program that controls your computer. Most vendors
load an operating system on to the hard drive of a PC before delivering the PC has failed, you
may not understand the function of an operating system.
An operating system solves several problems arising from hard ware variation ad you're aware,
no two PC models have identical hardware.
For example: some PCs have an IDE hard where as others have a SCSI hard drive, whera as
others have a SCSI hard drive.
Operating systems solves this problem by providing a single standard way for applications to
access hardware devices. When an operating system exists, applications can be more compact,
because they share the hardware.
As you'll soon learn , operating systems do many other things as well ; for example they
generally provide a file system you can control the operation of your computer.
(2) ... history operating systems have been tightly related to the computer architecture, it is good
idea to study the history of operating system from the architecture of the computers on which
they run. Operating systems have envolved through a nunbet of generations roughly to the
decades.
The 1940's - first generation:
The earliest electronic digital computer had no operating systems, machines of the time were so
primitive that programs were often entered one bit at time on rows of mechanical switches.
Program languages were un known. Operating systems were un head of
The 1950's- second generation:
By the early - 1950's the revolution had improved some what with the introduction of punch
cards.
The 1960's - third generation:
The systems of the 1960's were also batch processing systems, but they were able to take better
advantage of computer's resources by running several jobs at once.
Fourt generation:
With the development of LSI circuits, chips, operating systems entered in a system, entered in
personal computer and the workstation age.