latin presentation on African Romance Language.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•25 views
Research presentation
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to latin presentation on African Romance Language.pptx
Similar to latin presentation on African Romance Language.pptx (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
latin presentation on African Romance Language.pptx
- 1. JOHN Henry
- 2. BEFORE AND AFTER THE ROMAN CONQUEST
- 3. Map of the Roman Empire in 117. Photos: https://www.edmaps.com/html/roman_empire_117.html
- 5. Carthage (Tunisia) Modern reconstruction of Punic Carthage. The circular harbor at the front is the Cothon, the military port of Carthage, where all of Carthage's warships (Biremes) were anchored
- 6. Carthage Mauretania, Tangeria, Altavia, Alania, Numidia, Punice, and Girba with surrounding countries.
- 7. Punic language Punic language. (2022, October 25). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punic_language Tifinagh (Tuareg Berber language)
- 8. Invasion by the romans The Catapult. This shows Roman soldiers manning a siege engine for an attack on the walls of Carthage, during the siege which ended in the destruction of Carthage in 146 BC.
- 9. the remains today of part of ancient Carthage This place is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, listed as Archaeological Site of Carthage.
- 10. The amphitheatre of Thysdrus (modern El Djem, Tunisia) Photos: URL https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Noomen9
- 12. This is the picture of one of the gates at the theatre at Leptis Magna/Libya African Romance Language
- 14. Patent of Roman citizenship granted to Hasekura Tsunenaga (a Roman noble of Japanese descent)
- 15. ARAB CONQUEST
- 16. BNF Nouvelle acquisition française 886 fol. 9v (manuscriptminiatures.com, gallica.bnf.fr, nossldemo.logilab.fr) Arab conquest
- 20. Latin inscriptions from Timgad, Algeria. Photos: www.romeartlover.it A late Latin inscription from Tipasa, Algeria. Photos: www.romeartlover.it
- 21. • Evidence for a spoken Romance variety which developed locally out of Latin persisted in rural areas of Tunisia – possibly as late as the last two decades of the 15th century in some sources Inscription, forum in Leptis Magna, 5nd A.D. (Libya)
- 22. • Latin, and some Romance variant was spoken by generations of speakers, for about fifteen centuries. • This was demonstrated by African-born speakers of African Romance who continued to create Latin inscriptions until the first half of the 11th century Inscription, forum in Leptis Magna, 5nd A.D. (Libya)
- 23. Nonius Marcellus was a Roman grammarian of the 4th or 5th century AD. His only surviving work is the De compendiosa doctrina, a dictionary or encyclopedia. observes how walls in Africa and Spain are called formacei, or "framed walls, because they are made by packing in a frame enclosed between two boards, one on each side" Gaius Plinius Secundus was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, He wrote the encyclopedic Naturalis Historia (Natural History), which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. provides further, if uncertain, evidence regarding vocabulary and possible "Africanisms" Lucius Septimius Severus was a Roman emperor from 193 to 211. He was born in Leptis Magna (present-day Al-Khums, Libya) in the Roman province of Africa. is said to have retained an African accent until old age.
- 24. Saint Augustine, His De Ordine, dated to late 386,
- 25. English Berber Latin oven afarnu[89] furnus chicken afullus[76] pullus boat aɣeṛṛabu[83] carabus elevated part of the bedroom alektu[88] lectus ("bed") angel (or spiritual entity) anɣalus[64][65] angelus (large) sack asaku [96][97] saccus donkey / ass asnus[98] asinus young boy bušil[102] pusillus ("small") bearded vulture falcu / afelkun[83] falco ("falcon") locality in Tripolitania Fassaṭo[105] fossatum(?) ("ditch", e.g. as fortification) February furar[107] februārius evil spirit idaymunan[87] daemon / daemonium ("lar, household god" ; "demon, evil spirit") cultivated field iger / ižer [113] ager fig (in the stage of pollination) karḍus[83] carduus ("thistle" ; "artichoke") wall muṛu[83] murus cat qaṭṭus / takaṭṭust / yaṭṭus / ayaḍus[117][84] cattus seaweed talga[121] alga file talima / tilima / tlima[108] lima madder (red-dye) tarubi / tarubya / tarrubya / awrubya / tṛubya[106] rubia ladder taskala[88] scala ("ladder" ; "stairs") pod (of pea or bean) / carob tasligwa / tasliɣwa / tisliɣwa / tasliwɣa [106][120] siliqua pine tayda[121] taeda ("pinewood") catapult tfurka[88] furca ("fork" ; "pitchfork" ; "pole" ; "stake") shoemaker's awl tissubla / tisubla / tsubla / tasubla / tasobla / tasugla / subla[108] subula field urṭu[83] hortus ("garden") Berber vocabulary: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Romance
Editor's Notes
- During the middle ages, the Roman Empire continued to expand her territories and province through various wars as the African region wasn’t left out . Ifriqiya (Arabic: إفريقية, lit. 'Africa' Ifrīqya), also known as al-Maghrib al-Adna (Arabic: المغرب الأدنى), was a medieval historical region comprising today's Tunisia and eastern Algeria, and Tripolitania (today's western Libya). The name is usually connected with Phoenician ʿafar "dust“
- The territory was originally inhabited by Berber people, known in Latin as Mauri indigenous to all of North Africa west of Egypt; in the 9th century BC, Phoenicians (Republic of Lebanon) built settlements along the Mediterranean Sea to facilitate shipping, of which Carthage rose to dominance in the 8th century BC. It was one of the wealthiest provinces in the western part of the Roman Empire, second only to Italia. Apart from the city of Carthage, other large settlements in the province were Hadrumetum (modern Sousse, Tunisia), capital of Byzacena, and Hippo Regius (modern Annaba, Algeria) until its conquest by the Roman Republic.
- The fall of Carthage came at the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BC at the Battle of Carthage and the complete destruction of the city by Scipio Aemilianus. The Romans pulled the Phoenician warships out into the harbor and burned them before the city, and went from house to house, capturing and enslaving the people. About 50,000 Carthaginians were sold into slavery. The city was set ablaze and razed to the ground, leaving only ruins and rubble. After the fall of Carthage, Rome annexed the majority of the Carthaginian colonies, including other North African locations such as Volubilis, Lixus, Chellah.
- The Punic language, also called Phoenicio-Punic or Carthaginian, is an extinct variety of the Phoenician language, a Canaanite language of the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages. An offshoot of the Phoenician language of coastal West Asia (modern Lebanon and western Syria), it was principally spoken on the Mediterranean coast of Northwest Africa, and the Iberian peninsula and several Mediterranean islands such as Malta, Sicily and Sardinia by the Punic people, or western Phoenicians, throughout classical antiquity, from the 8th century BC to the 6th century AD. Punic has 22 consonants
- Tifinagh Lamguage (Berber) is descended from the ancient Libyco-Berber alphabet.[1] The traditional Tifinagh, sometimes called Tuareg Tifinagh, is still favored by the Tuareg Berbers of the Sahara desert in southern Algeria, northeastern Mali, northern Niger and northern Burkina Faso for use writing the Tuareg Berber language.
- The fall of Carthage came at the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BC at the Battle of Carthage and the complete destruction of the city by Scipio Aemilianus (known as Scipio Aemilianus or Scipio Africanus the Younger, a Roman general and statesman noted for his military exploits in the Third Punic War against Carthage and during the Numantine War in Spain.
- The Romans pulled the Phoenician warships out into the harbor and burned them before the city, and went from house to house, capturing and enslaving the people. About 50,000 Carthaginians were sold into slavery. The city was set ablaze and razed to the ground, leaving only ruins and rubble. After the fall of Carthage, Rome annexed the majority of the Carthaginian colonies, including other North African locations such as Volubilis, Lixus, Chellah.
- After this ill-fated effort, a new city of Carthage was built on the same land by Julius Caesar in the period from 49 to 44 BC, and by the first century, it had grown to be the second-largest city in the western half of the Roman Empire, with a peak population of 500,000. It was the center of the province of Africa, which was a major breadbasket of the Empire. Among its major monuments was an amphitheater.
- The Roman military presence of Northwest Africa was relatively small, consisting of about 28,000 troops and auxiliaries in Numidia and the two Mauretanian provinces. Starting in the 2nd century AD, these garrisons were manned mostly by local inhabitants. A sizable Latin-speaking population developed that was multinational in background, sharing the northwest African region with those speaking Punic and Berber languages. Imperial security forces began to be drawn from the local population, including the Berbers. Abun-Nasr, in his A History of the Maghrib, said that "What made the Berbers accept the Roman way of life all the more readily was that the Romans, though a colonizing people who captured their lands by the might of their arms, did not display any racial exclusiveness and were remarkably tolerant of Berber religious cults, be they indigenous or borrowed from the Carthaginians. However, the Roman territory in Africa was unevenly penetrated by Roman culture. Pockets of non-Romanized Berbers continued to exist throughout the Roman period, even such as in the rural areas of the deeply romanised regions of Tunisia and Numidia.“ By the end of the Western Roman Empire nearly all of the Maghreb was fully romanised, according to Mommsen in his The Provinces of the Roman Empire. Roman Africans enjoyed a high level of prosperity. This prosperity (and romanisation) touched partially even the populations living outside the Roman limes (mainly the Garamantes and the Getuli), who were reached with Roman expeditions to Sub-Saharan Africa.
- African Romance descended from Vulgar Latin (late latin), the non-standard Classical Latin) spoken by soldiers and merchants throughout the Roman Empire. Bilingual inscriptions were engraved, some of which reflect the introduction of Roman institutions into Africa, using new Punic expressions An inscription from one of the gates to the theatre at Leptis Magna, in both Latin and Punic script.
- Carthage also became a center of early Christianity as African Romance was linked to Christianity, which survived in North Africa (outside of Egypt) until the 14th century
- The willing acceptance of Roman citizenship by members of the ruling class in African cities produced such Roman Africans as the comic poet Terence, the rhetorician Fronto of Cirta, the jurist Salvius Julianus of Hadrumetum, the novelist Apuleius of Madauros, the emperor Septimius Severus of Lepcis Magna, the Christians Tertullian and Cyprian of Carthage, and Arnobius of Sicca and his pupil Lactantius; the angelic doctor Augustine of Thagaste, the epigrammatist Luxorius of Vandal Carthage, and perhaps the biographer Suetonius, and the poet Dracontius. — Paul MacKendrick, The North African Stones Speak (1969), UNC Press, 2000, p.326
- Prior to the Arab conquest in 696–705 AD, a Romance language was probably spoken alongside Berber languages in the region.
- The Battle of Yarmouk On August 20, 636, the Rashidun Caliphate forces commanded by Kahlid bin Walid and Abu Ubaidah ended the Byzantine armies at the plain of Yarmouk. Which lead to the end of Roman rule in Africa.
- The Umayyad administration did at first utilize the local Latin language in coinage from Carthage and Kairouan in the early 7th century, displaying Latin inscriptions of Islamic phrases such as D[e]us tu[us] D[e]us et a[li]us non e[st] ("God is your God and there is no other"), a variation of the shahada, or Muslim declaration of faith. Afterwards, a vernacular Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb region, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania.
- Some scholars theorise that many of the North African invaders of Hispania in the Early Middle Ages spoke some form of African Romance, with "phonetic, morphosyntactic, lexical and semantic data" from African Romance appearing to have contributed in the development of Ibero-Romance
- Saint Augustine, who was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia (Algeria), Roman North Africa. Indeed in his De Ordine, dated to late 386, Augustine remarks how he was still criticised by the Italians for his pronunciation, while he himself often found fault with theirs. Augustine of Hippo's testimony on how ōs ("mouth") in Latin was to African ears indistinguishable from ŏs ("bone") also indicates the merger of vowels and the loss of the original allophonic quality distinction in vowels