x: int y: str z: undefined Oil and gas Industry Oil and gas exploration has changed the way the world works. Oil and gas are the most significant sources of energy in the world. Activities in this industry consist of oil and gas exploration. There are several processes involved in the process of prospecting, equipping, and then the mining process. The method of processing crude oil is crucial. The crude oil is made into different products that are used in power production, fueling cars, and cooking. The investment in this industry is rather expensive (Pam Sadowski, SSSD, 2017). This is why it requires the input of many parties. The oil wells are also costly to set up and maintain. The oil and gas industry is a big player in the energy sector. It is a source of energy used in most locomotives in the world. The products from the oil and gas industry include kerosene, gasoline, and diesel. All these fuels are useful for providing energy in the various sub-sectors. Almost the whole transport industry uses fuels from this sector. This is because they are readily available and can be transported from one region to another without needing a lot of effort. This is what makes the oil and gas industry is crucial for all sectors that require energy. The oil industry is an ever-changing market. The prices of its products are affected by supply and demand. Being a commodity that is needed worldwide, a shift in price in one region affects the cost of the entire specialty. The fuel prices change from time to time, depending on supply and demand. The lower the quantity, the higher the rates. The higher the prices, the higher the amount of money invested in the industry. The quick change in prices means that care has to be taken to keep the cost of production low. The prices shift from time to time has to be kept under check at all times. The market trends in this industry indicate an increase in investment in North America. The expenditure has been increasing in the past ten years. This shows that there will be an increase in the next five years. According to Price Waterhouse Coopers, North America has been at the center of the most substantial expenditures in oil exploration (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2018). This indicates that the outlook of the market points to improving trends all over the world. The increased investment shows that it is projected that the output will grow in the next few years. Retrieved from: https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/gx/en/insights/industry-trends/2018-oil-gas.html The Government has a significant role to play in this industry. The Government is advocating for an increase in the use of renewable energy sources. This means that there is a possibility that this industry will see a drop in sales due to competition from other sources of energy that are considered more environmentally friendly. Such legislations imply that it will result in less investment in the industry. Due to the price fluctuation seen from time to time, it ...

1. x: int
y: str
z: undefined
Oil and gas Industry
Oil and gas exploration has changed the way the world works.
Oil and gas are the most significant sources of energy in the
world. Activities in this industry consist of oil and gas
exploration. There are several processes involved in the process
of prospecting, equipping, and then the mining process. The
method of processing crude oil is crucial. The crude oil is made
into different products that are used in power production,
fueling cars, and cooking. The investment in this industry is
rather expensive (Pam Sadowski, SSSD, 2017). This is why it
requires the input of many parties. The oil wells are also costly
to set up and maintain.
The oil and gas industry is a big player in the energy sector. It
is a source of energy used in most locomotives in the world.
The products from the oil and gas industry include kerosene,
gasoline, and diesel. All these fuels are useful for providing
energy in the various sub-sectors. Almost the whole transport
industry uses fuels from this sector. This is because they are
readily available and can be transported from one region to
another without needing a lot of effort. This is what makes the
oil and gas industry is crucial for all sectors that require energy.
The oil industry is an ever-changing market. The prices of its
products are affected by supply and demand. Being a
commodity that is needed worldwide, a shift in price in one
region affects the cost of the entire specialty. The fuel prices
change from time to time, depending on supply and demand.
The lower the quantity, the higher the rates. The higher the
prices, the higher the amount of money invested in the industry.
The quick change in prices means that care has to be taken to

2. keep the cost of production low. The prices shift from time to
time has to be kept under check at all times.
The market trends in this industry indicate an increase in
investment in North America. The expenditure has been
increasing in the past ten years. This shows that there will be an
increase in the next five years. According to Price Waterhouse
Coopers, North America has been at the center of the most
substantial expenditures in oil exploration
(PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2018). This indicates that the outlook
of the market points to improving trends all over the world. The
increased investment shows that it is projected that the output
will grow in the next few years.
Retrieved from:
https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/gx/en/insights/industry-
trends/2018-oil-gas.html
The Government has a significant role to play in this industry.
The Government is advocating for an increase in the use of
renewable energy sources. This means that there is a possibility
that this industry will see a drop in sales due to competition
from other sources of energy that are considered more
environmentally friendly. Such legislations imply that it will
result in less investment in the industry. Due to the price
fluctuation seen from time to time, it will not be a surprise that
people will opt for renewable energy sources for them to
cushion themselves from the impact of price changes.
References
Pam Sadowski, SSSD. (2017). NAICS Search. Retrieved from
https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/sssd/naics/naicsrch?chart=2017
PricewaterhouseCoopers. (2018). Oil and Gas Trends 2018-19.
Retrieved from
https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/gx/en/insights/industry-
trends/2018-oil-gas.html

3. Assignment 2: Final Report
Due Week 9, worth 175 points
This assignment is aligned to this course outcome:
· Apply macroeconomic concepts to current and personal
economic events and decisions.
In addition to writing about macroeconomic concepts, it's
equally important to be able to convey your understanding of
these concepts by communicating them to others. In the
workplace you might do this by writing briefs (like you did for
Assignment 1), creating presentations, or writing reports for
your manager or team. An example final report and optional
template are provided below.
For this Final Report assignment, you can build off your
previous economic brief and selected industry from Assignment
1, or you can select another industry such as Finance and
Insurance, Health Care, or Manufacturing, and examine one of
the macroeconomic indicators or policies below:
· GDP growth
· Unemployment rates
· Inflation rates
· Interest rates
· Imports and exports
· Government fiscal policy and issues related to taxation,
government spending, and budget deficits
· FED (central bank) monetary policy and issues related to the
FED’s mission to stabilize the economy
Example Final Report, Assignment 2 Template, Strayer Writing
Standards
1. Review an example final report.
2. Use the optional template to help you get started.
3. Review the Strayer Writing Standards. (See Instructions
below.)
Instructions
Use Microsoft Word to prepare a Final Report that is a
minimum of two to three (2-3) pages long in which you:
1. Introduce your selected industry with a brief one-paragraph

4. introduction. Refer to the NAICS (North American Industry
Classification System) to review the details about your industry.
2. Assess your selected industry’s relative size and growth rate
in the economy.
These macroeconomic resources will help you find the size and
growth rate of your industry in the U.S. economy and/or relative
to GDP:
• Real GDP – Select Section 1, then table 1.1.6 (select MODIFY
to change the year range and frequency). Data is from Bureau of
Economic Analysis (bea.gov).
• % Change in Real GDP – Select Section 1, then table 1.1.1
(select MODIFY to change the year range and frequency). Data
is from Bureau of Economic Analysis (bea.gov).
• GDP by Industry – Steps:
1. Select "Interactive Data."
2. Select "Industry Data Tables."
3. Select "Begin Using the Data."
4. Select "Gross Output by Industry."
5. Select "Real Gross Output by Industry (A) (Q)."
6. Select “Quarterly” or “Annual.”
7. Select "Next Step." Data is from Bureau of Economic
Analysis (bea.gov).
• % Change in GDP by Industry - Steps:
1. Select "Interactive Data."
2. Select "Industry Data Tables."
3. Select "Begin Using the Data."
4. Select "Gross Output by Industry."
5. Select "Percent Changes in Chain-Type Quantity Indexes for
Gross Output by Industry (A) (Q)."
6. Select “Quarterly” or “Annual.”
7. Select "Next Step." Data is from Bureau of Economic
Analysis (bea.gov).
3. Identify one newsworthy macroeconomic indicator or policy
(e.g., GDP, unemployment, inflation rates, interest rates,
government taxation and spending decisions, and/or FED
decisions) that the industry should monitor and explain why it’s

5. important and how it might impact your selected industry.
These resources are available to help you measure and track
macroeconomic indicators and outcomes of macroeconomic
policies.You’ll use one or more depending on the
macroeconomic indicator selected.
• Unemployment rates – Data is from Bureau of Labor Statistics
(bls.gov).
• Inflation rates as measured by the Consumer Price Index
(CPI). Data is from Bureau of Labor Statistics (bls.gov).
• % Change in Real Exports and Imports - Select Section 4, then
table 4.2.1. (Select MODIFY to change the year range and
frequency.) Data is from Bureau of Economic Analysis
(bea.gov).
• Government receipts, expenditures, and savings – Select
Section 3, then table 3.1 for total government and table for 3.2
for federal government. (Select MODIFY to change the year
range and frequency.) Data is from the Bureau of Economic
Analysis (bea.gov).
• FED Funds Interest Rates. Data is from Trading Economics
(tradingeconomics.com).
4. Describe a recent trend in the macroeconomic indicator or
policy. Include a graph, chart, or table that illustrates the
observed trend.
5. Summarize how you think this industry will perform in the
future. Provide support for your rationale.
6. This course requires use of Strayer Writing Standards (SWS).
The format is different compared to other Strayer University
courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS
documentation for details. (Note: You’ll be prompted to enter
your Blackboard login credentials to view these standards.)
·
· Your brief should include a cover page.
· Your brief should be a minimum of two to three (2-3) pages in
length (not including the cover page), double-spaced, 12-point
font.
· Your report should include a minimum of two (2)

6. references/citations in the text.
a: int
b: int
c: str
s1: str
s2: undefined
w: int
x: int
y: int
z: int
a: int
b: str
c: undefined
l1: list
l2: list
k1: str
k2: str
k3: undefined
k4: str
l1: list
l2: list
l3: list
l4: undefined
a: int
b: int

7. a: int
b: int
c: int
d: str
k: bool
m: int
n: str
COSC4315/COSC6345: Determining Data Types in a Dynamic
Language
1 Introduction
Python is interpreted. Here we will take the other route. You
will create a ”compiler” program to determine
or infer the data type of each variable. The input source code
will be: Python. This “compiler”-style program
will be developed in C++. The output will be a list of variables
with their data types, unless the data type
cannot be determined. This list should be alphabetically sorted.
Your program will use regular expression to recognize
identifiers, numbers and strings. Your program
will use a simplified context-free grammar to recognize
arithmetic expressions with ’+’. In order to detect
data types you will have to perform a partial evaluation using an
attribute grammar to extend the parse tree.
Your program does not have to generate intermediate or object
code, but this will be required in a future
homework.
The data types in Python will be: bool, int, str, list, undefined.

8. Notice it is not necessary to treat them as
objects.
2 Input
The input is one source code file. The programs will contain the
following statements: assignment with
arithmetic expressions, function calls, if/else and while
statements, function definitions with up to 2 argu-
ments (like the HW on artimetic operators). The main arithmetic
operators will be the ’+’ and ’*’ operator.
The variables can be numbers, strings or lists. In the case of
numbers + means addition, for strings it means
concatenation and for lists union. Notice ’*’ is not available for
strings or lists; we will ignore Python’s
string repetition. The if condition will be one comparison (no
and/or).
You can assume the program will be syntactically correct:
detecting syntax errors will be tackled in a
future assignment. You can assume the input source code has no
class definitions, no advanced library calls
(e.g. Pandas), and no recursive functions. You can assume there
will be no function calls to convert data
types (casting). You can assume lists will not mix data types.
3 Program and output specification
The main program should be called ”gettype.cpp”.
Your program will be compiled:
g++ gettype.cpp -o ˜/bin/gettype
Call syntax from the OS prompt (rename a.out!):

9. # if in PATH or ˜/bin
gettype file=program1.py
# default
./gettype file=program1.py
3.1 Input and Output:
You will be given a python program as your input file
(program1.py).
Your output should be a list of all variables alphabetically
sorted with each variable, a colon and its data
type. Do not include any other information.
Example of output:
a: int
c: undefined
cond: bool
l1: list
s: str
4 Requirements
• You should store all the identifiers in some efficient data
structure (search time time O(1) or O(log(n))).
These include variable and function identifiers.
• The arithmetic expressions can have up to 8 operands
combining + * () and function calls.
• The input is one .py file and it is self-contained (this file will
not import other py files).
• You do not have to evaluate any python statement throughout

10. the program. The goal of the homework
is to determine data types.
• In Python a list can mix data types, but in this homework we
will take a stricter approach by displaying
a warning when at least one element in the list has a data type
conflict with respect to the other ones.
• If one variable is undefined in an expression then entire result
is undefined. Therefore, its data type is
undefined.
• It is acceptable to have one variable instance, overwriting the
previous occurrence. That is, you do
not have to create new objects.
• You cannot use an existing Python parser. You have to build
your own.
• You should use and explore the Python interpreter to verify
correctness of your program (use type()
in python to verify). Keep in mind this homework is asking you
to develop a ”stricter interpreter” that
performs more static data type checking than the standard
Python interpreter.
• The program is required to detect data type conflicts. The
program does not have to evaluate the
Python expressions to produce a result.
• You have to create a ”binding” data structure to track data
types; which must be clearly highlighted in
your readme file.

11. • There will not be ”cast” or type conversion function calls
since that would require to track types in
functions.
• The program should not halt when encountering syntax or data
type errors in the input source code.
• Optional: For each variable you can store its data type and a
list of lines where it was set or changed.
• Your program should write error messages to a log file (and
optionally to the screen). Your program
should not crash, halt unexpectedly or produce unhandled
exceptions. Consider empty input, zeroes
and inconsistent information. Each exception will be -10.
• Test cases: Your program will be tested with 10 test scripts,
going from easy to difficult. If your
program fails an easy test script 10-20 points will be deducted.
A medium difficulty test case is 10
points off. Difficult cases with specific input issues or complex
algorithmic aspects are worth 5 points.
• You can assume the given python program will be clean and
there will be no syntax error. 70% of the
grade for each test case will be to detect errors and 30% of the
grade will be for detecting warnings.
Your program must print error where python shows error. You
do not have to print all the warnings.
• A program not submitted by the deadline is zero points. A
non-working program is worth 10 points.
A program that does some computations correctly, but fails
several test cases (especially the easy
ones) is worth 50 points. Only programs that work correctly
with most input files that produce correct

12. results will get a score of 80 or higher. In general, correctness
is more important than speed.
• Your program will be initially executed using an automated
script. So, make sure you follow the
filename and syntax format given in Section 3.
a: int
b: undefined