Unit I Project Open· Weight 8 of course grade· Grading Rubri.docx

Unit I Project Open
· Weight: 8% of course grade
· Grading Rubric
· Due: Tuesday, 07/09/2019 11:59 PM (CST)
Instructions
Over the course of these eight units, we will be developing a
course project. We will do a single section of the course project
in every unit by completing one section of the course project,
and then adding to it with the subsequent work in the following
unit. This unit work will be in the form of unit projects.
In following units (Units II, III, V, VI, and VIII), the Unit
Lesson will contain an interactive model that will enable you to
effectively select the most appropriate equipment and
technology to engineer into your waste management system
design for the facility. It is imperative that you read the Unit
Lessons within the study guide in each unit, use the interactive
model, and consider the current (as well as previous) material
from Bahadori’s (2014) textbook in every unit. This project will
serve as a comprehensive demonstration of your applied
learning of engineering industrial and hazardous waste
treatment systems.
Your course project will be to develop a document titled “A
Proposal for an Industrial Waste Treatment Facility” and will
serve as a simulation of your work as a contract environmental
engineer for a small, rural town in the United States.
The Scenario:
You have contracted with the city named Small Town, USA, to
design and engineer a municipal industrial waste pre-treatment
facility. The city currently accepts liquid wastes from three
significant industrial users (SIU): (a) a petroleum refinery, (b)
an animal rendering plant, and (c) a tanker truck washout. In an
effort to capture revenue, the city is currently accepting the
liquid waste physically hauled by tanker truck from all three
SIU members and is subsequently collecting the liquid wastes

into a 300,000 gallon storage tank, pending your facility design.
The city wants to be able to effectively treat and neutralize the
liquid waste, landfill or reuse the sludge in an agriculture
application, and discharge the neutralized treatment plant
effluent water to the existing municipal (residential) wastewater
plant for final treatment after successfully meeting the local
limits for each analyte.
The current waste profile has been analyzed at a local
environmental chemical testing laboratory. This is the lab report
at 30ºC:
Analyte
Concentration (mg/L or ppm)
Local Limits (mg/L or ppm)
BOD
4200
1300
COD
6000
2400
TSS
800
160
pH
5.5
6.0-9.0
TDS
5000
200
TOC
1300
150
Cyanides
3
0.5
Phenols
15

012
Cadmium
15
2
Chromium (trivalent)
5
0.25
Iron
800
50
H2S (hydrogen sulfide)
6
0.5
TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons)
1600
640
Instructions:
1. Closely read the Required Reading assignment from Bahadori
(2014) and the Unit Lesson within the Study Guide.
2. Use APA style (title page, body with level one headings, and
a reference page) for a research paper, and begin drafting a
proposal document. You will add to this document in every unit
with another level one heading.
3. Since this is a project that you add to throughout the course,
make your Unit I work your first level one heading, titled
“Municipal Situation,” and describe the scenario that is
presented above. You are required to describe the scenario in at
least one page.
Unit II Project Open
· Grading Rubric
Instructions
As a continuation of our course project due in Unit VIII (a
proposal for an industrial and hazardous waste treatment

facility), complete the next two sections (management
considerations and physical treatment) of your proposal by
following the instructions carefully, and then submit your
continued draft of your proposal into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions:
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit I and make any
improvements to your draft using your professor’s feedback
from the Unit I project assignment.
3. Open the Unit II Study Guide, read the Unit II Lesson, and
then work with the embedded interactive model to decide what
physical treatment equipment to include in your treatment
process design.
4. Continue from your Unit I Project and make your second
level one heading titled “Management Considerations.” Discuss
the following variables as part of the scenario. Be sure to
mention your intentions to provide physical treatment, chemical
treatment, biological treatment, general sewage treatment
techniques, and solid waste treatment using the financial
resources identified below. Also, consider how you would
organize, manage, and lead staff. Discuss what staff
certifications and facility licenses will be required in order to
operate the facility. Finally, discuss when you anticipate that
the facility will demonstrate a return on the investment (ROI):
. Capital costs of construction budget: $1,000,000 (5-year note)
. Capital cost of equipment budget: $1,000,000 (5-year)
. O&M budget: $500,000/year
. Forecasted revenue generation: $1,000,000/year
. Useful life of plant: 15 years minimum
. Loan interest rate: 5% (5 year note)
. Operating hours: Monday through Friday: 0800hrs – 1700hrs
. Available personnel: 4 staff members
You are required to describe the scenario in at least one page.
5. Continue from your Unit I Project and make your third level
one heading titled “Physical Treatment.” Discuss what physical

treatment equipment you are proposing for your treatment
process. Be sure and describe why you selected the equipment
and what final effluent concentrations you anticipate will be
lowered with the equipment. You are required to describe the
equipment selection in at least one page.
Unit III Project Open
· Grading Rubric
Instructions
facility), complete the next (fourth) section (chemical
treatment) of your proposal by following the instructions
carefully, and then submit your continued draft of your proposal
into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions:
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit II and make any
from the Unit II project assignment.
3. Open the Unit III Study Guide, read the unit lesson, and then
work with the embedded interactive model to decide what
chemical treatment equipment to include in your treatment
process design.
4. Continue from your Unit II Project and make your fourth
level one heading titled “Chemical Treatment.” Describe the
chemical treatment equipment that you engineered into your
treatment process. Be sure and describe the relevance and
anticipated reduction of related analytical concentrations within
your industrial and hazardous waste treatment system as they
correspond with each technology that you selected.
You are required to describe the equipment selection in at least
200 words (minimum).

Unit V Project Open
· Grading Rubric
Instructions
facility), complete the next (fifth) section (biological and
secondary treatment) of your proposal by following the
instructions carefully, and then submit your continued draft of
your proposal into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions:
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit III and make any
from the Unit III project assignment.
3. Open the Unit V Study Guide, read the unit lesson, and then
work with the embedded interactive model to decide what
biological and secondary treatment equipment to include in your
treatment process design.
4. Continue from your Unit III Project and make your fifth level
one heading titled “Biological and Secondary Treatment.”
Describe the secondary treatment equipment that you
engineered into your treatment process. Be sure and describe
the relevance and anticipated reduction of related analytical
concentrations within your industrial and hazardous waste
treatment system as they correspond with each technology that
you selected.
one page.
Unit VI Project Open
· Grading Rubric

Instructions
As a continuation of our course project due in Unit VIII (A
Proposal for an Industrial and Hazardous Waste Treatment
Facility), complete the next (sixth) section (solid waste
treatment) of your proposal by following the instructions
carefully, and then submit your continued draft of your proposal
into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions:
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit V and make any
from the Unit V project assignment.
3. Open the Unit VI Study Guide, read the unit lesson, and then
work with the embedded interactive model to decide what solid
waste treatment equipment to include in your treatment process
design.
4. Continue from your Unit V Project and make your sixth level
one heading titled “Solid Waste Treatment.” Describe the solid
waste treatment equipment that you engineered into your
treatment process (sludge dewatering equipment). Be sure and
describe the relevance and anticipated reduction of related
analytical concentrations within your industrial and hazardous
waste treatment system as they correspond with each technology
that you selected.
one page.
Unit VIII Course Project Open
· Grading Rubric
Instructions
As the final and complete step of our course project (a proposal
for an industrial and hazardous waste treatment facility),

complete the last (seventh) section (cake solids disposal) of
your proposal by following the instructions carefully. Draft a
one paragraph abstract (insert the abstract immediately
following the title page), and then submit your final copy of
your completed proposal into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions:
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit VI and make any
from the Unit VI project assignment.
3. Open the Unit VIII Study Guide, read the unit lesson,
strongly consider reading the article referenced in the suggested
reading section, and then consider your filter cake disposal
strategies available to you and your client.
4. Continue with your Unit VI Project and make your seventh
level one heading titled “Cake Solids Disposal.” Describe the
waste profiling process, the process of locating an appropriate
site of final disposition for the filter cake, contracting with a
landfill, and the paperwork associated with final disposal. You
are required to describe the entire filter cake disposal process in
at least one page.
5. Throughout the course you have continued to add pieces to
the course project. After you have added the “Cake Solids
Disposal” component to the project, review your project to be
sure you have included all components from the course and
incorporated feedback from the instructor. Along with the title
page and reference list, create a one paragraph abstract
following the title page that summarizes the entire project.
MEE 5801, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management 1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit II
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Assess the fundamental science and engineering principles
applicable to the management and
treatment of solid and hazardous wastes.
1.1 Discuss the importance of particle size and water
temperature as they relate to sedimentation
theory.
1.2 Discuss application techniques and volume requirements as
they relate to flow equalization
basin design.
4. Examine leadership and management principles related to
industrial and hazardous waste issues.
5. Evaluate operations and technologies related to industrial and
hazardous wastes.
5.1 Compare and contrast the benefits and limitations of a
conventional API oil-water separator
against a rotary drum oil skimmer.
5.2 Discuss the benefits, limitations, and applications for
dissolved air flotation (DAF).
Reading Assignment
Chapter 2: Physical Unit Operations

Unit Lesson
One of the potentially more frustrating aspects of designing a
hazardous waste treatment and storage
disposal facility (TSDF) is the management aspect of planning
and budgeting for the project as well as the
operational considerations with given resource requirements
(human and equipment). As environmental
engineers managing these types of projects, the responsibilities
of even the financial forecasting (often in the
form of a feasibility analysis) are often thrust upon us.
Capital costs, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs, reduced
waste management costs, raw material cost
savings, insurance savings, changes in utilities costs, and
revenue from marketable recovered byproducts
may be needed in order to fully analyze the economic viability
of our design (Haas & Vamos, 1995). We are
going to closely consider the following aspects of planning, and
incorporate these aspects into our course
project (a proposal for an industrial waste treatment facility)
design: (a) capital costs for construction,
(b) capital costs for equipment, (c) O&M costs, and (d)
forecasted revenue generation. Consequently, it is
common to structure a feasibility analysis around engineering
economic computations, such as the following
(Haas & Vamos, 1995):
�� =
�
(1 + �)�

where PV = present value
i = interest rate (expressed on a fractional basis)
t = years
For example, generated revenue or expenses (P) may occur at (t)
years in the future with a given interest rate
(i), providing a present value (PV). This is also called an
internal rate of return and is simply a function of trial
and error computations (if done by hand) for modeling the
feasibility of the proposed TSDF
UNIT II STUDY GUIDE
Leadership and Management Aspects of
Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
(Haas & Vamos, 1995). This is why contemporary calculations
are often performed with spreadsheets and
commercial accounting software. Still, it is important to
understand the planning behind the math.
Capital costs for construction are typically obtained by
construction contractor estimates. These can be

straightforward estimates generated by soliciting requests for
proposals (RFP). As the designers, we just
have to know exactly what equipment we will need in the
process before we submit a solicitation for RFPs.
Capital costs for equipment are also obtained by equipment
vendor estimates generated by RFPs. As the
designers, we must anticipate the equipment type and
subsequently specify the correct pieces of equipment
(including tanks, mixers, filters, etc.) in the RFP solicitation.
O&M costs are often difficult to estimate with strong statistical
confidence. However, we can calculate a
reasonable estimate by doing the following steps. First, we can
estimate the human resource requirements
based upon the planned operational hours of the TSDF
(accommodating for each sub-system within the
treatment process). Second, we can sum the total energy
requirements published by each piece of equipment
specified in the RFP. Third, we can estimate a daily supply rate
to cover anticipated operational supplies
(e.g., personal protective equipment, administrative supplies).
Fourth, we can estimate the staff training
requirements (e.g., municipal wastewater operator license, 40-
hour HAZWOPER certification) and facility
operation requirements (such as Tier I or Tier II reporting
requirements, municipal operating license, federal
(EPA) permits, state permits) by researching requirements
within the Code of Federal Regulations, including
the 29 CFR (safety) and 40 CFR (environmental), and then
pricing the cost of training and permitting.
Forecasted revenue generation is also an estimate, but may be
more predictable and subsequently
demonstrate a stronger statistical confidence in our calculations.
We can simply achieve this by conducting

market research in the affected area of operation to understand
where the wastes will be generated, and the
frequency of delivery of the wastes to the TSDF. This is often
achieved by an outside sales team (if an
organization wants to maximize its potential for incoming
wastes and subsequent revenue).
As we learn about the equipment designs available to us in
Bahadori’s (2014) discussion on physical
treatment (pp. 25-79), start to consider what equipment you
perceive would be most beneficial to your
proposed system. We are going to make the same equipment
decisions in the subsequent units for chemical
techniques, and solid waste treatment sections of
our proposal (course project).
Often, this type of exercise is best achieved by using
commercially available forecasting models. As such, we
are going to use a forecasting model for different equipment
options in every unit as we design our own TSDF
for our client. Let’s consider our first phase of equipment needs
for our proposed project design.
1. Click here to access the interactive design model.
2. Closely review the influent laboratory report (lift station)
against the effluent laboratory report (pop up
report). As environmental engineers, our job is to design the
TSDF process so that the final effluent
concentrations are ultimately at or below the established local
limits for the municipal wastewater
treatment plant (WWTP).
3. As we add equipment to our model (in each unit), we will see

our forecasted final effluent
concentrations for different analytes continue to drop and
eventually meet the local limits. Use this
model in your design work for your course project (proposed
industrial and hazardous waste
treatment facility) as you develop each section of the project in
each unit.
Let’s start engineering our TSDF!
References
Bahadori, A. (2014). Waste management in the chemical and
petroleum industries. West Sussex, United
Kingdom: Wiley.
Haas, C., & Vamos, R. (1995). Hazardous and industrial waste
treatment. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice-Hall.
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/bbcswebdav/xid-
50668609_1

Course Learning Outcomes for Unit I
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
2. Examine the key attributes of solid and hazardous wastes.
3. Evaluate laws, standards, and best practices related to
hazardous wastes.
6. Assess the impact of industrial and hazardous waste on
human populations.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1: Wastewater Treatment
Unit Lesson
As you will notice, this class is designated as MEE (Masters of
Environmental Engineering). As scholar-
practitioners of environmental management, it is imperative that
we learn to apply engineering principles to
keep the environment and other people as safe as possible while
operating within work systems across a
wide cross-section of industry settings. This is the very basis
for studying environmental engineering.
Environmental managers typically observe and report incidents
while implementing administrative programs

to hopefully reduce the volume of incidents experienced in a
given industry setting. Environmental engineers
do something different. First, environmental engineers study the
affected work systems to identify
independent variables causally related to incidents. Second,
environmental engineers use statistical data
analysis to forecast future incidents. Finally, environmental
engineers work to engineer out the risks from the
work system. All of this is done well before introducing the
environment and humans into the contemporary
work system. This is the very work that we must do as scholar-
practitioners of environmental management.
Consequently, we must learn to think and work as
environmental engineers.
This unit is going to help us focus on our objectives for this
entire class as we learn to study industrial and
hazardous waste systems with the most effective technical
design tools available to the environmental
engineering field. Let’s make the mental transition from an
environmental manager to an environmental
engineer together as we begin!
First, in an effort to appreciate the need for properly managing
these wastes, it is important for us to assess
the impact of industrial and hazardous waste on human
populations.
Hickman (2003) explained that the United States only began
understanding the impact of solid, industrial, and
hazardous waste on the human population after World War II
(late 1950s). Before the early 1970s, the larger
part of waste management seemed to have been focused on the
transportation of the wastes, rather than the
treatment and subsequent disposal of the wastes (Hickman,
2003). By the time we reached the early 1980s,

we had just begun to recognize the relationship between the
industry type standard industrial code (SIC) and
the waste types (classifications) largely associated with each
industry. For example, we learned that roughly
70% of the hazardous waste nationwide was generated by the
chemical industry (SIC code 28), with
approximately 20% belonging to the primary metals industry
(SIC code 33), and the remaining 10% belonging
to the additional industry types (Haas & Vamos, 1995). Still,
one of the most informative realizations was that
approximately 90% of the waste was being generated by
approximately 10% of the waste generators among
industry types. As such, one of the first classifications that is
important for us to understand is the small
UNIT I STUDY GUIDE
Industrial Hazardous Waste Attributes,
Impacts, and Regulations
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
quantity generator that represents the 90% of the industry
generators producing approximately only 10% of
the total waste (Haas & Vamos, 1995).
Second, given that we understand every process is likely to have

an effluent waste stream (solid, liquid, or
gas), it is imperative that we as environmental engineers
understand the waste aspect of a given operation.
This means we must learn the fundamental science (chemistry
and physics) and engineering principles
involved in the operation. Interestingly, the majority of the
chemistry involved in waste treatment occurs within
the wastewater matrices of the industrial effluents. Bahadori
(2014) carefully navigates us through this critical
first lesson of wastewater chemistry within the context of a
wastewater treatment plant. It is critical that you
take the time to carefully follow Bahadori (2014) through this
discussion as it will inform your thinking
throughout the entire course.
Third, it is important that we be able classify wastes by
understanding and recognizing the key attributes of
wastes that may be considered industrial wastes, solid wastes,
or hazardous wastes. In addition to Bahadori’s
(2014) characterization and classification of wastewaters, we
must also begin to recognize the differences
between solid wastes and hazardous wastes generated by
industrial sources. This is largely achieved by
using applied chemistry to delineate the differences between
solid wastes and hazardous wastes. We first
distinguish between inorganic wastes and organic wastes. Then,
we further segregate by type: (inorganics)
acid wastes, alkaline wastes, and other inorganic wastes;
(organics) concentrated liquids, dilute aqueous
solutions, organic solids, and organic gases/vapors. Everything
else not falling in either of these categories
(such as biological wastes, explosives, strong oxidizers, and
strong reducers) is considered a special waste
(Haas & Vamos, 1995).These chemical and physical attributes
are recognized only through chemical and
physical laboratory testing with Environmental Protection

Agency (EPA) approved test methods.
Finally, we must consider the relevant laws, standards, and best
practices related to managing these wastes.
While there are local municipal and state laws governing
specific aspects of waste management and disposal
(often termed local limits), the EPA ultimately governs the most
contemporary and best practices through
several laws (e.g., Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, Resource
Conservation & Recovery Act [RCRA]).
Additionally, the EPA governs with the Code of Federal
Regulation (CFR) (specifically 40 CFR Part 261 for
RCRA hazardous waste identification and 40 CFR Part 503 for
sewage sludge) (Haas & Vamos, 1995).
As we progress through this class, we are going to be designing
a waste management system within the
context of a course project. This course project will be a
proposed industrial and hazardous waste treatment
facility that we will individually engineer, complete with
wastewater, solid, and gas treatment and control
technologies. As such, we will draw heavily upon each chapter
of Bahadori’s (2014) textbook as we engineer
one aspect of the facility design proposal in each unit.
This may be your first opportunity to design as an
environmental engineer. Take in everything that you can in
this class and think like a designing environmental engineer!
This is what we are called to do as
scholar-practitioners of environmental management.
References
Bahadori, A. (2014). Waste management in the chemical and

petroleum industries. West Sussex, United
Kingdom: Wiley.
Haas, C., & Vamos, R. (1995). Hazardous and industrial waste
treatment. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-
Hall.
Hickman, H. L. (2003). American alchemy: The history of solid
waste management in the United States.
Santa Barbara, CA: Forester Press.
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Suggested Reading
The suggested reading will give you additional resources related
to wastewater management planning. The
article can be found using the Academic Search Complete
database in the CSU library.
Hashemi, H., Pourzamani, H., & Samani, B. R. (2014).
Comprehensive planning for classification and

disposal of solid waste at the industrial parks regarding health
and environmental impacts.
Journal Of Environmental & Public Health, 1-6.
Unit I Project
· Grading Rubric
Instructions
Over the course of these eight units, we will be developing a
course project. We will do a single section of the course project
in every unit by completing one section of the course project,
and then adding to it with the subsequent work in the following
unit. This unit work will be in the form of unit projects.
In following units (Units II, III, V, VI, and VIII), the Unit
Lesson will contain an interactive model that will enable you to
effectively select the most appropriate equipment and
technology to engineer into your waste management system
design for the facility. It is imperative that you read the Unit
Lessons within the study guide in each unit, use the interactive
model, and consider the current (as well as previous) material
from Bahadori’s (2014) textbook in every unit. This project will
serve as a comprehensive demonstration of your applied
learning of engineering industrial and hazardous waste
treatment systems.
Your course project will be to develop a document titled “A
Proposal for an Industrial Waste Treatment Facility” and will
serve as a simulation of your work as a contract environmental
engineer for a small, rural town in the United States.
The Scenario:
You have contracted with the city named Small Town, USA, to
design and engineer a municipal industrial waste pre-treatment
facility. The city currently accepts liquid wastes from three
significant industrial users (SIU): (a) a petroleum refinery, (b)

an animal rendering plant, and (c) a tanker truck washout. In an
effort to capture revenue, the city is currently accepting the
liquid waste physically hauled by tanker truck from all three
SIU members and is subsequently collecting the liquid wastes
into a 300,000 gallon storage tank, pending your facility design.
The city wants to be able to effectively treat and neutralize the
liquid waste, landfill or reuse the sludge in an agriculture
application, and discharge the neutralized treatment plant
effluent water to the existing municipal (residential) wastewater
plant for final treatment after successfully meeting the local
limits for each analyte.
The current waste profile has been analyzed at a local
environmental chemical testing laboratory. This is the lab report
at 30ºC:
Analyte
Concentration (mg/L or ppm)
Local Limits (mg/L or ppm)
BOD
4200
1300
COD
6000
2400
TSS
800
160
pH
5.5
6.0-9.0
TDS
5000
200
TOC
1300
150
Cyanides

3
0.5
Phenols
15
012
Cadmium
15
2
Chromium (trivalent)
5
0.25
Iron
800
50
H2S (hydrogen sulfide)
6
0.5
TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons)
1600
640
Instructions:
2. Use APA style (title page, body with level one headings, and
a reference page) for a research paper, and begin drafting a
proposal document. You will add to this document in every unit
with another level one heading.
3. Since this is a project that you add to throughout the course,
make your Unit I work your first level one heading, titled
“Municipal Situation,” and describe the scenario that is
presented above. You are required to describe the scenario in at
least one page.
· Grading Rubric

Instructions
facility), complete the next two sections (management
considerations and physical treatment) of your proposal by
following the instructions carefully, and then submit your
continued draft of your proposal into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions:
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit I and make any
from the Unit I project assignment.
3. Open the Unit II Study Guide, read the Unit II Lesson, and
then work with the embedded interactive model to decide what
physical treatment equipment to include in your treatment
process design.
4. Continue from your Unit I Project and make your second
level one heading titled “Management Considerations.” Discuss
the following variables as part of the scenario. Be sure to
mention your intentions to provide physical treatment, chemical
techniques, and solid waste treatment using the financial
resources identified below. Also, consider how you would
organize, manage, and lead staff. Discuss what staff
certifications and facility licenses will be required in order to
operate the facility. Finally, discuss when you anticipate that
the facility will demonstrate a return on the investment (ROI):
. Capital costs of construction budget: $1,000,000 (5-year note)
. Capital cost of equipment budget: $1,000,000 (5-year)
. O&M budget: $500,000/year
. Forecasted revenue generation: $1,000,000/year
. Useful life of plant: 15 years minimum
. Loan interest rate: 5% (5 year note)
. Operating hours: Monday through Friday: 0800hrs – 1700hrs

. Available personnel: 4 staff members
You are required to describe the scenario in at least one page.
5. Continue from your Unit I Project and make your third level
one heading titled “Physical Treatment.” Discuss what physical
treatment equipment you are proposing for your treatment
process. Be sure and describe why you selected the equipment
and what final effluent concentrations you anticipate will be
lowered with the equipment. You are required to describe the
equipment selection in at least one page.
Industrial and Hazardous Waste Treatment
Michael C Adams
Columbia Southern University
Management Considerations
Waste treatment involves three processes that is
chemical, physical and biological which are demanding in terms
of resources. It is clear from the budget that the treatment
process requires finance as well as other considerations so as to
run a treatment plan. The biological aspect of treatment is
achieved through licensing and chemical waste treatment so as
to ensure that no health hazard is posed to the community as
well as the surrounding environment.
Physical and chemical treatment of wastes is demanding in
terms of workers equipment and the operations to be undertaken
for it to be a success. Different processes and operations are

carried out so as to process wastes for energy and material
recovery. The selection of the unit of operations and systems is
dependent on the nature of the wastes. Different wastes are
hazardous to the environment and therefore chemical treatment
is necessary to reduce the emissions which are normally toxic.
Chemical treatment requires highly trained professionals in the
chemical fields. Waste treatment process incorporates all levels
of qualifications from the low skilled to carry out most of the
manual works and the highly skilled to supervise so that the
treatment may be a success. A valid license is required from the
department of environmental management during the treatment
of solid waste. A license is given upon supervision of the site
by the agency, if the agency is not satisfied then the activity
will be upheld until compliance is achieved. The waste and
treatment division also checks the level of hazards so as to give
certifications to continue with the process of treatment.
To determine the efficiency of the investment which as
discussed requires various resources, return on investment
should be considered. The formula to be applied is:
ROI = Net Income (NI) / Investment (I)
NI = Gross Profit – Expenses
I = Stock + Market Outstanding + Claims
ROI = (1,000,000 – 500,000) / (2,000,000 + 5% of 2,000,000)/5
500,000/480,000
= 1.04
Physical Treatment
According to (Hollysys (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd, n.d.) water
Treatment Industry project requires a Biological contact
oxidation (BCO) scheme as a type of submerged biofilm
practice. Unused water comes into contact with the biofilm on
the filler. There are microorganisms in the biofilms; hence
through immersed aeration organic filter/ biological contact
oxidation tank, biofilm-covered fillers submerge in the
wastewater. When biofilms and wastewater meets the organic
matter are absorbed in the water by the micro-organic elements
followed by, oxidization and degradation into new biofilms.

Later, the disconnected biofilms from the filler move alongside
water to the secondary sedimentation tank, and exits as the
remaining water purify. There is oxygen requirement in the
contact oxidation tank, for the micro-organisms comes from the
water, hence air supplementation into the water to compensate
for the loss of the dissolved oxygen through a perforated air
pipeline at the foot of the tank. The air froths rise in the water
as a process of the oxygen dissolution into the water proceeds,
and sometimes the water yields by the same quota.
For biological oxidation, a big volumetric tank that offers
oxygenation state and also offer measurement of bio-solids
consistent with the filling capability of the tank. It supplies
simple process and managing mechanisms. The bio-solids
capacity is bulky the water mixes totally in the oxidation tank
due to its sturdier adaptableness to the rapid fluctuations of
water magnitude and value. The system is considered efficient
because it enables getting rid of water borne diseases, toxicity
as well as dissolves carbon resulting in high quality water.
References
Al-Salem, S. M., Lettieri, P., & Baeyens, J. (2009). Recycling
and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A
review. Waste Management, 29(10), 2625-2643.
Rahardyan, B., Matsuto, T., Kakuta, Y., & Tanaka, N. (2004).
Resident's concerns and attitudes towards Solid Waste
Management facilities. Waste Management, 24(5), 437-451.
Feedback to Learner 7/16/19 1:50 PM
Michael,
Please review the instructions for this project. You should be
adding the new section to your previous work each week. The
management section of this proposal does not include the
correct calculation. Please use the interactive model, and
include the necessary data, in the physical treatment section.

UNit I project
Comments
Feedback to Learner 7/8/19 12:39 PM
Michael,
The data that is included in the course syllabus must be
presented in this initial section. Subsequent units will need to
present the estimated changes to that data through the proposed
treatment. The proposed treatment should not be included in
this introductory section as you have not yet made the
selections based on the interactive model.
Heather Frost
Michael C Adams
Columbia Southern University
July 8, 2019
MUNICIPAL SITUATION
A Proposal for an Industrial Waste Treatment Facility
Treatment of industrial waste is a key component for any
modern day in the modern day. The main motivation being
averting the danger posed by industrial waste to the
environment (Qasim, 2017). Many industries use water that is

used in various departments for the production of their
products. The water that is produced as a result is usually
contaminated and considered as a waste product. However, this
water can be purified by using various methods to rid it of
harmful elements. This makes the water recyclable and fit for
human consumption (Higgins, 2017). This paper will seek to
develop issues of an industrial waste treatment facility in the
context of a municipal.
The primary purpose of setting up an industrial waste
treatment facility is to manage industrial waste from industries
within the municipality (Hu, Andrews, Lindstrom, Bruton,
Schaider, Grandjean, & Higgins,2016). There are several
processes that will be involved in industrial waste management.
Preliminary, primary, secondary, tertiary as well as disposal are
the main process involved. The industrial waste treatment
facility design will revolve around these processes. Tertiary
process for removal of pathogens, the secondary process for
removal of biological organic components, primary process for
removal of suspended components, the preliminary process for
removal of physical organic components (Feng, Luo, & Chen,
2015).
The preliminary process will consist of the following
components; screening, the grit chamber, floatation chamber
and skimming chamber. The primary process main task will be
to reduce the suspended solids as well as biochemical oxygen
demand. the secondary process will then follow in by removal
of biodegradable dissolved and colloidal organic matter using
aerobic biological treatment process (Maragkaki, Fountoulakis,
Gypakis, Kyriakou, Lasaridi, & Manios, 2017). The tertiary
process will involve De-chlorination and disinfection, reverse
osmosis as well as ion exchange. Disposal of the remainder of
waste will involve processes that put the remainder of the waste
into a form fit for agricultural use.
References

Feng, L., Luo, J., & Chen, Y. (2015). Dilemma of sewage
sludge treatment and disposal in China.
Higgins, T. E. (2017). Hazardous Waste Minimization
Handbook: 0. CRC Press.
Hu, X. C., Andrews, D. Q., Lindstrom, A. B., Bruton, T. A.,
Schaider, L. A., Grandjean, P., ... & Higgins, C. P. (2016).
Detection of poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in US
drinking water linked to industrial sites, military fire training
areas, and wastewater treatment plants. Environmental science
& technology letters, 3(10), 344-350.
Maragkaki, A. E., Fountoulakis, M., Gypakis, A., Kyriakou, A.,
Lasaridi, K., & Manios, T. (2017). Pilot-scale anaerobic co-
digestion of sewage sludge with agro-industrial by-products for
increased biogas production of existing digesters at wastewater
treatment plants. Waste management, 59, 362-370.
Qasim, S. R. (2017). Wastewater treatment plants: planning,
design, and operation. Routledge.

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