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4. tRNA and amino acyl tRNA synthetases (a) How many codons encode the amino acid Leu? (b) How many tRNAs decode these Leu codons? (c) What enzyme attaches Leu to these tRNAs? (d) Attachment of Leu to tRNA involves both A-type and B-type chemistry. What is the source of the phosphoryl center for B-type chemistry? (e) What is the leaving group for the A-type chemical reaction? (f) How many amino acids must this enzyme avoid? (g) What are the amino acids most similar to Leu? Name and chemical structure. Explain why these are similar to Leu. Pictures and words (h) Which of these most similar amino acids can the enzyme exclude, and by what mechanism? (i) What is the nucleophile for the special chemistry needed to remove residues similar to Leu but smaller than Leu? Is this A-type or B-type chemistry?.

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4. tRNA and amino acyl tRNA synthetases (a) How many codons encode the amino acid Leu? (b) How many tRNAs decode these Leu codons? (c) What enzyme attaches Leu to these tRNAs? (d) Attachment of Leu to tRNA involves both A-type and B-type chemistry. What is the source of the phosphoryl center for B-type chemistry? (e) What is the leaving group for the A-type chemical reaction? (f) How many amino acids must this enzyme avoid? (g) What are the amino acids most similar to Leu? Name and chemical structure. Explain why these are similar to Leu. Pictures and words (h) Which of these most similar amino acids can the enzyme exclude, and by what mechanism? (i) What is the nucleophile for the special chemistry needed to remove residues similar to Leu but smaller than Leu? Is this A-type or B-type chemistry?

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