Milk is a major ingredient used in many foods and beverages like cereals, tea, coffee, ice cream, custard, and puddings. It is high in calcium and fat. Milk contains water along with nutrients like protein, fat, and carbohydrates. Milk undergoes pasteurization to kill harmful bacteria by heating it to 71°C for 15 seconds or 62°C for 30 minutes. There are different types of milk including whole milk, skimmed milk, buttermilk, condensed milk, and dried milk solids which are used in cooking and baking and impact products differently based on their composition.

1. Milk and Dairy Products
Pankaj Sood

2. Milk is a major ingredient in our diet-poured over cereals, put in
tea and coffee-and it also is a part of many dishes, especially
desserts such as ice cream, custard, pancake, rice pudding, etc.
It is particularly high in calcium, but it is also fairly good in fat too.
Milk is mainly made up of water and has many nutrition contents
such as protein, fats, and carbohydrates.
Milk also has a sugar called lactose and this is the reason why milk
changes color when heated for a long time.

3. Milk is mainly used as a poaching liquor to make white sauce and other
sauce.
In bakery, it is used as a liquid in place of water to enrich the dough or used
as a liquid in making creams and pastes.
In pastry products milk improves the texture, flavor, nutrition value, and the
quality of the product.
When milk is used in sauce or as the base for desserts, low heat should be
applied to the milk as both the odour and color of the milk gets adversely
affected by the intensity of heat provide.

4. There are many types of milk consumed though mostly it is cow’s milk, goat’s
milk, and sheep’s milk. Milk needs to be pasteurized in order to be safe for
consumption.
Pasteurization of milk
Almost all fresh milk is marketed as pasteurized these days, as this is a
precaution to guard against food poisoning. To pasteurize milk one has to
heat it to a high temperature below boiling point by one of the following two
methods.
The flash method milk is brought to 71oC and held there for not less than 15
seconds.
Holding method in this method the milk is heated to 62oC and held at this
temperature for less than 30 minutes.

5. Types of milk
It is important various kind of milk is used in cooking and especially in pastry
the type of milk plays a very important role. The whole milk will give a
different product from the milk powder or milk solids and so on.
Whole milk
Homogenized milk
Skimmed milk
Butter milk
Condensed milk
Dried milk solids

6. Commercial milk is also usually homogenized—a mechanical process that
breaks the fat globules into smaller droplets so that they stay suspended in
the milk rather than separating out and floating to the top of the jug.
Skimmed Milk :-Milk from which the cream has been removed.
Buttermilk refers to a number of dairy drinks. Originally, buttermilk was the
liquid left behind after churning butter out of cream. This type
of buttermilk is known as traditional buttermilk.
Condensed milk: Milk that has been thickened by evaporation and sweetened,
sold in tins.
Dried milk. : Milk dehydrated to about 5 percent of moisture by evaporation
—called also milk powder, powdered milk — compare evaporated milk.