Power Optimization and Monitoring in Photovoltaic Systems

Power Optimization and Monitoring in Photovoltaic Systems Perry Tsao, Ph.D. January 20, 2010

Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Circuit model for a PV cell I L proportional to # of photons generating EHPs => I L proportional to irradiance (W / m^2) Under normal operating conditions :

PV Cell I-V Curve and P-V Curve I SC V OC (V MP , I MP ) (V MP , P MP ) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Conventional Grid-tied PV array Inverter To grid ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Centralized Max Power Point Tracking ,[object Object],[object Object],I-V and P-V curve for unshaded panels

Centralized Max Power Point Tracking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I-V and P-V curve for shaded and unshaded panels Shading 15% of panel area reduces power by 33%

Shade in Residential Installations

Mismatch in a Commercial Installation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

“Flagpole” Example – Munich, Germany

Case Study – Impact of Shading ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Source: EFFECTS OF SHADOW ON A GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEM N. Chaintreuil, F. Barruel, X. Le Pivert, H. Buttin, J. Merten INES R.D.I., Laboratory for Solar Systems (L2S). Proceedings of the 23 rd EU PVSEC, 2008. 2.6% 0.15% Shade Shade pattern Power Loss- (1x9) Power Loss- (3x3) 3.7% 1.7% 16.7% 7%

Case Study – Impact of Shading Source: EFFECTS OF SHADOW ON A GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEM N. Chaintreuil, F. Barruel, X. Le Pivert, H. Buttin, J. Merten INES R.D.I., Laboratory for Solar Systems (L2S) Proceedings of the 23 rd EU PVSEC, 2008. Power Loss- (3x3) Power Loss- (1x9) Shade Area % Shade pattern 12.5% 11.1% 13.9% 22.2% 36.8% 36.5% 30.5% 18.3% 17%

How come shade affects power so much? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I 1 =5A I 2 =5A I 3 =5A I d1 I d3 I d2

How come shade affects power so much? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I 1 =5A I 2 =2.5A I 3 =5A

Power Electronic Architectures for Grid-tied PV MPPT Central inverter String inverter Panel inverter Power Optimizer (Series) String Optimizer Power Optimizer (Parallel)

SolarMagic™ Power Optimizers – SM1230 PV Module PV Module PV Module DC AC PV Module PV Module PV Module PV Module PV Module PV Module

SolarMagic: Single String Operation Inverter Interaction ,[object Object],P Inverter Voltage Min Max w/o SolarMagic w/ SolarMagic

Example 35.5V @ 3.8A 200W 200W 200W 200W 200W 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 150V 0V 25W 135W 135W 135W 135W 6.6V @ 3.8A 35.5V @ 3.8A 150V 0V 35.5V @ 3.8A 35.5V @ 3.8A Before After 1000W 565W PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel

Example 33.3V @ 6A SM SM SM SM SM 200W 200W 200W 200W 200W 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 30V @ 6.7A 150V 0V SM SM SM SM SM 100W 200W 200W 200W 200W 16.7V @ 6A 33.3V @ 6A 150V 0V 33.3V @ 6A 33.3V @ 6A Before After 1000W 900W Panel output =30V @ 6.7A Panel output =27V @ 3.7A PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel PV Panel

When to use power optimizers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Different String Lengths ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Different Orientations Within A String ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PV System Monitoring ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

It Takes a Complete Solution for Maximum System Performance   Random Performance  Feel Good With Random Performance  Predictable But not Optimal Performance  Maximum Assured Performance (ROI)  High Performance        Power Optimization Monitoring Smart Management

SolarMagic™ Power Optimization Power Optimizer SmartPanel

SolarMagic™ Monitoring Internet Weather Station Smart Combiner AC Meter Solar Operations Center

SolarMagic™ Product Portfolio Internet Power Optimizer Weather Station Smart Combiner AC Meter SmartPanel Solar Operations Center String Manager

Thank you ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Power Optimization and Monitoring in Photovoltaic Systems

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