This document provides instructions for making manure through a composting process using kitchen waste. It explains that manure is a valuable organic material produced from animal waste, composting, and organic waste management. The document then outlines the materials and methods for setting up a compost bin using a pot, filling it with a mix of food scraps, leaves, and straw. It describes the composting process, including layers of waste, inoculum, and moisture regulation. It notes that after 30-35 days, brown colored compost powder can be used as quality manure for crops. Observation showed the process produced 6kg of compost from vegetable and fruit peels over 30-35 days.

1. MANURE
MAKING
(MOOC)
Submitted by
Albert J. Elookunnel

2. INTRODUCTION
Awareness on organic farming is an urgent need of the hour , as it provides the choice of a “healthy
life”.
•. Manure is a valuable organic material that plays a crucial role in agriculture and environmental
sustainability. It is a byproduct of animal husbandry, composting, and other organic waste
management practices.
•Manure consists of animal feces along with bedding materials, such as straw or sawdust, and may
also contain urine, leftover feed, and other organic matter.
•Manures are plant and animal wastes that are used as sources of plant nutrients. They release
nutrients after their decomposition.
•Organic manures increase the organic matter in the soil.

3. Materials and methods
1. Kitchen wastes included vegetable waste, food waste etc. Waste shall be devoid of plastics, oily
materials, bottles and liquefied food wastes.
2. A compost bin
The compost bin is washed and made disinfected. Then an area was chosen in the garden that is out of the
way that no one will walk on.
Then a hole is digged in the soil in the size of the pot.
The compost bin is placed in the hole and backfilled with soil around the sides of the pot.
The pot is filled with a mix of food scraps, fall leaves and straw.
The ingredients are mixed together and then a piece of cardboard, bowl or a pot tray is placed on top to
cover.

4. Composting process
Large compost bins of Cement/Terracotta are the simplest and cheapest containers for kitchen waste
composting. The base holes of the pot are closed. At the bottom of the pot a layer of coir pith is spread at 1 inch
thickness. Above this layer, spread the kitchen waste of the day. Over this layer, add the composting inoculum at
5 g per kg of bio waste. The bin may be covered with a tile or wooden plank. This process of filling and
addition of inoculum may be continued daily.
The moisture within the bin has to be regulated by spreading coir pith or dry leaves. It may take 25 to 30
days to fill one pot. Stirring the contents of the pot for a while accelerates the decomposition process. After 30 to
35 days of the last filling, the compost is taken out. The brown colored compost in powder form is quality
manure that can be used for nourishing crops including vegetables.

6. Observation and data collection
The composting process has been closely observed. The compost bin was placed in a site
where the direct sunlight was not available. The kitchen waste used contained vegetables
and fruits peels. To prevent the attack by worms, crushed dry leaves along with soil were
added into the composting mixture.
After 30 to 35 days of the last filling, the compost was checked and taken out. The compost
obtained was weighted up to 6 kg.

7. Photos

8. Conclusion
 Process of breaking down the organic waste in the presence of air and water using micro
organisms and small insects present in nature is composting.
 The end product is called compost which is rich in readily usable plant nutrients forming a
part of healthy soil.
 One of the key advantages of manure making is its role in improving soil fertility.
 Manure contains essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are
crucial for plant growth and development.
 By applying manure to the soil, these nutrients are replenished, promoting healthy plant
growth, increased yields, and improved crop quality.

9. THANK YOU