Submit Search
Upload
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
•
Download as PPTX, PDF
•
0 likes
•
2 views
N
nikhilmudgal5
Follow
diwali basath ki
Read less
Read more
Entertainment & Humor
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 85
Download now
Recommended
gen of computer.pptx
gen of computer.pptx
nikhilmudgal5
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
Marius Sescu
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Expeed Software
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Pixeldarts
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
ThinkNow
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
marketingartwork
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Technologies
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
Neil Kimberley
Recommended
gen of computer.pptx
gen of computer.pptx
nikhilmudgal5
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
2024 State of Marketing Report – by Hubspot
Marius Sescu
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Everything You Need To Know About ChatGPT
Expeed Software
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage Engineerings
Pixeldarts
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental Health
ThinkNow
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdf
marketingartwork
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Culture Code
Skeleton Technologies
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
PEPSICO Presentation to CAGNY Conference Feb 2024
Neil Kimberley
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
contently
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
Albert Qian
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Kurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Search Engine Journal
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
SpeakerHub
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
Clark Boyd
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
Tessa Mero
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Lily Ray
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
Rajiv Jayarajah, MAppComm, ACC
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
Christy Abraham Joy
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Vit Horky
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
MindGenius
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
RachelPearson36
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Applitools
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
GetSmarter
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
Alireza Esmikhani
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
Project for Public Spaces & National Center for Biking and Walking
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
DevGAMM Conference
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Erica Santiago
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Saba Software
More Related Content
Featured
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
contently
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
Albert Qian
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Kurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Search Engine Journal
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
SpeakerHub
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
Clark Boyd
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
Tessa Mero
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Lily Ray
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
Rajiv Jayarajah, MAppComm, ACC
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
Christy Abraham Joy
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Vit Horky
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
MindGenius
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
RachelPearson36
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Applitools
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
GetSmarter
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
Alireza Esmikhani
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
Project for Public Spaces & National Center for Biking and Walking
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
DevGAMM Conference
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Erica Santiago
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Saba Software
Featured
(20)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
Content Methodology: A Best Practices Report (Webinar)
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
1.
Lkkax dk uke
%& fnokyh cklB dh lanHkZ (yksd ukV~; izk#i)
2.
yksdlaLÑfr ,oa yksdlaxhr
esjs fç; ys[kdh; fo"k; jgs gSaA jkxuh fo/kk esa nks iqLrdsa ^yksdjkx* o ^,d c[k+r Fkk* ds vykok lelkf;d fo"k;ksa ij lSdM+ksa jkxfu;ksa dh jpuk blh #fp&vfHk#fp dk çfrQy gSA T;ksa gh dyk mRlo dh u;h vo/kkj.kk dh tkudkjh feyh & pkjksa fo/kkvksa ds fy, lksp&fopkj dh l`tukRedrk ls xqtjk rFkk lHkh ds fy, dqN u;k çk:i cuk;kA foyqIr gksxh lkax fo/kk ds fy, gfj;k.kk dh LoÆ.ke lSfud ijEijk dks eq[; fo"k; pqukA Hkkjr&phu ds ;q) ds ,d ekÆed i{k dks dFkkud dk dsUæh; i{k ysdj csVh dks js[kkafdr djus dk ç;kl fd;kA lkax ds ewy Lo:i dks lgtus dh dksf'k'k gS] ftlds lnaHkZ esa lq/kh n'kZdksa] çcq)oxZ ds fopkjksa ,oa lq>koksa dk Lokxr gS--- 1 flracj 2015 ys[kd ,oa funsZ'kd dh vksj ls---
3.
^dyk mRlo&2015* ds
varxZr yksdukV~; çLrqfr ¼lkax½ ds cgqvk;keh i{kksa ds fy, viuk çsjd ;ksxnku ,oa ekxZn'kZu nsus okys lHkh egkuqHkkoksa dk eSa ân; ls vkHkkjh gwa ftuesa ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh Jh /keZchj cYMksfn;k ¼ftUgksaus fu;ekoyh ds lkFk fujUrj ekxZn'kZu Hkh fd;k½ çkpk;Z Jh jktdqekj tyok ¼ftUgksaus çkajHk ls gh çksRlkgu fn;k½ lg;ksxh MkW- gfjçdk'k] Jh vt; 'kekZ] Jhifr th] bZ'oj flag ¼ftUgksaus lkax ds dyk ,oa laxhr i{k dks fu[kkjk½ esjh v/kk±fxuh] foKku v/;kfidk Jherh xhrk % dFkkud fopkj gsrq lg;ksxh Jh /kesZUæ DydZ ,oa Jherh lqeu ;kno ¼ftUgksaus bZ&çkstsDV gsrq cgqeq[kh rS;fj;ksa esa lg;ksx fn;k½ lkax ds lHkh ckjg dykdkj ¼ftUgksaus fujUrj lk/kuk tkjh j[kh½ LVkQ ,oa fo|kFkhZx.k ¼ftUgksaus dbZ eapu >sys o vueksy lq>ko fn,½ mijksDr ds vykok eSa vkHkkj O;Dr djuk pkgwaxk dyk] laLÑfr jaxeap ,oa laxhr ls tqM+s mu lHkh egkuqHkkoksa dk ftUgksaus le;≤ ij lkax ds lEcfU/kr dFkkud ,oa fofHkUu i{kksa ls tqM+h esjh Hkzkafr;ksa dk fuokj.k fd;k rFkk bl u;s ekSfyd ç;ksx ds fy, esjk rFkk Vhe dk fujarj gkSalyk c<+krs gq, ekxZn'kZu fd;kA vkHkk j---
4.
5.
gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl)
yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky] jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;] laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn] u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA L=ksr
6.
orZeku lkax] Hkxr]
ukSaVdh dk iwoZ :i ;k i;kZ; gSA ^lkax* 'kCn dk laca/k laLÑr ds fdl 'kCn ls gS] ;g dguk vfuf'pr gS] fdUrq ;g Lokax dk rn~Hko :i Kkr gksrk gSA Lokax dk vFkZ gksrk gS & Hks"k Hkjuk] :i Hkjuk] udy djukA bl çns'k ¼gfj;k.kk½ esa ^lkax Hkjuk* ,d yksdksfDr çpfyr gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS :i Hkjuk] :i cukukA lkax D;k gS
7.
izkphudky esa lkax
ds vius lewg gksrs FksA ,d izeq[k ds lkFk nl&ckjg dykdkj gksrs Fks A os lHkh oxksZa ,oa tkfr;ksa ls gksrs Fks] ,d lekurk gksrh FkhA os lc vPNs xk;d] oknd ,oa ys[kd gksrs Fks A gfj;k.kk ds gj {ks= esa dqN lkaxh csgn izfl} jgs gS A yksx rhl&pkyhl dksl iSny pydj lkax ns[kus tkrs Fks A ox Z
8.
ukVd ,oa yksdukV~;
esa varj dsoy ifj"dkj] laLdkj] fu;eikyu ;k dks yksdukVd u dgdj yksdeap dgk tkrk gS] Lokax] ukSVadh] HkaxM+k] HkokbZ] rek'kk] Hkxr vkfn dk eapA bldk dkj.k lg gS fd ukBd esa ^oLrq* rFkk ^çLqrfr* nksuksa i{k ç/kku gksrs gSa] tcfd yksdukV~; esa çLrqfr i{k gh ç/kku gksrk gS] oLrq i{k ughaA lkax ,oa ukVd esa vUrj
9.
gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl)
yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky] jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;] laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn] u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA os'kHkw"kk
10.
gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl)
yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky] jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;] laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn] u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA os'kHkw"kk
11.
v/;;u ds fy,
fdlh lkfgR; dk oxhZdj.k t:jh gSA MkW- 'kadjyky ;kno us gfj;k.kh lkax ds leLr bfrgkl dks rhu Hkkxksa dks oxhZÑr fd;k gSA 1- iwoZ nhipUn ;qx 2- nhipUn ;qx 3- mÙkj nhipUn ;qx ijUrq MkW- j?kqchj flag eFkkuk us ^gfj;k.kk yksdukV~; ijEijk ,oa dfo f'kjksef.k ia0 ekaxsjke* uked iqLrd esa gfj;k.koh lkax dk oxhZdj.k bl çdkj fd;k gS & 1- iwoZ y[ehpUn ;qx 2- y[ehpUn ;qx 3- mÙkj y[ehpUn ;qx D;kasfd ia0 nhipUn gfj;k.koh lkax ds çkjfEHkd ;qx esa vkrs gSa vkSj e/; fcUnq fdlh Hkh fo/kk ds fodkl dk pje fcUnq gksrk gSA fgUnh dFkk lkfgR; esa tks LFkku eqU'kh çsepUn dk gS] gfj;k.koh lkax lkfgR; esa ia0 y[ehpUn dk gSA lkax dk oxhZdj.k
12.
ukSoha lnh esa
^fl} d.gIik* us ^Mksfeuh* ds lkFk Lokax djus dk vkg~oku ;ksx lk/kuk ds lanHkZ esa fd;k gSA Mksfefu;ksa ds LOkkax dh 'kSyh vkt Hkh mÙkj Hkkjr ds fn[kkbZ nsrh gS ftlesa lHkh ik=ksa dk vfHku; Mkse tkfr dh ukfj;ksa }kjk xhr vkSj ok| ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA laØe.k ;qx ¼1200 bZ- ls 1750bZ- rd½
13.
ia0 jkefd'kuyjky C;kl
dk ekuuk gS fd 13oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaHk esa gh lkax vfLrRo esa vk x;k FkkA mUgksaus ukjukSy fuoklh xqtjkrh czkã.k fcgkjhyky ls lkax ds mn~Hko dks ekuk gSA fcgkjhyky %
14.
lu~ 1709 esa
ckyeqdqan lkaxh gq, gSA buds laca/k esa vf/kd tkudkjh ugha feyrh ijUrq blus dbZ f'k"; gq, gSa ftUgksaus lkax ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku esa fn;kA ckyeqdqUn %
15.
Jh jktkjke 'kkL=h
us lu~ 1958 esa çdkf'kr viuh iqLrd ^gfj;k.kk yksd eap dh dgkfu;ka* esa fy[kk gS fd yxHkx lok lkS lky iwoZ ftl T;ksfr dks fd'kuyky HkkV us çTofyr fd;k], 170 o"kZ ckn mlh dks ia0 nhipUn us Lo:i ifjorZu fd;kA fd'kuyky HkkV %
16.
lknqYyk ftyk xqM+xao
dh rglhy uwag ls Ng ehy nwj vkdgsM+k xzke dk fuoklh FkkA yxHkx 300 o"kZ iwoZ gtjr lknqYyk dk oak vkdgsM+k esa jktLFkku ls vkdj clk FkkA lknqYyk }kjk jfpr egkHkkjr dks ^ik.Mwu dk dM+k* dgk tkrk gSA iaMwu dk dM+k esoktr {ks= dh tu&egkHkkjr gSA lknqYyk us bldh jpuk lu~ 1987 esa dh FkhA gtjr lknqYyk %
17.
lkaxh calhyky ds
laca/k esa dksbZ fo'ks"k tkudkjh miyC/k ugha gSA fd'kuyky HkkV ds ckn] lkax dks lathouh calhyky us fiykbZA budk le; 1800 bZ ekuk tkrk gSA calhyky %
18.
lkax ijEijk dks
vkxs c<+kus esa vEckjke xqtjkrh czkgk.k us lu~ 1819 esa bl dyk dk çn'kZu fd;kA bl le; lkax 'Syh bruh egRoiw.kZ gks x;bZ Fkh fd ukVddkj Hkh mls viukus yx x, FksA ia0 vEckjke %
19.
19oha 'krh mÙkjk)Z
esa laxdyk dks vyhc['k dh çfrHkk dk lacy feykA buds lkaxksa dh /kwe gfj;k.kk] esjB o esokr esa [kwc ephA mudk dk;Zdky 1854 ls 1899 ekuk tkrk gSA vyhc['k %
20.
;ksxs'oj ckydjke xkao 'ks[kiqj]
ftyk djuky ds fuoklh FksA muds lkax iwjuey HkDr rFkk fugky ns uj lqyrku miyC/k gksrs gSaA ckydjke %
21.
Fkkuslj [k.M ds
dfFkr dfo;ksa esa lokZf/kd [;kfr feyh Fkh] Jh vnenc['k dksA mudh lkax Ük`a[kyk bl çdkj gS & jkek;.k] t;ey QÙkk] xwxk pkSgku] lksjB] pUæfdj.k] uoyns vkSj dal yhykA mu fnuksa Fkkuskj esa Hkknj dk v[kkM+k vkSj ukud dk v[kkM+k uke ls nks çfl) v[kkM+sa FksA vgenc['k Fkkusljh %
22.
rkÅ lkaxh gfj;k.kk
ds çfl) lkaxh gq, gSA budk le; 19oha 'krkCnh dk mÙkjk)Z gSA buds vlyh uke dk irk ugha pyrkA bUgksaus ^#fDe.k&fookg* uked ,d i|c) jpuk dh gSA rkÅ lkaxh %
23.
ftyk esjB esa
fLFkr xzke [ksM+h dkfleiqj ds fuoklh ia0 fd'kuyky ds lkaxksa ,oa vU; dkO;:ilsa dh Hkk"kk Hkh gfj;k.koh gh FkhA buds jfpr lkax eskj/ot] gfj'pUæ] HkDr çgykn vkSj Å"kk vfu#æA blds vfrfjDr mUgksaus Lora=k :i esa ^ckjgeklk* dh Hkh jpuk dh FkhA ia0 fd'kuyky %
24.
'kknhjke dk tUe
1889 esa dSFky ls 9&10 fdeh dh nwjh ij fLFkr ^lhou* uked dLcs esa eulkjke lqiq= rksrjke ds ?kj gqvkA mUgksaus jkek;.k] Ñ".kyhyk] m"kk&vfu#æ vkfn vusd dFkk,a fy[khA 'kknhjke %
25.
19oha 'krkCnh esa
gfj;k.kk lkax eap ij ,d çfrHkk lEiUu l'kDr O;fDrRo dk vkfoHkkZo gqvk] ftls ia0 nhipUn ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA buds çfl) lkax lksjB] lj.kns&jktk Hkkst] uy≠arh] xkshpUn egkjkt] gfj'pUæ] mÙkuikn rFkk T;kuh pksj gSA ia0 nhipUn %
26.
ia0 nhiPkUn ds
ckn ia0 l:ipUn fuoklh fnlkSj [ksM+h dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA Üka`xkj] ohj ,oa 'kkUr jlksa dh buds lkaxksa esa ç/kkurk gSA l:ipUn %
27.
ia0 nhipUn ds
f'k"; xksjM+ fuoklh gjnsok Lokeh gq,A muds çeq[k lkax ghj&jka>k] T;kuh pksj rFkk pUæfdj.k gSA gjnsok Lokeh %
28.
ftyk lksuhir ds
nfg;k [kki ds xkao fllk.kk fo0la0 1855 Jko.k dh f'kojkf= dks lukru /kehZ xk;d cnywjke ds T;s"B iq= ds :i esa gqvkA ckts Hkxr %
29.
mudk tUr lEor~
1926 esa fHkokuh esa gqvk rFkk e`R;q laor 1979 esaA buds ^etywe iatkc* vkSj nqYgk HkkVh* uked lkax çfl) gS lwjtHkku oekZ %
30.
ia0 y[ehpUn] ia0
nhipUn ds ckn lcls vf/kd [;kfr çkr lkaxh FksA budk tUe 15 tqykbZ 1903 dks lkekU; xzkeh.k ifjokj esa xkao fljlk tkaVh esa gqvkA ia0 y[ehpUn ds xq# Hktuhd ekuflag FksA ia0 y[ehpUn %
31.
ia0 ekaxsjke dk
tUe 1905 esa ekuk tkrk gSA blds firk Jh vejflag xkao lqlk.k ftyk lksuhir ds fuoklh FksA ia0 ekaxsjke %
32.
ia0 jkedqekj vghjoky
{ks= ds çeq[k lkaxh gq, gSaA jsokM+h ftys ds xzke [kkysVk ds ewy fuoklh ia0 jktdqekj dks bykds ds yksx [kkysfV;k ds uke ls tkurs gSaA mUgksaus djhc vk/kk ntZu pfpZr lkaxksa dh jpuk ,oa eapu fd;kA ia0 jkedqekj %
33.
jsokM+h ftys ds
xzke tSrM+kokl esa nfyr ifjokj esa tUesa ek- usdhjke us nf{k.kh gfj;k.kk ds vykok jktLFkku esa Hkh lkax ds {ks= esa uke dek;kA mUgha rhu ihf<+;ksa lkax dk lao)Zu Hkh fd;kA ek- usdhjke %
34.
ia0 jkekuUn xksfj;k
xkao ds ewy fuoklh Fks rFkk lkax fo/kk ds fy, >Ttj] jsokM+h] xqM+xkao rFkk egsUæx<+ ds pfpZr dykdkj jgs gSaA ia0 jkekuUn %
35.
1- gfj;k.koh lkfgR;
dk bfrgkl ¼j?kqohj flag eFkkuk@MkW- ckcwjke½ 2- gfj;k.kk ds yksd lkfgR; ¼jktkjke 'kkL=h½ 3- gfj;k.kk dk bfrgkl ¼ds-lh- ;kno½ 4- gfj;k.kk dh yksdukV~; ijEijk ¼jkeukjk;.k vxzoky½ 5- lkax ij MkW jkeQy pgy dk vkys[k 6- lkax ij jktfd'ku uSu dk vkys[k 7- lkax ij vkseçdk'k dkn;ku dk vkys[k 8- lkax ij lR;ohj ukgfM+;k dk vkys[k 9- Øe la[;k 5&6&7 ds ys[kdksa ls ukgfM+;k dh ckrphr 10- egk'k; Hkheflag ls lR;ohj ukgfM+;k dh ckrphr lanHkZ&lwph %
36.
37.
dyk mRlo dh
lwpuk oSls rks mDr mRlo ds lUnHkZ esa foHkkx dh izFke Mkd ebZ ekg esa gh vk x;h Fkh] fdUrq mlesa izk#i dh u rks Ik;kZIr tkudkjh Fkh vkSj u gh fu;ekoyh A i= esa dgk x;k Fkk fd bl laanHkZ esa foLr`r tkudkjh vkidks 'kh?kz Hksth tk;sxh A xzh"ekodk’k ds ckn Hkh mDr tkudkjh ugha fey ik;h A vxLr ekg ds izFke esa u;h Mkd ls lacfU/kr tkudkjh feyh rFkk ftyk f’k{kk vf/kdkjh Jh /keZCkhj CkYMksfn;k us Lo;a mDr fu;ekoyh iznku dj izksRlkfgr fd;k rFkk 17 vxLr ls ge bl fn’kk esa dk;Z djus yxs A ys[ku dk;Z lacfU/kr lwpuk feyrs ghs mRlo dh fu;ekoyh ds vuqlkj ys[ku dk;Z “kq# fd;k] ftlesa nks jkxfu;ka ,oa ,d lkax dk dFkkud fy[kk x;k A blesa le; lhek ,oa vU; dkj.kksa ls ,d nks ifjorZu Hkh fd, x;s A
38.
izfrHkkxh & Vhe¼dykdkj
½ dk p;u ebZ o tqykbZ ekg esa fo|ky; esa vk;ksftr dh x;h ikap & Ng ckylHkkvksa ds vk/kkj ij xk;u] vfHku; ,oa oknu ls tqM+s lacfU/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A rS;kjh i{k djhc chl fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dyk mRlo dh cgqvk;keh tkudkjh nh x;h rFkk mUgsa jkxuh o lkax ds ckjs esa le>k;k x;k A bl izfdz;k esa vius dFkkud dks mUgsa le>k;k x;k] Hkkjr&Pkhu ;q} dh ekfeZd nkLrka lquk;h x;h] lacfU/kr i{k dks UkkV~; #i ds yksd i{k ¼lkax½ esa thoar djus ds fy, fuR; fj;kt izkjEHk fd;k x;k A gj jkst ,d fu/kkZfjr izk#i dks nksgjkdj lHkh Ikk=ksa] [kkldj xk;dksa dks mudh Hkwfedk daBLFk djok;h x;h A djhc nl fjgLkZy rFkk nks Qqy Mªsl fjglZy iwjs Ldwy ds le{k eafpr dh x;h A
39.
lacfU/kr fnDdrsa ,oa
lek/kku igyh fnDdr vk jghs Fkh fd vf/kdrj Nk= foKku oxZ ds Fks rFkk csgn es/kkoh Hkh & oLrqr% os i<kbZ ds i{k dks ysdj LokHkkfod #i ls fpafrr Fks] ftlds pyrs vf/kdrj rS;kjh NqVVh ds fnu Ldwy vkdj dh x;h rFkk muds [kkyh ihjh;Ml ds eqrkfcd mudh VqdM+ksa esa rS;kjh dh x;h A nwljh fnDdr Fkh fd p;fur fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d Hkh Nk= ok|;a= ctkuk ugha tkurk Fkk A fu;ekoyh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mUgsa #fp ds eqrkfcd gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd vkfn izkFkfedrk ls fn[kk;k x;k A rhljh fnDdr] dqN Nk= efgyk ik= dk jksy fuHkkus ls drjk jgs Fks fdarq mUgsa vfHku; {ks= ,oa lkax fo/kk ds ewy Lo#i dhs izsjd tkudkjh nsdj rS;kj fd;k x;k A
40.
lacfU/kr fnDdrsa ,oa
lek/kku igyh fnDdr vk jghs Fkh fd vf/kdrj Nk= foKku oxZ ds Fks rFkk csgn es/kkoh Hkh & oLrqr% os i<kbZ ds i{k dks ysdj LokHkkfod #i ls fpafrr Fks] ftlds pyrs vf/kdrj rS;kjh NqVVh ds fnu Ldwy vkdj dh x;h rFkk muds [kkyh ihjh;Ml ds eqrkfcd mudh VqdM+ksa esa rS;kjh dh x;h A nwljh fnDdr Fkh fd p;fur fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d Hkh Nk= ok|;a= ctkuk ugha tkurk Fkk A fu;ekoyh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mUgsa #fp ds eqrkfcd gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd vkfn izkFkfedrk ls fn[kk;k x;k A rhljh fnDdr] dqN Nk= efgyk ik= dk jksy fuHkkus ls drjk jgs Fks fdarq mUgsa vfHku; {ks= ,oa lkax fo/kk ds ewy Lo#i dhs izsjd tkudkjh nsdj rS;kj fd;k x;k A
41.
dyk lao)Zu lq>ko dyk
mRlo tSls vk;kstu yksdlaLd`fr ds i{k/kj] iks’kd ,oa ltx izgjh gS & oLrqr% dyk mRlo tSls dk;Zdze izkFkfed] ek/;fed oxZ ls ghs gksuk pkfg, A foYkqIr gksrh bu yksddykvksa ds laj{k.k ds fy, {ks= ds yksddykdkjksa dks lhfer ekuns; ds lkFk Ldwyksa ls bu mRloksa esa tksM+k tk, A
42.
fjglZy
43.
fjglZy
44.
Qqy Mªsl fjglZy
45.
fjglZy@ ohfM;ks
46.
fjglZy@ ohfM;ks
47.
[kaM Lrj@ohfM;ks
48.
fjglZy@ ohfM;ks
49.
1- eqds'k iq=
Jh gfjçdk'k XI (foKku½ 2- nhid iq= Jh /kesZUæ XII ¼dyk½ 3- egs'k iq= Jh iksgi flag XII (foKku½ 4- nhid iq= Jh v'kksd ;kno XII (foKku½ 5- vt; iq= Jh jes'k dqekj XII (foKku½ 6- lqfer iq= Jh fnus'k 'kekZ XI (foKku½ 7- vuwi iq= Jh lat; dqekj XI (foKku½ 8- euh"k iq= Jh f'ko dqekj XI (foKku½ 9- fofiu iq= Jh iksgi flag IX 10- vuqjkx iq= Jh lR;iky IX 11- xksfoUn iq= Jh t;Hkxoku X 12- ccyh iq=h Jh xtjkt flag X gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh dykdkj
50.
ifjdYiuk] ys[ku ,oa
funsZ'ku % lR;ohj ukgfM+;k] çk/;kid ¼jlk;u&'kkL=½ ekxZn'kZu ,oa lg;ksx % MkW- gfjçdk'k] vt; 'kekZ] vfuy dqekj] bZ'ojflag ;kno] Jherh xhrk] Jhifr flag çsj.kk ,oa lg;ksx % Jh /keZchj cYMksfn;k ¼ ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh] jsokM+h½ Jh jktdqekj tyok ¼ çkpk;Z] jkvkoekfo chdsiqj½ Ekap ds ihNs --- gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
51.
eaxykpj.k i{k loZçFke lkax
ds eap ij lkftans vkrs gSa rFkk os oanuk dh Lojygfj;ka NsM+rs gSa & ¼/kqu % n;kdj nku HkfDr dk----½ Lojygfj;ksa ds cnyrs gh pkj u`R;kaxuk,a eap ij u`R; djrh gqbZ çdV gksrh gSa rFkk eap ds pkjksa dksuksa ij u`R; ds ckn xq#oanuk djrh gSa & lkjh nqfu;k ukprh] Hkkar&Hkkar ds ukpA dkS.k upkoS ukp lHk] ckp ldS rS ckpAA u`R; çLrqfr % ¼/kqu % ukfxu@jksy+k iry+h dej dk--½ ----var esa çeq[k lkaxh udyh ds lkFk eap ij iwjh 'kku&vks&'kkSdr ls vkrs gSaA urZfd;ka pj.k oanuk djrh gSa] udyh udy djrk gS fQj eq[; lkaxh ljLorh oanuk djrs gSa & lq.k esjh ek¡ 'kkjns] jf[k;ks ekbZ yktA lHkk chp dj tksM+ dS] gq;k [kM~;k eSa vktAA dj fgjns Ega pkan.kk] dj ek¡ iwjh vklA dj tksM+w eSa ekaxrk] HkhÙkjyk ijdklAA cksfy;s ljLorh eS;k dh t;-------------A gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
52.
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn lkaxh %
lkax vkt dk fn[ks] lHk lqf.k;ks yk dS /;kuA fnoky+h cklB dh] lS vku&cku vj L;kuAA rks esjs lkaxçseh lTtuksA vkt dk lkax ns'kHkfDr dk lkax gS-- -- rks cksfy;s Hkkjr ekrk dh------t;A udyh % vj cksfy;s lkaxxkrk dh----------t;A lkaxh % vcs pqIi! cksfy;s xÅekrk dh-----t;! udyh % vj cksyks cgwekrk dh-------t;! lkaxh % çseh lTtuksA vkt dk lkax&gfj;k.kk ds tokuksa dh L;ku lSA ckr fdl ekSds dh & blrS igye &Y;ks gfj;k.kk ?kweY;ks & udyh % xq# th djka ?kqekbZ&Fke lkFk djks dforkbZA lkaxh % dforkbZ dh i<+kbZ &ys lh[k rw dforkbZ--igyh rqd feykbZA & jS ekuY;s rw eaxrk lS-----! udyh % xq# th ekY;ks ge nksUuwa eaxrs lS---! bcdS vk;k th lkA lkaxh % ru esjh rqd Ega rqd feyk.kh lSA & ?kkfy;ks gs ekbZA thoSa rsjs HkrhTts HkkbZA gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
53.
udyh % vj
Hkkg~j fydM+ dS ns[k&[kM+s rsjs nks&nks tekbZA lkaxh % pqi! blhfy, dg~;k lS udy Ega ch vDy pfg,A çseh lTtuks! tSlk fd vkt ds lkax dk uke gS fnoky+h cklB dh ckr lu~ cklB dh gSA iM+kSlh ns'k phu us fgUnh&phuh HkkbZ&HkkbZ ukjs dh vkM+ esa gekjs lkFk fo'okl?kkr fd;k rFkk jkrksjkr geyk cksy fn;kA geys ls cs[kcj lsuk dh VqdM+h esa gfj;k.kk ds toku vius çns'k dh vkil esa D;k efgrk crk jgs FksA D;k crk;k Hkyk-----c.kk jS nsLlh-- ---gfj;k.kk----pkSdfy;kA gq;k gfj dk vk.kk t~;c ;ks gfj;k.kk dgyk;kA HkkjrHkj Eg lcrS U;kjk ;ks ijnsl crk;kAVsdA gfj;k.kk ;ks tk.k~;k tk lS&j.k Ega gkFk fn[kk.ks EgaA QkSth /kje fuHkk.ks Ega vj g¡l fgUn iS feV tk.ks EgaA nw/k&ngh ds [kk.ks Ega vj lksUuk [ksr mxk.ks EgaA xhÙkk X;ku lq.kk.ks Ega vj pk:a csn i<+k.ks EgaA [ksYyka ds eSMy Y;k.ks Ega&rks tx Ega uke dek;kA HkkjrHkj Ega lcrS U;kjk ;ks ijnsl crk;kAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
54.
udyh % okg
xq# th okg! yB~B gs rS xkM+ fn;k tS Fkkjh vkKk gks rSa ,d fydM+k&lk eSa ch rksM+ n~;wa & lkaxh % dk<+Y;s QM+d! cksfy;s Hkkjr ekrk dh! xÅekrk dh-----t;A udyh % cksfy;s [kkxM+ ckCcw dh-----t;A vks isêh ekLVj! pha&pha cksYy.k ns bleSA vj Fke ds Vqdwj&Vqdwj nsD[kks lksA jSy c.kkn~;ks---tek lwM+ikM+ jkxuh lS! gs----jS---jS Egkjk gfj;k.kk---nsl I;kjk gfj;k.kkA --------------------vk.kk gq;k Fkk Hkxoku dkAA gfj;k.ks ds Nksjs lkjs NSy&NchYys lSaA ukPpS&dwnSa C;k&'kknh Ega ?k.ks jaxhYys lSaA ekVh xsY;ka ekVh gksT;ka bls gBhYys lSaA eqM+&eqM+ ns[kS nqfu;k lkjh bls jkschYys lSaA gs----jS---jS Egkjk gfj;k.kk---nsl I;kjk gfj;k.kkA --------------------vk.kk gq;k Fkk Hkxoku dkAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
55.
lkaxh % psYys
phUuh gks x;s] [kwc tek;k jaxA lkax lq.kks Y;ks vkt dk] cklB vky+h taxA çseh lTtuks! ;g lkax lPph ?kVuk gSA Hkkjr&phu ds chp lu~ 1962 esa gqbZ yM+kbZ dk fdLlk gS diVh phu us 18 uoEcj dk fnu blhfy, pquk D;ksafd ml fnu fnoky+h dk R;ksgkj Fkk & D;k Fkh fnoky+h cklB dhA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
56.
udyh % ¼tsy+h
ds lkFk½ esjk blk th dj jg~;k lS vd phu d chu&lh cT;k n~;waA lkaxh % fVdT;k ryS uS] ckÙkka dh iwjh rkj~;k rS dke uk pkYyS--- ctkoSxk chu! cksyckYyk lq.kY;sA rks lkaxçsfe;ks! 18 uoEcj 1962 dh ckr gSA diVh iM+kSlh phu uS nksLrh dh vkM+ esa gekjs ns'k ij /kkok cksy fn;kA ml fnu fnokyh dk R;ksgkj FkkA m/kj] lhe ij tax dk ekgkSy Fkk vkSj b/kj] gfj;k.kk ds lsuk ds nks toku] tks lxs HkkbZ Fks----Nqêh vk;s gq;s FksA NksVs dh u;h&u;h 'kknh gqbZ Fkh rFkk cM+k cki cuus okyk FkkA bu tokuksa dk ifjokj iwjs jaxpko esa FkkA C;kg dh [kqekjh mrjh Hkh ugha Fkh fd vpkud ds rkj vkrk gS ftls i<+dj ;g tksM+h vkSj ifjokj fdl rS;kjh esa tqVrk gS & Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
57.
gks lhe iS
rM+dS tk.kk lSA cSjh uS yydkj yxk;h&/kje fuHkk.kk lSAVsdA eu&ekM+k er dj] ekM+h lS ;k ckr ckcwA QkSt Ega rw jg~;k gksM+] tk.krk gkykr ckcwA rM+dS xkM+h eSa fcBkb,] Bg:a cl jkr ckcwA----2 vkaloka uS jksd ekr] ckr ?kM+h&L;kr lq.kA dwV&dwV ruS Hkj~;s] lkjs ;s tTckr lq.kA dns Hkh uk gks.kh pfg, Hkkjr ek¡ dh ^ekr* lq.kA----2 gka ukgfM+;k dg~;k fuHkk.kk lSA ihB fn[kkb, uk j.k Eg] uk nw/k ytk.kk lSAA----2 Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
58.
lkaxh % ,sls
gksrs gSa gfj;k.ks ds yky] tks nsl&/keZ ij ejuk&feVuk tkurs gSaA ;gka dh ohjkaxuk,a Hkh de ugha gSaA mu lSfudksa dh ifRu;ka mUgsa dSls fonk djrh gSa Hkyk & vi.kk /keZ fuHkkb, rw] eSa vi.kk Qjt fuHkkÅaxhA tax thr dS vkb, fi;k] eSa ckV ns[krh ikÅaxhAVsdA eSa lkPph&lkPph cksYywa] ;k ckr irs dh rksYywaA uk bZc ryd eSa cksY;h] bc eu dh ?kqaMh [kksYywaA yqd&fNi dS uS csLld jksYywa] ij lkjs Qjt fuHkkÅaxhA tax thr dS vkb, fi;k] eSa ckV ns[krh ikÅaxhAA lkaxh % bykds ds ljnkjks! bl rjg ls ;s nksuksa lSfud ckWMZj ij pys tkrs gSaA dk'ehj ds ysg&yík[k dk bykdk] 18 gtkj QqV dh ÅapkbZ] ekbul 40 fMxzh rkieku] 13 dqekÅa] lh&dEiuh] 124 toku] 3 tslhvks] dEiuh daekMj estj ,l-,l HkkVh] vkns'k ikrs gh lHkh us ekspkZ laHkky fy;k & Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
59.
nqfu;kHkj Ega vkt
ryd] gks;h uk blh yM+kbZA Bkj~gk uoEcj lu~ cklB Ega] phu uS djh p<+kbZAVsdA geyk gksX;k ysg NsÙkj Eg] ?k.kh lcsjS rM+dSA rsjgk dqekÅa&lh dEiuh] [kM+h jstkaxyk vM+dSA Fks ,d lkS pkSchl ohj Egkjs] ekSds iS tks HkM+dsA yEcs&rxM+s ohj xkHk:] u;s&u;s dqN yM+dsA dgS ukgfM+;k xksy+s dM+dS ok ?kkVh U;aw Fkj~jkbZA Bkj~gk uoEcj lu~ cklB Ega] phu uS djh p<+kbZAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
60.
lkaxh % çseh
lTtuks! m/kj ;q) tkjh Fkk vkSj b/kj uk;d flagjke ;kno ds ?kj ,d fcfV;k tUe ysrh gSA vkt tgka yM+dh iSnk gksrs gh ?kjksa esa ekre&lk Nk tkrk gSA ogha /kU; Fkk og ifjokj tgka bl csVh ds tUe ij [kqf'k;ka eukbZ tk jgh FkhA lkaxh % psYys] fdlh us Bhd dgk gS & igys gekjs ?kj dPps gqvk jgrs fdarq muesa jgus okys yksx cM+s iDds Fks---vkSj vkt gekjs ?kj rks iDds gks x;s gSa ij vc yksx dPps gks x;s gSaA udyh % xq#th! dPps ugha tek dPpsA drha ?kfV;kA vkt ds Vse Ega ;k csVh gksrh gh ugha-------tS vYVªklkmaM nsoh-----vj tS iSnk gks ch tkrh rS bluS tue ds Vse iS ;s rkUus lq.k.k uS feyrs & blh fujHkkx.k ?kj Ega vkbZ lS-----vkrs gs ?kj dh 'kkfUr uS [kkX;hA lkaxh % psys rw Bhd dgS lSA ftl ohjHkwfe ghjoky uS nsl rS lcrS T;knk lSukuh fn;s] lcrS T;knk QkSth lSfud fn;s] lcrS T;knk 'knj j.kckadqjsa fn;s] vkt bykds Ega Nksjh isV Ega ekjh tkjh lSaA ds c[k+r vk;k lS-A fganqLrku dks igyh xkS'kkyk ns.k vky+k jsokM+h vkt csn dh ckr ch Hkwy x;kA &csV~Vs&csV~Vh Ega djSa] ekr&firk tks HksnA t?kka ujd Ega ikaors] dg U;wa pk:a csnAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
61.
udyh % xq#th!
Qsj ds gq;kA lkaxh % psYys! crkrs gSa gks.kh gksdj jgrh gS rFkk Ng phtsa cans ds cl Ega ugha gq;k djrhA udyh % dkS.k&dkS.k lh xq#th lkaxh % ykHk&gk.kh] ;'k&vi;'k] th.kk&ej.kkA udyh % gq;k ds xq#th! lkaxh % jS psYys lq.kk;k ch uk tkrkA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
62.
lkaxh % vkSj
bl rjg ls frjaxs dh vku&cku vkSj 'kku ds fy, 13 dqekÅa ds 124 tokuksa esa ls 114 toku 'kghn gks x;s fdarq mUgksaus nq'eu ds ukikd bjknksa dks foQy dj fn;kA udyh % gk; jke! xq#th ij U;wa crkÅa ml tksM+h dk ds jgk lkaxh % jS ds cwT>Sxk----ml ohjksa ds ekrk&firk rFkk mudh ohjkaxukvksa dks ,d lius esa dqN vglkl gks x;k Fkk-- - n;k djks gs jketh] n;k djks gs n;kyA yM+.k lhe iS lSa x;s] dqy ds nks&nks ykyAA lkaxh % rks çseh lTtuks! ifjokj dks tks vk'kadk Fkh---ogh gq;k & nqfu;kHkj Ega vkt ryd felky blh uk ikbZA ,d eksjps iS feVX;s gksa] nsl dS [kkÙkj HkkbZA D;wadj lcj dj~;k gksXkk] ok ?kM+h dlwrh vkbZA eku ns.k uS cSjh uS] mYVh Vksih yVdkbZA djh ^ukgfM+;k* uS dforkbZ] uSu fn[ks Hkj vk,A ,d cadj Ega 'kghn gks x,] ,d ek¡ ds nks tk,AA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
63.
udyh % gk;
jke! xq#th] vkt Hkjh lHkk Ega Fkkjs pj.kka dh lkSax/k [kkdS dgwa lwa-----vkXxS rS dns g¡lh&etkd ugha d:axkA bu ohjka uS esjk ij.kkeA lkaxh % esjs lkax çseh lTtuks! bl ;q) esa dEiuh daekMj lfgr 114 toku ns'k ds dke vk,A ,d ijeohj pØ] vkB ohj pØ tSls f[krkc bl ;q) dh ohjrk ,oa vnE; lkgl ds dgkuh dgrs gSaA bl ;q) ds 'kghnksa ds ikfFkZo 'kjhj dbZ ekg ckn jsMØkl dks cQZ ds chp ;q) eqæk esa feysA udyh % xq#th! ml ifjokj ij D;k chrh gksxh lkaxh % ;g QkSft;ksa dk ifjokj FkkA dqN QkSth ijEijk us lacy fn;k] dqN laLdkjksa us laHkkyk rFkk ckdh ?kko oDr us Hkj fn;kA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
64.
c[kr cM+k cyoku
lS] Hkjrk lkjs ?kkoA c[kr&c[kr dk Qsj gks] ikj rkjrk ukoAA dq.kcs uS uk fgEer gkjh] jhr fuHkk;h dqy dh lkjhA ml fcfV;k dks [kwc i<+k;k] iwr Qsj oks dqy Ega vk;kA jhr fn[ks Fkh lHkh fuHkk.kh] jgh I;kj rS nksj&ftBk.khA gq;h QkSt Ega Hkjrh I;kjh] fcfV;k vQlj c.kh gekjhA csVs us Hkh eku c<+k;k] lSfud vQlj cudj vk;kA xke&xke ds nksUuwa I;kjs] >aMk feydj os QgjkjsA ;kn fnokyh vk x;h] [kwc fuHkk;h jhrA mu nksUuksa ds lkFk Ega] lHkuS xk;k xhrA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
65.
lkaxh % vius
xkao ds Ldwy esa 15 vxLr ds fnu frjaxk Qgjkus ds ckn ml gksugkj csVh us lHkh dk eu thr fy;k yM+dh % vknj.kh; esjs firkrqY; cqtqxksZ] ekrkvks&cguks] J)s; xq#tuks rFkk I;kjs cPpks! vkt vius Ldwy esa eq>s tks eku&lEeku fn;k x;k gS & og lnk ;kn jgsxkA ;fn esjk ifjokj eq>s csVs dh rjg ugha ikyrk] eq>s ugha i<+krk rks eSa lsuk esa vf/kdkjh ugha cu ikrh rFkk esjs firk ds lius lkdkj ugha gksrsA esjh eka crkrh gS fd ;q) esa tkus iwoZ Nqêh ds nkSjku os vius cPpksa dks Hkh lSfud cukus dh fnyh bPNk j[krs FksA esjh eka us mudk liuk lkdkj fd;k gSA eSa vki lcls dguk pkgwaxh fd vc oDr cny pqdk gS---vkb, csVs&csVh esa HksnHkko dks R;kxsaA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
66.
pkph % csVs]
rqe yrkth dk oks xhr ugha lqukvksxh D;k yM+dh % t:j----blh dkeuk ds lkFk fd vki lc jstkaxyk dh bl 'kgknr esa fNih csVh dh dgkuh dks csVh cpkus rFkk csVh i<+kus ds ladYi ds :i esa ysaxs rFkk vki lc mu 'kghnksa dks lPph J)katfy nsaxs & xhr % v esjs oru ds yksxks-----tjk vka[k esa Hkj yks ikuh gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
67.
pkph % csVs]
rqe yrkth dk oks xhr ugha lqukvksxh D;k yM+dh % t:j----blh dkeuk ds lkFk fd vki lc jstkaxyk dh bl 'kgknr esa fNih csVh dh dgkuh dks csVh cpkus rFkk csVh i<+kus ds ladYi ds :i esa ysaxs rFkk vki lc mu 'kghnksa dks lPph J)katfy nsaxs & xhr % v esjs oru ds yksxks-----tjk vka[k esa Hkj yks ikuh gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
68.
69.
Ikk= ifjp; Nk=
d{kk firk Ok|k;a= 1& eq[; lkaxh eqds’k X;kjgoha Jh gfjizdk’k <ksyd 2& udyh nhid Ckkjgoha Jh /kesZUnz Xkk;d 3&ekrk nhid Ckkjgoha Jh v’kksd ;kno uxkjh 4&firk egs’k Ckkjgoha Jh iksgi flag gkjeksfu;e 5&cM+k HkkbZ vt; Ckkjgoha Jh jes’k dqekj [kM+rky 6&NksVk HkkbZ Lqkfer X;kjgoha Jh fnus’k dqekj [kM+rky 7&tsBkuh vuwi X;kjgoha Jh lat; dqekj ?kaVh 8&nkSjkuh fofiu X;kjgoha Jh iksgi flag <ksyd 9&urZdh euh"k X;kjgoha Jh f’ko dqekj <ksyd 10& csVh vuqjkx ukSoha Jh lR;iky dSfl;ks 11&oknd xksfcan nloha Jh t;Hkxoku <ksyd 12&oknd ccyh (CWSN) nloha Jh xtjkt flag eVdk
70.
Jh LkR;ohj ukgfM+;k¼izoDrk
jlk;u “kkL=½ &&&&%vkxs%&&&& lkax dh rS;kfj;ksa dk fooj.k fp=koyh lfgr ¼lEcfU/kr Nk;kadu ,oa fQYekadu
Download now