Indian Political System Gender Equality In India Transition to Democracy Essay Electoral Malpractices Essay India’s Aging Population Democracy Essay

1. Indian Political System
According to our Constitution, India is a "sovereign secular socialist democratic republic." It has 28
states and seven Union Territories. With a population of approximately 112 crore, India happens to
be the largest democracy in the world. Indian polity is a multi–party democracy, based on the adult
franchise system of voting. That is any Indian citizen of 18 and above, who is not debarred by law,
can vote in the Indian elections, at national, state and local levels.
India is a parliamentary democracy and a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic,
where the Prime Minister is the head of government. He or she should be chosen by the MPs
(Member of Parliaments) of the ruling party or the coalition that comes to power, and...show more
content...
The Vice President has to temporarily assume the role of President in the event of the death,
resignation, or removal of the President, until a new President is chosen by the electoral college.
The Vice President of India may also act temporarily as President, during the absence or illness of
the President. The Vice President of India is also the Ex–officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Mohammad Hamid Ansari is the present Vice President of India.
Executive, Legislature and Judiciary
With the Union Government and State Governments wrest the executive power, while the legislative
power is vested on the Union Government and the two houses of Indian Parliament– the Lok Sabha
and Rajya Sabha– and also the State Government and two state legislatures–Vidhan Sabha and
Vidhan Parishad. However, here it deserves a mention that only five of India's 28 states have
Vidhan Parishad or Legislative Council, which is also known as the upper house of state
legislatures, along with the Vidhan Sabha. The rest of the states don't have bicameral legislatures,
and only have Vidhan Sabha or Legislative Assembly. Each state also has a Governor, who is
formally appointed by the President of India. The role of the Governor is somewhat similar to that
of President in the national level; he is a titular head of the state in normal circumstances, but can
exercise some powers when directed by the Union Government.
The judiciary is the third arm of the governance, which is
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2. Gender Equality In India
India is said to be the largest democracy in the world with its population of over one billion people.
When coining the term democracy, one would think of a society characterized by formal equality of
rights and privileges. The largest gap of equality in Indian society is the inequality between Indian
women and Indian men. India is ranked 87th out of 144 in the Global Gender Gap Index,
illuminating the need for change in Indian culture. India has an immense way to go for its citizens to
be given a true democracy. People of other countries would view India's mistreatment of women
worse in comparison to the rest of the world. Many films and works play on this notion, appealing
to the West's view on India. Many westerners view Indian women as slaves subjected to obey any
command from the patriarchy. Many Hollywoodesque films and documentaries on India portray
India as lawless, with Indian women turning into vigilantes to achieve justice. Although these films
do present truth on the issues of separation between gender in India, they don't touch on the
progression India has made towards gender equality. Films such as Bandit Queen and Born Into
Brothels focus on this idea that India's gender issue is unresolvable unless foreign intervention
occurs, however India is making progression through the collective efforts of many women, like
Sampat Pal, and those involved in the Gulabi Gang illuminated in Pink Sari Revolution. India is not
doomed to remain 87th in the Global Gender Gap,
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3. Transition to Democracy Essay
Since the initiation of the Third Wave of Democracy, several countries have attempted to form a
democratic system of governs. We take note that not all have succeeded. At the dawn of this era,
democracy was being applied to countries with no prior history of a governing body that was place
by the people for the people hence success of such a system could not be guaranteed because of the
innumerous variables that existed in each country. People being the highlighted factor of variance, it
may become easier to understand how countries such as Pakistan and Nigeria, both countries prior to
the Wave had no local governing machinery. Pakistan further endured a partition from India which
resulted in not only an instant religious and...show more content...
The Spanish citizens were not always necessarily tormented by tyrants, whose political ideologies
only reflected what benefited themselves. From 1931– 1936 , the second republic was formed in
Spain where they established a free democratic setting and "For the first time a major breakthrough
was made in regional autonomy, indispensable for the development of a stable modern democracy in
Spain" 1. Spain currently is a parliamentary representative democratic constitutional monarchy. Its
branch of powers is separated in to two, where the executive power lies with the government and
the legislative power is delegated to the Spanish parliament. Due to this structure it is very
arduous for political figures in states and governments to abuse their power. The executive power
in Spain is given to the Council of Minister's, which is led by the Spanish prime minister. The
Prime Minister is initially nominated by the king where after he is required to obtain the vote of
the lower house of parliament, and finally the king appoints the prime minister. Spain's legislature
is elected directly. The Spanish legislature branch consists of the congress of deputies and the
senate whom serve for a period no more than 4 years. The senate is elected through bloc voting at
a provincial level. The congress on the other hand is similar yet different, as it is at a provincial level
as well. Two members are allocated for each province; the number of
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4. Electoral Malpractices
Electoral Malpractices
Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an election. Acts of fraud affect vote
counts to bring about an election result, whether by increasing the vote share of the favored
candidate, depressing the vote share of the rival candidates, or both. Many kinds of election fraud are
outlawed in electoral legislation, but others are in violation of general laws, such as those banning
assault, harassment or libel. Although technically the term 'electoral fraud' covers only those acts
which are illegal, the term is sometimes used to describe acts which are legal but nevertheless
considered morally unacceptable, outside the spirit of electoral laws, or in violation of the principles
of democracy. Show...show more content...
Disenfranchisement
The composition of an electorate may also be altered by disenfranchising some types of people,
rendering them unable to vote. In some cases, this may be done at a legislative level, for example
by passing a law banning prison inmates, recent immigrants or members of a particular ethnic or
religious group from voting, or by instituting a literacy or other test which members of some
groups are more likely to fail. Since this is done by lawmakers, it cannot be election fraud, but may
subvert the purposes of democracy. This is especially so if members of the disenfranchised group
were particularly likely to vote a certain way.
Intimidation
Voter intimidation involves putting undue pressure on a voter or group of voters so that they
will vote a particular way, or not at all. Absentee and other remote voting can be more open to
some forms of intimidation as the voter does not have the protection and privacy of the polling
location. Intimidation can take a range of forms. * Violence or the threat of violence: In its
simplest form, voters from a particular demographic or known to support a particular party or
candidate are directly threatened by supporters of another party or candidate or by those hired by
them. In other cases, supporters of a particular party make it known that if a particular village or
neighborhood is found to have voted the 'wrong' way,
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5. Essay India’s Aging Population
India is the largest democracy in the world, a nuclear power and a merging economy (BBC News).
Currently, India is the second most populous country and according to United Nations' projection it
will surpass China and become the most populated by 2028 (UN news). In 2028, both China and
India are predicted to have 1.45 billion, but China's population will decrease thereafter whereas
India's will continue to increase. This fact implies China's controversial population control
mechanisms will be successful, while India's will fail. India dabbled in forced sterilization
(vasectomy) in the 1970s; where only men with over two children were suppose to be sterilized;
however due to abuse and corruption, many unintended men (and women) "were...show more
content...
Countries with such an outlook (family–orientated) will always have high birth rates. Additionally,
cultural notions about family, marriage and children change over centuries because such notions are
passed down through generations, so they change slowly. Sharma's personal article is as recent as
March 2014 and it shows present–day India. Overtime, these notions are going to change as
illustrated by the population decline after 2060. However for the time being cultural attitudes
towards marriage and children will cause India's population to grow.
Natural increase of the population occurs when crude birth rate is higher than the crude death
rate. In 2013 World Factbook reports the crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) as
20.24 and 7.39 respectively, which means the natural increase is 12.85 people per 1000. The
CBR is almost three times as much as the CDR, which implies that the total fertility rate (TFR) is
high, but surprisingly it is only 2.55. Ideally countries want TFR to be 2.1 as it means the country
is replacing its population (for each death there is a birth). Arguably, TFR can be any number
between two and three because humans can only be measured with whole numbers and the basic
point is TFR needs to be just a little higher than 2, so 3 (closest whole number). Considering the
fact India is already overpopulated, the TFR means the population will keep growing seeing that as
people die, they are already replaced. For India, the
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6. Democracy Essay
Democracy may be a word familiar to most, but still I would like to mention the fact that demos
means pertaining to people and kratios means to rule. Thus this word original coined by the
Greeks means rule of people as a whole and not by an individual or a privileged soul. It is a concept
still misunderstood and misused in some parts of the world where totalitarian regimes and
dictatorships have witnessed popular support by usurping democratic labels like in Iraq and Pakistan.
By the dictionary definition, democracy is government by the people in which the supreme power
is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free
electoral system. In a famous phrase of Abraham Lincoln, democracy is a...show more content...
In the name of the people, such authorities can deal with complex public issues in an intellectual and
step–by–step manner that requires an investment of time and energy that is often impractical for the
vast majority of common citizens. How such officials are elected can vary enormously. On the
national level, for example, legislators can be chosen from districts that each elect a single
representative. In India there is a system of proportional representation, each political party is
represented in the legislature according to its percentage of the total vote nationwide. Whatever the
method used, public officials in a representative democracy hold office due to majority. But there is
always a fine balance between Majority rule and Minority rights.
It was with India's first democratic leader, Nehru, that the Indian people were initially introduced
to democracy. The Indian people live in a very different type of society when compared to the
other democratic nations of the world. The Indians were agricultural people and not very
industrialized. By Nehru choosing democracy over industrialization, it has taken a lot of time for
the idea of industry to catch on. It has only been recently that the Indians have become a part of the
computer software industry. The main source of income in India is still crops. Even though India
adopted a democratic constitution in 1950, democracy as both a form of government and as an
organizing
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