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Lkkax dk uke %& fnokyh
cklB dh
lanHkZ
(yksd ukV~; izk#i)
yksdlaLÑfr ,oa yksdlaxhr esjs fç; ys[kdh; fo"k; jgs
gSaA jkxuh fo/kk esa nks iqLrdsa ^yksdjkx* o ^,d c[k+r
Fkk* ds vykok lelkf;d fo"k;ksa ij lSdM+ksa jkxfu;ksa dh
jpuk blh #fp&vfHk#fp dk çfrQy gSA T;ksa gh dyk mRlo
dh u;h vo/kkj.kk dh tkudkjh feyh & pkjksa fo/kkvksa ds
fy, lksp&fopkj dh l`tukRedrk ls xqtjk rFkk lHkh ds fy, dqN
u;k çk:i cuk;kA
foyqIr gksxh lkax fo/kk ds fy, gfj;k.kk dh LoÆ.ke
lSfud ijEijk dks eq[; fo"k; pqukA Hkkjr&phu ds ;q) ds ,d
ekÆed i{k dks dFkkud dk dsUæh; i{k ysdj csVh dks
js[kkafdr djus dk ç;kl fd;kA lkax ds ewy Lo:i dks lgtus dh
dksf'k'k gS] ftlds lnaHkZ esa lq/kh n'kZdksa] çcq)oxZ ds
fopkjksa ,oa lq>koksa dk Lokxr gS---
1 flracj 2015
ys[kd ,oa funsZ'kd dh vksj
ls---
^dyk mRlo&2015* ds varxZr yksdukV~; çLrqfr ¼lkax½ ds
cgqvk;keh i{kksa ds fy, viuk çsjd ;ksxnku ,oa ekxZn'kZu nsus okys
lHkh egkuqHkkoksa dk eSa ân; ls vkHkkjh gwa ftuesa
ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh Jh /keZchj cYMksfn;k ¼ftUgksaus fu;ekoyh ds
lkFk fujUrj ekxZn'kZu Hkh fd;k½
çkpk;Z Jh jktdqekj tyok ¼ftUgksaus çkajHk ls gh çksRlkgu fn;k½
lg;ksxh MkW- gfjçdk'k] Jh vt; 'kekZ] Jhifr th] bZ'oj flag
¼ftUgksaus lkax ds dyk ,oa laxhr i{k dks fu[kkjk½
esjh v/kk±fxuh] foKku v/;kfidk Jherh xhrk % dFkkud fopkj gsrq
lg;ksxh Jh /kesZUæ DydZ ,oa Jherh lqeu ;kno ¼ftUgksaus
bZ&çkstsDV gsrq cgqeq[kh rS;fj;ksa esa lg;ksx fn;k½
lkax ds lHkh ckjg dykdkj ¼ftUgksaus fujUrj lk/kuk tkjh j[kh½
LVkQ ,oa fo|kFkhZx.k ¼ftUgksaus dbZ eapu >sys o vueksy lq>ko
fn,½
mijksDr ds vykok eSa vkHkkj O;Dr djuk pkgwaxk dyk]
laLÑfr jaxeap ,oa laxhr ls tqM+s mu lHkh egkuqHkkoksa dk
ftUgksaus le;≤ ij lkax ds lEcfU/kr dFkkud ,oa fofHkUu i{kksa ls
tqM+h esjh Hkzkafr;ksa dk fuokj.k fd;k rFkk bl u;s ekSfyd ç;ksx ds
fy, esjk rFkk Vhe dk fujarj gkSalyk c<+krs gq, ekxZn'kZu fd;kA
vkHkk
j---
gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl) yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA
lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl
gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky]
jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj
caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk
dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa
laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;]
laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS
ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn]
u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed
fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA
L=ksr
orZeku lkax] Hkxr] ukSaVdh dk
iwoZ :i ;k i;kZ; gSA ^lkax* 'kCn dk
laca/k laLÑr ds fdl 'kCn ls gS] ;g
dguk vfuf'pr gS] fdUrq ;g Lokax dk
rn~Hko :i Kkr gksrk gSA Lokax dk
vFkZ gksrk gS & Hks"k Hkjuk] :i
Hkjuk] udy djukA bl çns'k
¼gfj;k.kk½ esa ^lkax Hkjuk* ,d
yksdksfDr çpfyr gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk
gS :i Hkjuk] :i cukukA
lkax D;k gS
izkphudky esa lkax ds vius lewg
gksrs FksA ,d izeq[k ds lkFk nl&ckjg
dykdkj gksrs Fks A os lHkh oxksZa
,oa tkfr;ksa ls gksrs Fks] ,d lekurk
gksrh FkhA os lc vPNs xk;d] oknd
,oa ys[kd gksrs Fks A gfj;k.kk ds gj
{ks= esa dqN lkaxh csgn izfl} jgs gS
A yksx rhl&pkyhl dksl iSny pydj
lkax ns[kus tkrs Fks A
ox
Z
ukVd ,oa yksdukV~; esa varj dsoy
ifj"dkj] laLdkj] fu;eikyu ;k dks
yksdukVd u dgdj yksdeap dgk tkrk
gS] Lokax] ukSVadh] HkaxM+k]
HkokbZ] rek'kk] Hkxr vkfn dk eapA
bldk dkj.k lg gS fd ukBd esa ^oLrq*
rFkk ^çLqrfr* nksuksa i{k ç/kku
gksrs gSa] tcfd yksdukV~; esa
çLrqfr i{k gh ç/kku gksrk gS] oLrq
i{k ughaA
lkax ,oa ukVd esa vUrj
gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl) yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA
lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl
gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky]
jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj
caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk
dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa
laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;]
laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS
ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn]
u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed
fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA
os'kHkw"kk
gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl) yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA
lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl
gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky]
jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj
caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk
dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa
laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;]
laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS
ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn]
u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed
fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA
os'kHkw"kk
v/;;u ds fy, fdlh lkfgR; dk oxhZdj.k t:jh gSA
MkW- 'kadjyky ;kno us gfj;k.kh lkax ds leLr bfrgkl
dks rhu Hkkxksa dks oxhZÑr fd;k gSA
1- iwoZ nhipUn ;qx 2- nhipUn ;qx 3- mÙkj nhipUn ;qx
ijUrq MkW- j?kqchj flag eFkkuk us ^gfj;k.kk
yksdukV~; ijEijk ,oa dfo f'kjksef.k ia0 ekaxsjke*
uked iqLrd esa gfj;k.koh lkax dk oxhZdj.k bl çdkj
fd;k gS &
1- iwoZ y[ehpUn ;qx 2- y[ehpUn ;qx 3- mÙkj y[ehpUn ;qx
D;kasfd ia0 nhipUn gfj;k.koh lkax ds çkjfEHkd
;qx esa vkrs gSa vkSj e/; fcUnq fdlh Hkh fo/kk ds
fodkl dk pje fcUnq gksrk gSA fgUnh dFkk lkfgR; esa
tks LFkku eqU'kh çsepUn dk gS] gfj;k.koh lkax
lkfgR; esa ia0 y[ehpUn dk gSA
lkax dk oxhZdj.k
ukSoha lnh esa ^fl} d.gIik* us
^Mksfeuh* ds lkFk Lokax djus dk
vkg~oku ;ksx lk/kuk ds lanHkZ esa fd;k
gSA Mksfefu;ksa ds LOkkax dh 'kSyh vkt
Hkh mÙkj Hkkjr ds fn[kkbZ nsrh gS
ftlesa lHkh ik=ksa dk vfHku; Mkse tkfr
dh ukfj;ksa }kjk xhr vkSj ok| ds lkFk fd;k
tkrk gSA
laØe.k ;qx
¼1200 bZ- ls 1750bZ- rd½
ia0 jkefd'kuyjky C;kl dk ekuuk
gS fd 13oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaHk
esa gh lkax vfLrRo esa vk x;k
FkkA mUgksaus ukjukSy fuoklh
xqtjkrh czkã.k fcgkjhyky ls lkax
ds mn~Hko dks ekuk gSA
fcgkjhyky %
lu~ 1709 esa ckyeqdqan lkaxh
gq, gSA buds laca/k esa vf/kd
tkudkjh ugha feyrh ijUrq blus
dbZ f'k"; gq, gSa ftUgksaus lkax
ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku
esa fn;kA
ckyeqdqUn %
Jh jktkjke 'kkL=h us lu~ 1958 esa
çdkf'kr viuh iqLrd ^gfj;k.kk yksd
eap dh dgkfu;ka* esa fy[kk gS fd
yxHkx lok lkS lky iwoZ ftl T;ksfr dks
fd'kuyky HkkV us çTofyr fd;k], 170
o"kZ ckn mlh dks ia0 nhipUn us Lo:i
ifjorZu fd;kA
fd'kuyky HkkV %
lknqYyk ftyk xqM+xao dh rglhy uwag ls
Ng ehy nwj vkdgsM+k xzke dk fuoklh
FkkA yxHkx 300 o"kZ iwoZ gtjr lknqYyk
dk oak vkdgsM+k esa jktLFkku ls vkdj
clk FkkA lknqYyk }kjk jfpr egkHkkjr dks
^ik.Mwu dk dM+k* dgk tkrk gSA
iaMwu dk dM+k esoktr {ks= dh
tu&egkHkkjr gSA lknqYyk us bldh jpuk
lu~ 1987 esa dh FkhA
gtjr lknqYyk %
lkaxh calhyky ds laca/k esa
dksbZ fo'ks"k tkudkjh miyC/k
ugha gSA fd'kuyky HkkV ds
ckn] lkax dks lathouh calhyky
us fiykbZA budk le; 1800 bZ
ekuk tkrk gSA
calhyky %
lkax ijEijk dks vkxs c<+kus esa
vEckjke xqtjkrh czkgk.k us lu~
1819 esa bl dyk dk çn'kZu
fd;kA bl le; lkax 'Syh bruh
egRoiw.kZ gks x;bZ Fkh fd
ukVddkj Hkh mls viukus yx x,
FksA
ia0 vEckjke %
19oha 'krh mÙkjk)Z esa laxdyk
dks vyhc['k dh çfrHkk dk lacy
feykA buds lkaxksa dh /kwe
gfj;k.kk] esjB o esokr esa [kwc
ephA mudk dk;Zdky 1854 ls
1899 ekuk tkrk gSA
vyhc['k %
;ksxs'oj ckydjke xkao
'ks[kiqj] ftyk djuky ds
fuoklh FksA muds lkax
iwjuey HkDr rFkk fugky ns
uj lqyrku miyC/k gksrs gSaA
ckydjke %
Fkkuslj [k.M ds dfFkr dfo;ksa esa
lokZf/kd [;kfr feyh Fkh] Jh
vnenc['k dksA mudh lkax Ük`a[kyk
bl çdkj gS & jkek;.k] t;ey QÙkk]
xwxk pkSgku] lksjB] pUæfdj.k]
uoyns vkSj dal yhykA mu fnuksa
Fkkuskj esa Hkknj dk v[kkM+k
vkSj ukud dk v[kkM+k uke ls nks
çfl) v[kkM+sa FksA
vgenc['k Fkkusljh %
rkÅ lkaxh gfj;k.kk ds çfl) lkaxh
gq, gSA budk le; 19oha
'krkCnh dk mÙkjk)Z gSA
buds vlyh uke dk irk ugha
pyrkA bUgksaus
^#fDe.k&fookg* uked ,d i|c)
jpuk dh gSA
rkÅ lkaxh %
ftyk esjB esa fLFkr xzke [ksM+h
dkfleiqj ds fuoklh ia0 fd'kuyky ds
lkaxksa ,oa vU; dkO;:ilsa dh
Hkk"kk Hkh gfj;k.koh gh FkhA
buds jfpr lkax eskj/ot] gfj'pUæ]
HkDr çgykn vkSj Å"kk vfu#æA
blds vfrfjDr mUgksaus Lora=k :i
esa ^ckjgeklk* dh Hkh jpuk dh
FkhA
ia0 fd'kuyky %
'kknhjke dk tUe 1889 esa
dSFky ls 9&10 fdeh dh nwjh ij
fLFkr ^lhou* uked dLcs esa
eulkjke lqiq= rksrjke ds ?kj
gqvkA mUgksaus jkek;.k]
Ñ".kyhyk] m"kk&vfu#æ vkfn
vusd dFkk,a fy[khA
'kknhjke %
19oha 'krkCnh esa gfj;k.kk lkax
eap ij ,d çfrHkk lEiUu l'kDr
O;fDrRo dk vkfoHkkZo gqvk] ftls
ia0 nhipUn ds uke ls tkuk tkrk
gSA buds çfl) lkax lksjB]
lj.kns&jktk Hkkst] uy&ne;arh]
xkshpUn egkjkt] gfj'pUæ]
mÙkuikn rFkk T;kuh pksj gSA
ia0 nhipUn %
ia0 nhiPkUn ds ckn ia0
l:ipUn fuoklh fnlkSj [ksM+h
dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA
Üka`xkj] ohj ,oa 'kkUr jlksa
dh buds lkaxksa esa ç/kkurk
gSA
l:ipUn %
ia0 nhipUn ds f'k"; xksjM+
fuoklh gjnsok Lokeh gq,A
muds çeq[k lkax ghj&jka>k]
T;kuh pksj rFkk pUæfdj.k
gSA
gjnsok Lokeh %
ftyk lksuhir ds nfg;k [kki ds
xkao fllk.kk fo0la0 1855
Jko.k dh f'kojkf= dks lukru
/kehZ xk;d cnywjke ds T;s"B
iq= ds :i esa gqvkA
ckts Hkxr %
mudk tUr lEor~ 1926 esa
fHkokuh esa gqvk rFkk
e`R;q laor 1979 esaA buds
^etywe iatkc* vkSj nqYgk
HkkVh* uked lkax çfl) gS
lwjtHkku oekZ %
ia0 y[ehpUn] ia0 nhipUn ds
ckn lcls vf/kd [;kfr çkr lkaxh
FksA budk tUe 15 tqykbZ
1903 dks lkekU; xzkeh.k
ifjokj esa xkao fljlk tkaVh
esa gqvkA ia0 y[ehpUn ds
xq# Hktuhd ekuflag FksA
ia0 y[ehpUn %
ia0 ekaxsjke dk tUe 1905
esa ekuk tkrk gSA blds firk
Jh vejflag xkao lqlk.k ftyk
lksuhir ds fuoklh FksA
ia0 ekaxsjke %
ia0 jkedqekj vghjoky {ks= ds
çeq[k lkaxh gq, gSaA jsokM+h
ftys ds xzke [kkysVk ds ewy
fuoklh ia0 jktdqekj dks bykds ds
yksx [kkysfV;k ds uke ls tkurs
gSaA mUgksaus djhc vk/kk ntZu
pfpZr lkaxksa dh jpuk ,oa eapu
fd;kA
ia0 jkedqekj %
jsokM+h ftys ds xzke tSrM+kokl
esa nfyr ifjokj esa tUesa ek-
usdhjke us nf{k.kh gfj;k.kk ds
vykok jktLFkku esa Hkh lkax ds
{ks= esa uke dek;kA mUgha rhu
ihf<+;ksa lkax dk lao)Zu Hkh
fd;kA
ek- usdhjke %
ia0 jkekuUn xksfj;k xkao
ds ewy fuoklh Fks rFkk
lkax fo/kk ds fy, >Ttj]
jsokM+h] xqM+xkao rFkk
egsUæx<+ ds pfpZr
dykdkj jgs gSaA
ia0 jkekuUn %
1- gfj;k.koh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl
¼j?kqohj flag eFkkuk@MkW- ckcwjke½
2- gfj;k.kk ds yksd lkfgR; ¼jktkjke 'kkL=h½
3- gfj;k.kk dk bfrgkl ¼ds-lh- ;kno½
4- gfj;k.kk dh yksdukV~; ijEijk ¼jkeukjk;.k vxzoky½
5- lkax ij MkW jkeQy pgy dk vkys[k
6- lkax ij jktfd'ku uSu dk vkys[k
7- lkax ij vkseçdk'k dkn;ku dk vkys[k
8- lkax ij lR;ohj ukgfM+;k dk vkys[k
9- Øe la[;k 5&6&7 ds ys[kdksa ls ukgfM+;k dh ckrphr
10- egk'k; Hkheflag ls lR;ohj ukgfM+;k dh ckrphr
lanHkZ&lwph %
dyk mRlo dh lwpuk
oSls rks mDr mRlo ds lUnHkZ esa foHkkx dh izFke
Mkd ebZ ekg esa gh vk x;h Fkh] fdUrq mlesa izk#i dh u
rks Ik;kZIr tkudkjh Fkh vkSj u gh fu;ekoyh A i= esa dgk x;k
Fkk fd bl laanHkZ esa foLr`r tkudkjh vkidks 'kh?kz Hksth
tk;sxh A xzh"ekodk’k ds ckn Hkh mDr tkudkjh ugha fey
ik;h A vxLr ekg ds izFke esa u;h Mkd ls lacfU/kr tkudkjh
feyh rFkk ftyk f’k{kk vf/kdkjh Jh /keZCkhj CkYMksfn;k us
Lo;a mDr fu;ekoyh iznku dj izksRlkfgr fd;k rFkk 17 vxLr ls
ge bl fn’kk esa dk;Z djus yxs A
ys[ku dk;Z
lacfU/kr lwpuk feyrs ghs mRlo dh
fu;ekoyh ds vuqlkj ys[ku dk;Z “kq# fd;k]
ftlesa nks jkxfu;ka ,oa ,d lkax dk dFkkud
fy[kk x;k A blesa le; lhek ,oa vU; dkj.kksa ls
,d nks ifjorZu Hkh fd, x;s A
izfrHkkxh & Vhe¼dykdkj ½ dk p;u
ebZ o tqykbZ ekg esa fo|ky; esa vk;ksftr dh x;h ikap
& Ng ckylHkkvksa ds vk/kkj ij xk;u] vfHku; ,oa oknu ls
tqM+s lacfU/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A
rS;kjh i{k
djhc chl fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dyk mRlo dh cgqvk;keh
tkudkjh nh x;h rFkk mUgsa jkxuh o lkax ds ckjs esa le>k;k
x;k A bl izfdz;k esa vius dFkkud dks mUgsa le>k;k x;k]
Hkkjr&Pkhu ;q} dh ekfeZd nkLrka lquk;h x;h] lacfU/kr i{k
dks UkkV~; #i ds yksd i{k ¼lkax½ esa thoar djus ds fy,
fuR; fj;kt izkjEHk fd;k x;k A
gj jkst ,d fu/kkZfjr izk#i dks nksgjkdj lHkh Ikk=ksa]
[kkldj xk;dksa dks mudh Hkwfedk daBLFk djok;h x;h A
djhc nl fjgLkZy rFkk nks Qqy Mªsl fjglZy iwjs Ldwy ds le{k
eafpr dh x;h A
lacfU/kr fnDdrsa ,oa lek/kku
igyh fnDdr vk jghs Fkh fd vf/kdrj Nk= foKku oxZ
ds Fks rFkk csgn es/kkoh Hkh & oLrqr% os i<kbZ ds i{k
dks ysdj LokHkkfod #i ls fpafrr Fks] ftlds pyrs vf/kdrj
rS;kjh NqVVh ds fnu Ldwy vkdj dh x;h rFkk muds [kkyh
ihjh;Ml ds eqrkfcd mudh VqdM+ksa esa rS;kjh dh x;h A
nwljh fnDdr Fkh fd p;fur fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d
Hkh Nk= ok|;a= ctkuk ugha tkurk Fkk A fu;ekoyh dks /;ku
esa j[krs gq, mUgsa #fp ds eqrkfcd gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd vkfn
izkFkfedrk ls fn[kk;k x;k A
rhljh fnDdr] dqN Nk= efgyk ik= dk jksy
fuHkkus ls drjk jgs Fks fdarq mUgsa vfHku; {ks= ,oa lkax
fo/kk ds ewy Lo#i dhs izsjd tkudkjh nsdj rS;kj fd;k x;k A
lacfU/kr fnDdrsa ,oa lek/kku
igyh fnDdr vk jghs Fkh fd vf/kdrj Nk= foKku oxZ
ds Fks rFkk csgn es/kkoh Hkh & oLrqr% os i<kbZ ds i{k
dks ysdj LokHkkfod #i ls fpafrr Fks] ftlds pyrs vf/kdrj
rS;kjh NqVVh ds fnu Ldwy vkdj dh x;h rFkk muds [kkyh
ihjh;Ml ds eqrkfcd mudh VqdM+ksa esa rS;kjh dh x;h A
nwljh fnDdr Fkh fd p;fur fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d
Hkh Nk= ok|;a= ctkuk ugha tkurk Fkk A fu;ekoyh dks /;ku
esa j[krs gq, mUgsa #fp ds eqrkfcd gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd vkfn
izkFkfedrk ls fn[kk;k x;k A
rhljh fnDdr] dqN Nk= efgyk ik= dk jksy
fuHkkus ls drjk jgs Fks fdarq mUgsa vfHku; {ks= ,oa lkax
fo/kk ds ewy Lo#i dhs izsjd tkudkjh nsdj rS;kj fd;k x;k A
dyk lao)Zu lq>ko
dyk mRlo tSls vk;kstu yksdlaLd`fr ds i{k/kj]
iks’kd ,oa ltx izgjh gS & oLrqr% dyk mRlo
tSls dk;Zdze izkFkfed] ek/;fed oxZ ls ghs
gksuk pkfg, A
foYkqIr gksrh bu yksddykvksa ds laj{k.k ds
fy, {ks= ds yksddykdkjksa dks lhfer ekuns;
ds lkFk Ldwyksa ls bu mRloksa esa tksM+k
tk, A
fjglZy
fjglZy
Qqy Mªsl fjglZy
fjglZy@ ohfM;ks
fjglZy@ ohfM;ks
[kaM Lrj@ohfM;ks
fjglZy@ ohfM;ks
1- eqds'k iq= Jh gfjçdk'k XI (foKku½
2- nhid iq= Jh /kesZUæ XII ¼dyk½
3- egs'k iq= Jh iksgi flag XII (foKku½
4- nhid iq= Jh v'kksd ;kno XII (foKku½
5- vt; iq= Jh jes'k dqekj XII (foKku½
6- lqfer iq= Jh fnus'k 'kekZ XI (foKku½
7- vuwi iq= Jh lat; dqekj XI (foKku½
8- euh"k iq= Jh f'ko dqekj XI (foKku½
9- fofiu iq= Jh iksgi flag IX
10- vuqjkx iq= Jh lR;iky IX
11- xksfoUn iq= Jh t;Hkxoku X
12- ccyh iq=h Jh xtjkt flag X
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
dykdkj
ifjdYiuk] ys[ku ,oa funsZ'ku %
lR;ohj ukgfM+;k] çk/;kid ¼jlk;u&'kkL=½
ekxZn'kZu ,oa lg;ksx %
MkW- gfjçdk'k] vt; 'kekZ] vfuy dqekj]
bZ'ojflag ;kno] Jherh xhrk] Jhifr flag
çsj.kk ,oa lg;ksx %
Jh /keZchj cYMksfn;k ¼ ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh]
jsokM+h½
Jh jktdqekj tyok ¼ çkpk;Z] jkvkoekfo chdsiqj½
Ekap ds ihNs ---
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
eaxykpj.k i{k
loZçFke lkax ds eap ij lkftans vkrs gSa rFkk os oanuk dh
Lojygfj;ka NsM+rs gSa & ¼/kqu % n;kdj nku HkfDr dk----½
Lojygfj;ksa ds cnyrs gh pkj u`R;kaxuk,a eap ij u`R; djrh gqbZ çdV gksrh gSa
rFkk eap ds pkjksa dksuksa ij u`R; ds ckn xq#oanuk djrh gSa &
lkjh nqfu;k ukprh] Hkkar&Hkkar ds ukpA
dkS.k upkoS ukp lHk] ckp ldS rS ckpAA
u`R; çLrqfr % ¼/kqu % ukfxu@jksy+k iry+h dej dk--½
----var esa çeq[k lkaxh udyh ds lkFk eap ij iwjh 'kku&vks&'kkSdr ls vkrs
gSaA urZfd;ka pj.k oanuk djrh gSa] udyh udy djrk gS fQj eq[; lkaxh ljLorh
oanuk djrs gSa &
lq.k esjh ek¡ 'kkjns] jf[k;ks ekbZ yktA
lHkk chp dj tksM+ dS] gq;k [kM~;k eSa vktAA
dj fgjns Ega pkan.kk] dj ek¡ iwjh vklA
dj tksM+w eSa ekaxrk] HkhÙkjyk ijdklAA
cksfy;s ljLorh eS;k dh t;-------------A
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
lkaxh % lkax vkt dk fn[ks] lHk lqf.k;ks yk dS /;kuA
fnoky+h cklB dh] lS vku&cku vj L;kuAA
rks esjs lkaxçseh lTtuksA vkt dk lkax ns'kHkfDr dk lkax
gS-- -- rks cksfy;s Hkkjr ekrk dh------t;A
udyh % vj cksfy;s lkaxxkrk dh----------t;A
lkaxh % vcs pqIi! cksfy;s xÅekrk dh-----t;!
udyh % vj cksyks cgwekrk dh-------t;!
lkaxh % çseh lTtuksA vkt dk lkax&gfj;k.kk ds tokuksa dh L;ku lSA
ckr fdl ekSds dh & blrS igye &Y;ks gfj;k.kk ?kweY;ks &
udyh % xq# th djka ?kqekbZ&Fke lkFk djks dforkbZA
lkaxh % dforkbZ dh i<+kbZ &ys lh[k rw dforkbZ--igyh rqd
feykbZA
& jS ekuY;s rw eaxrk lS-----!
udyh % xq# th ekY;ks ge nksUuwa eaxrs lS---! bcdS vk;k th lkA
lkaxh % ru esjh rqd Ega rqd feyk.kh lSA
& ?kkfy;ks gs ekbZA thoSa rsjs HkrhTts HkkbZA
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
udyh % vj Hkkg~j fydM+ dS ns[k&[kM+s rsjs nks&nks tekbZA
lkaxh % pqi! blhfy, dg~;k lS udy Ega ch vDy pfg,A
çseh lTtuks! tSlk fd vkt ds lkax dk uke gS fnoky+h cklB
dh ckr lu~ cklB dh gSA iM+kSlh ns'k phu us fgUnh&phuh
HkkbZ&HkkbZ ukjs dh vkM+ esa gekjs lkFk fo'okl?kkr fd;k rFkk jkrksjkr
geyk cksy fn;kA geys ls cs[kcj lsuk dh VqdM+h esa gfj;k.kk ds toku vius
çns'k dh vkil esa D;k efgrk crk jgs FksA D;k crk;k Hkyk-----c.kk jS nsLlh--
---gfj;k.kk----pkSdfy;kA
gq;k gfj dk vk.kk t~;c ;ks gfj;k.kk dgyk;kA
HkkjrHkj Eg lcrS U;kjk ;ks ijnsl crk;kAVsdA
gfj;k.kk ;ks tk.k~;k tk lS&j.k Ega gkFk fn[kk.ks EgaA
QkSth /kje fuHkk.ks Ega vj g¡l fgUn iS feV tk.ks EgaA
nw/k&ngh ds [kk.ks Ega vj lksUuk [ksr mxk.ks EgaA
xhÙkk X;ku lq.kk.ks Ega vj pk:a csn i<+k.ks EgaA
[ksYyka ds eSMy Y;k.ks Ega&rks tx Ega uke dek;kA
HkkjrHkj Ega lcrS U;kjk ;ks ijnsl crk;kAA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
udyh % okg xq# th okg! yB~B gs rS xkM+ fn;k tS Fkkjh vkKk gks rSa
,d fydM+k&lk eSa ch rksM+ n~;wa &
lkaxh % dk<+Y;s QM+d! cksfy;s Hkkjr ekrk dh! xÅekrk dh-----t;A
udyh % cksfy;s [kkxM+ ckCcw dh-----t;A vks isêh ekLVj!
pha&pha cksYy.k ns bleSA vj Fke ds Vqdwj&Vqdwj nsD[kks
lksA jSy c.kkn~;ks---tek lwM+ikM+ jkxuh lS!
gs----jS---jS Egkjk gfj;k.kk---nsl I;kjk gfj;k.kkA
--------------------vk.kk gq;k Fkk Hkxoku dkAA
gfj;k.ks ds Nksjs lkjs NSy&NchYys lSaA
ukPpS&dwnSa C;k&'kknh Ega ?k.ks jaxhYys lSaA
ekVh xsY;ka ekVh gksT;ka bls gBhYys lSaA
eqM+&eqM+ ns[kS nqfu;k lkjh bls jkschYys lSaA
gs----jS---jS Egkjk gfj;k.kk---nsl I;kjk gfj;k.kkA
--------------------vk.kk gq;k Fkk Hkxoku dkAA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
lkaxh % psYys phUuh gks x;s] [kwc tek;k jaxA
lkax lq.kks Y;ks vkt dk] cklB vky+h taxA
çseh lTtuks! ;g lkax lPph ?kVuk
gSA Hkkjr&phu ds chp lu~ 1962 esa
gqbZ yM+kbZ dk fdLlk gS diVh phu us 18
uoEcj dk fnu blhfy, pquk D;ksafd ml fnu
fnoky+h dk R;ksgkj Fkk & D;k Fkh
fnoky+h cklB dhA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
udyh % ¼tsy+h ds lkFk½ esjk blk th dj jg~;k lS vd phu d chu&lh
cT;k n~;waA
lkaxh % fVdT;k ryS uS] ckÙkka dh iwjh rkj~;k rS dke uk
pkYyS--- ctkoSxk chu! cksyckYyk lq.kY;sA
rks lkaxçsfe;ks! 18 uoEcj 1962 dh ckr gSA diVh
iM+kSlh phu uS nksLrh dh vkM+ esa gekjs ns'k ij /kkok cksy fn;kA
ml fnu fnokyh dk R;ksgkj FkkA
m/kj] lhe ij tax dk ekgkSy Fkk vkSj b/kj] gfj;k.kk ds
lsuk ds nks toku] tks lxs HkkbZ Fks----Nqêh vk;s gq;s FksA NksVs
dh u;h&u;h 'kknh gqbZ Fkh rFkk cM+k cki cuus okyk FkkA bu
tokuksa dk ifjokj iwjs jaxpko esa FkkA C;kg dh [kqekjh mrjh Hkh
ugha Fkh fd vpkud ds rkj vkrk gS ftls i<+dj ;g tksM+h vkSj ifjokj
fdl rS;kjh esa tqVrk gS &
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
gks lhe iS rM+dS tk.kk lSA
cSjh uS yydkj yxk;h&/kje fuHkk.kk lSAVsdA
eu&ekM+k er dj] ekM+h lS ;k ckr ckcwA
QkSt Ega rw jg~;k gksM+] tk.krk gkykr ckcwA
rM+dS xkM+h eSa fcBkb,] Bg:a cl jkr ckcwA----2
vkaloka uS jksd ekr] ckr ?kM+h&L;kr lq.kA
dwV&dwV ruS Hkj~;s] lkjs ;s tTckr lq.kA
dns Hkh uk gks.kh pfg, Hkkjr ek¡ dh ^ekr* lq.kA----2
gka ukgfM+;k dg~;k fuHkk.kk lSA
ihB fn[kkb, uk j.k Eg] uk nw/k ytk.kk lSAA----2
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
lkaxh % ,sls gksrs gSa gfj;k.ks ds yky] tks nsl&/keZ ij
ejuk&feVuk tkurs gSaA ;gka dh ohjkaxuk,a Hkh de ugha gSaA mu
lSfudksa dh ifRu;ka mUgsa dSls fonk djrh gSa Hkyk &
vi.kk /keZ fuHkkb, rw] eSa vi.kk Qjt fuHkkÅaxhA
tax thr dS vkb, fi;k] eSa ckV ns[krh ikÅaxhAVsdA
eSa lkPph&lkPph cksYywa] ;k ckr irs dh rksYywaA
uk bZc ryd eSa cksY;h] bc eu dh ?kqaMh [kksYywaA
yqd&fNi dS uS csLld jksYywa] ij lkjs Qjt fuHkkÅaxhA
tax thr dS vkb, fi;k] eSa ckV ns[krh ikÅaxhAA
lkaxh % bykds ds ljnkjks! bl rjg ls ;s nksuksa lSfud ckWMZj ij pys
tkrs gSaA dk'ehj ds ysg&yík[k dk bykdk] 18 gtkj QqV dh ÅapkbZ]
ekbul 40 fMxzh rkieku] 13 dqekÅa] lh&dEiuh] 124 toku] 3 tslhvks]
dEiuh daekMj estj ,l-,l HkkVh] vkns'k ikrs gh lHkh us ekspkZ
laHkky fy;k &
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
nqfu;kHkj Ega vkt ryd] gks;h uk blh yM+kbZA
Bkj~gk uoEcj lu~ cklB Ega] phu uS djh
p<+kbZAVsdA
geyk gksX;k ysg NsÙkj Eg] ?k.kh lcsjS rM+dSA
rsjgk dqekÅa&lh dEiuh] [kM+h jstkaxyk vM+dSA
Fks ,d lkS pkSchl ohj Egkjs] ekSds iS tks HkM+dsA
yEcs&rxM+s ohj xkHk:] u;s&u;s dqN yM+dsA
dgS ukgfM+;k xksy+s dM+dS ok ?kkVh U;aw
Fkj~jkbZA
Bkj~gk uoEcj lu~ cklB Ega] phu uS djh p<+kbZAA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
lkaxh % çseh lTtuks! m/kj ;q) tkjh Fkk vkSj b/kj uk;d flagjke ;kno
ds ?kj ,d fcfV;k tUe ysrh gSA vkt tgka yM+dh iSnk gksrs gh ?kjksa
esa ekre&lk Nk tkrk gSA ogha /kU; Fkk og ifjokj tgka bl csVh ds tUe
ij [kqf'k;ka eukbZ tk jgh FkhA
lkaxh % psYys] fdlh us Bhd dgk gS & igys gekjs ?kj dPps
gqvk jgrs fdarq muesa jgus okys yksx cM+s iDds Fks---vkSj vkt
gekjs ?kj rks iDds gks x;s gSa ij vc yksx dPps gks x;s gSaA
udyh % xq#th! dPps ugha tek dPpsA drha ?kfV;kA vkt ds Vse Ega
;k csVh gksrh gh ugha-------tS vYVªklkmaM nsoh-----vj tS iSnk gks
ch tkrh rS bluS tue ds Vse iS ;s rkUus lq.k.k uS feyrs & blh fujHkkx.k
?kj Ega vkbZ lS-----vkrs gs ?kj dh 'kkfUr uS [kkX;hA
lkaxh % psys rw Bhd dgS lSA ftl ohjHkwfe ghjoky uS nsl rS lcrS
T;knk lSukuh fn;s] lcrS T;knk QkSth lSfud fn;s] lcrS T;knk 'knj
j.kckadqjsa fn;s] vkt bykds Ega Nksjh isV Ega ekjh tkjh lSaA ds c[k+r
vk;k lS-A fganqLrku dks igyh xkS'kkyk ns.k vky+k jsokM+h vkt csn
dh ckr ch Hkwy x;kA &csV~Vs&csV~Vh Ega djSa] ekr&firk tks
HksnA
t?kka ujd Ega ikaors] dg U;wa pk:a csnAA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
udyh % xq#th! Qsj ds gq;kA
lkaxh % psYys! crkrs gSa gks.kh gksdj jgrh gS rFkk Ng phtsa cans
ds cl Ega ugha gq;k djrhA
udyh % dkS.k&dkS.k lh xq#th
lkaxh % ykHk&gk.kh] ;'k&vi;'k] th.kk&ej.kkA
udyh % gq;k ds xq#th!
lkaxh % jS psYys lq.kk;k ch uk tkrkA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
lkaxh % vkSj bl rjg ls frjaxs dh vku&cku vkSj 'kku ds fy,
13 dqekÅa ds 124 tokuksa esa ls 114 toku 'kghn gks
x;s fdarq mUgksaus nq'eu ds ukikd bjknksa dks
foQy dj fn;kA
udyh % gk; jke! xq#th ij U;wa crkÅa ml tksM+h dk ds jgk
lkaxh % jS ds cwT>Sxk----ml ohjksa ds ekrk&firk rFkk mudh
ohjkaxukvksa dks ,d lius esa dqN vglkl gks x;k Fkk--
-
n;k djks gs jketh] n;k djks gs n;kyA
yM+.k lhe iS lSa x;s] dqy ds nks&nks ykyAA
lkaxh % rks çseh lTtuks! ifjokj dks tks vk'kadk Fkh---ogh gq;k &
nqfu;kHkj Ega vkt ryd felky blh uk ikbZA
,d eksjps iS feVX;s gksa] nsl dS [kkÙkj HkkbZA
D;wadj lcj dj~;k gksXkk] ok ?kM+h dlwrh vkbZA
eku ns.k uS cSjh uS] mYVh Vksih yVdkbZA
djh ^ukgfM+;k* uS dforkbZ] uSu fn[ks Hkj vk,A
,d cadj Ega 'kghn gks x,] ,d ek¡ ds nks tk,AA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
udyh % gk; jke! xq#th] vkt Hkjh lHkk Ega Fkkjs pj.kka dh
lkSax/k [kkdS dgwa lwa-----vkXxS rS dns g¡lh&etkd
ugha d:axkA bu ohjka uS esjk ij.kkeA
lkaxh % esjs lkax çseh lTtuks! bl ;q) esa dEiuh daekMj lfgr
114 toku ns'k ds dke vk,A ,d ijeohj pØ] vkB ohj pØ tSls
f[krkc bl ;q) dh ohjrk ,oa vnE; lkgl ds dgkuh dgrs gSaA
bl ;q) ds 'kghnksa ds ikfFkZo 'kjhj dbZ ekg ckn jsMØkl
dks cQZ ds chp ;q) eqæk esa feysA
udyh % xq#th! ml ifjokj ij D;k chrh gksxh
lkaxh % ;g QkSft;ksa dk ifjokj FkkA dqN QkSth ijEijk us
lacy fn;k] dqN laLdkjksa us laHkkyk rFkk ckdh ?kko
oDr us Hkj fn;kA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
c[kr cM+k cyoku lS] Hkjrk lkjs ?kkoA
c[kr&c[kr dk Qsj gks] ikj rkjrk ukoAA
dq.kcs uS uk fgEer gkjh] jhr fuHkk;h dqy dh lkjhA
ml fcfV;k dks [kwc i<+k;k] iwr Qsj oks dqy Ega vk;kA
jhr fn[ks Fkh lHkh fuHkk.kh] jgh I;kj rS
nksj&ftBk.khA
gq;h QkSt Ega Hkjrh I;kjh] fcfV;k vQlj c.kh gekjhA
csVs us Hkh eku c<+k;k] lSfud vQlj cudj vk;kA
xke&xke ds nksUuwa I;kjs] >aMk feydj os QgjkjsA
;kn fnokyh vk x;h] [kwc fuHkk;h jhrA
mu nksUuksa ds lkFk Ega] lHkuS xk;k xhrA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
lkaxh % vius xkao ds Ldwy esa 15 vxLr ds fnu
frjaxk Qgjkus ds ckn ml gksugkj csVh us lHkh dk eu
thr fy;k
yM+dh % vknj.kh; esjs firkrqY; cqtqxksZ]
ekrkvks&cguks] J)s; xq#tuks rFkk I;kjs cPpks! vkt
vius Ldwy esa eq>s tks eku&lEeku fn;k x;k gS &
og lnk ;kn jgsxkA ;fn esjk ifjokj eq>s csVs dh rjg ugha
ikyrk] eq>s ugha i<+krk rks eSa lsuk esa vf/kdkjh ugha
cu ikrh rFkk esjs firk ds lius lkdkj ugha gksrsA esjh eka
crkrh gS fd ;q) esa tkus iwoZ Nqêh ds nkSjku os vius
cPpksa dks Hkh lSfud cukus dh fnyh bPNk j[krs FksA
esjh eka us mudk liuk lkdkj fd;k gSA eSa vki lcls dguk
pkgwaxh fd vc oDr cny pqdk gS---vkb, csVs&csVh esa
HksnHkko dks R;kxsaA
Lkkaxh&udyh laokn
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
pkph % csVs] rqe yrkth dk oks xhr ugha lqukvksxh D;k
yM+dh % t:j----blh dkeuk ds lkFk fd vki lc jstkaxyk dh bl
'kgknr esa fNih csVh dh dgkuh dks csVh cpkus rFkk csVh
i<+kus ds ladYi ds :i esa ysaxs rFkk vki lc mu 'kghnksa dks lPph
J)katfy nsaxs &
xhr % v esjs oru ds yksxks-----tjk vka[k esa Hkj yks ikuh
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
pkph % csVs] rqe yrkth dk oks xhr ugha lqukvksxh D;k
yM+dh % t:j----blh dkeuk ds lkFk fd vki lc jstkaxyk dh bl
'kgknr esa fNih csVh dh dgkuh dks csVh cpkus rFkk csVh
i<+kus ds ladYi ds :i esa ysaxs rFkk vki lc mu 'kghnksa dks lPph
J)katfy nsaxs &
xhr % v esjs oru ds yksxks-----tjk vka[k esa Hkj yks ikuh
gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB
dh
Ikk= ifjp; Nk= d{kk firk Ok|k;a=
1& eq[; lkaxh eqds’k X;kjgoha Jh gfjizdk’k <ksyd
2& udyh nhid Ckkjgoha Jh /kesZUnz Xkk;d
3&ekrk nhid Ckkjgoha Jh v’kksd ;kno uxkjh
4&firk egs’k Ckkjgoha Jh iksgi flag gkjeksfu;e
5&cM+k
HkkbZ
vt; Ckkjgoha Jh jes’k dqekj [kM+rky
6&NksVk
HkkbZ
Lqkfer X;kjgoha Jh fnus’k
dqekj
[kM+rky
7&tsBkuh vuwi X;kjgoha Jh lat; dqekj ?kaVh
8&nkSjkuh fofiu X;kjgoha Jh iksgi flag <ksyd
9&urZdh euh"k X;kjgoha Jh f’ko dqekj <ksyd
10& csVh vuqjkx ukSoha Jh lR;iky dSfl;ks
11&oknd xksfcan nloha Jh t;Hkxoku <ksyd
12&oknd ccyh (CWSN) nloha Jh xtjkt flag eVdk
Jh LkR;ohj ukgfM+;k¼izoDrk jlk;u
“kkL=½
&&&&%vkxs%&&&&
lkax dh rS;kfj;ksa dk fooj.k
fp=koyh lfgr
¼lEcfU/kr Nk;kadu ,oa fQYekadu
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx
e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx

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e project diwali basath ki- final.pptx

  • 1. Lkkax dk uke %& fnokyh cklB dh lanHkZ (yksd ukV~; izk#i)
  • 2. yksdlaLÑfr ,oa yksdlaxhr esjs fç; ys[kdh; fo"k; jgs gSaA jkxuh fo/kk esa nks iqLrdsa ^yksdjkx* o ^,d c[k+r Fkk* ds vykok lelkf;d fo"k;ksa ij lSdM+ksa jkxfu;ksa dh jpuk blh #fp&vfHk#fp dk çfrQy gSA T;ksa gh dyk mRlo dh u;h vo/kkj.kk dh tkudkjh feyh & pkjksa fo/kkvksa ds fy, lksp&fopkj dh l`tukRedrk ls xqtjk rFkk lHkh ds fy, dqN u;k çk:i cuk;kA foyqIr gksxh lkax fo/kk ds fy, gfj;k.kk dh LoÆ.ke lSfud ijEijk dks eq[; fo"k; pqukA Hkkjr&phu ds ;q) ds ,d ekÆed i{k dks dFkkud dk dsUæh; i{k ysdj csVh dks js[kkafdr djus dk ç;kl fd;kA lkax ds ewy Lo:i dks lgtus dh dksf'k'k gS] ftlds lnaHkZ esa lq/kh n'kZdksa] çcq)oxZ ds fopkjksa ,oa lq>koksa dk Lokxr gS--- 1 flracj 2015 ys[kd ,oa funsZ'kd dh vksj ls---
  • 3. ^dyk mRlo&2015* ds varxZr yksdukV~; çLrqfr ¼lkax½ ds cgqvk;keh i{kksa ds fy, viuk çsjd ;ksxnku ,oa ekxZn'kZu nsus okys lHkh egkuqHkkoksa dk eSa ân; ls vkHkkjh gwa ftuesa ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh Jh /keZchj cYMksfn;k ¼ftUgksaus fu;ekoyh ds lkFk fujUrj ekxZn'kZu Hkh fd;k½ çkpk;Z Jh jktdqekj tyok ¼ftUgksaus çkajHk ls gh çksRlkgu fn;k½ lg;ksxh MkW- gfjçdk'k] Jh vt; 'kekZ] Jhifr th] bZ'oj flag ¼ftUgksaus lkax ds dyk ,oa laxhr i{k dks fu[kkjk½ esjh v/kk±fxuh] foKku v/;kfidk Jherh xhrk % dFkkud fopkj gsrq lg;ksxh Jh /kesZUæ DydZ ,oa Jherh lqeu ;kno ¼ftUgksaus bZ&çkstsDV gsrq cgqeq[kh rS;fj;ksa esa lg;ksx fn;k½ lkax ds lHkh ckjg dykdkj ¼ftUgksaus fujUrj lk/kuk tkjh j[kh½ LVkQ ,oa fo|kFkhZx.k ¼ftUgksaus dbZ eapu >sys o vueksy lq>ko fn,½ mijksDr ds vykok eSa vkHkkj O;Dr djuk pkgwaxk dyk] laLÑfr jaxeap ,oa laxhr ls tqM+s mu lHkh egkuqHkkoksa dk ftUgksaus le;&le; ij lkax ds lEcfU/kr dFkkud ,oa fofHkUu i{kksa ls tqM+h esjh Hkzkafr;ksa dk fuokj.k fd;k rFkk bl u;s ekSfyd ç;ksx ds fy, esjk rFkk Vhe dk fujarj gkSalyk c<+krs gq, ekxZn'kZu fd;kA vkHkk j---
  • 4.
  • 5. gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl) yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky] jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;] laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn] u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA L=ksr
  • 6. orZeku lkax] Hkxr] ukSaVdh dk iwoZ :i ;k i;kZ; gSA ^lkax* 'kCn dk laca/k laLÑr ds fdl 'kCn ls gS] ;g dguk vfuf'pr gS] fdUrq ;g Lokax dk rn~Hko :i Kkr gksrk gSA Lokax dk vFkZ gksrk gS & Hks"k Hkjuk] :i Hkjuk] udy djukA bl çns'k ¼gfj;k.kk½ esa ^lkax Hkjuk* ,d yksdksfDr çpfyr gS] ftldk vFkZ gksrk gS :i Hkjuk] :i cukukA lkax D;k gS
  • 7. izkphudky esa lkax ds vius lewg gksrs FksA ,d izeq[k ds lkFk nl&ckjg dykdkj gksrs Fks A os lHkh oxksZa ,oa tkfr;ksa ls gksrs Fks] ,d lekurk gksrh FkhA os lc vPNs xk;d] oknd ,oa ys[kd gksrs Fks A gfj;k.kk ds gj {ks= esa dqN lkaxh csgn izfl} jgs gS A yksx rhl&pkyhl dksl iSny pydj lkax ns[kus tkrs Fks A ox Z
  • 8. ukVd ,oa yksdukV~; esa varj dsoy ifj"dkj] laLdkj] fu;eikyu ;k dks yksdukVd u dgdj yksdeap dgk tkrk gS] Lokax] ukSVadh] HkaxM+k] HkokbZ] rek'kk] Hkxr vkfn dk eapA bldk dkj.k lg gS fd ukBd esa ^oLrq* rFkk ^çLqrfr* nksuksa i{k ç/kku gksrs gSa] tcfd yksdukV~; esa çLrqfr i{k gh ç/kku gksrk gS] oLrq i{k ughaA lkax ,oa ukVd esa vUrj
  • 9. gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl) yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky] jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;] laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn] u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA os'kHkw"kk
  • 10. gfj;k.kk dh lqçfl) yksdukV~; 'kSyh lkax ;k Lokax gSA lkax dk orZeku Lo:i ,dne u vkdj] bldk Øfed fodkl gqvkA d'ehj ds Hkk.M ikFksj] iatkc ds uDdky] jktLFkku ds [;ky] mÙkjçns'k dh ukSaVdh o jkl fcgkj caxky ds tk=k] xqtjkr ds HkobZ rFkk jklM+k rFkk dsjy ds dFkdyh vkfn yksdukV~; dykvksa esa fdlh esa laxhr dh ç/kkurk gksrh gS rks fdlh esa vfHku;] laokn] xk;u] dFkk o HkfDr jl vkfn dh ç/kkurk jgrh gS ijUrq lkax dh fof'k"Vrk ;g gS fd blesa vfHku;] laokn] u`R;] laxhr] xk;u] dFkk rFkk HkfDr o vk/;kfRed fo"k;kuqlkj lHkh rRoksa dk lkeatL; gSA os'kHkw"kk
  • 11. v/;;u ds fy, fdlh lkfgR; dk oxhZdj.k t:jh gSA MkW- 'kadjyky ;kno us gfj;k.kh lkax ds leLr bfrgkl dks rhu Hkkxksa dks oxhZÑr fd;k gSA 1- iwoZ nhipUn ;qx 2- nhipUn ;qx 3- mÙkj nhipUn ;qx ijUrq MkW- j?kqchj flag eFkkuk us ^gfj;k.kk yksdukV~; ijEijk ,oa dfo f'kjksef.k ia0 ekaxsjke* uked iqLrd esa gfj;k.koh lkax dk oxhZdj.k bl çdkj fd;k gS & 1- iwoZ y[ehpUn ;qx 2- y[ehpUn ;qx 3- mÙkj y[ehpUn ;qx D;kasfd ia0 nhipUn gfj;k.koh lkax ds çkjfEHkd ;qx esa vkrs gSa vkSj e/; fcUnq fdlh Hkh fo/kk ds fodkl dk pje fcUnq gksrk gSA fgUnh dFkk lkfgR; esa tks LFkku eqU'kh çsepUn dk gS] gfj;k.koh lkax lkfgR; esa ia0 y[ehpUn dk gSA lkax dk oxhZdj.k
  • 12. ukSoha lnh esa ^fl} d.gIik* us ^Mksfeuh* ds lkFk Lokax djus dk vkg~oku ;ksx lk/kuk ds lanHkZ esa fd;k gSA Mksfefu;ksa ds LOkkax dh 'kSyh vkt Hkh mÙkj Hkkjr ds fn[kkbZ nsrh gS ftlesa lHkh ik=ksa dk vfHku; Mkse tkfr dh ukfj;ksa }kjk xhr vkSj ok| ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA laØe.k ;qx ¼1200 bZ- ls 1750bZ- rd½
  • 13. ia0 jkefd'kuyjky C;kl dk ekuuk gS fd 13oha 'krkCnh ds çkjaHk esa gh lkax vfLrRo esa vk x;k FkkA mUgksaus ukjukSy fuoklh xqtjkrh czkã.k fcgkjhyky ls lkax ds mn~Hko dks ekuk gSA fcgkjhyky %
  • 14. lu~ 1709 esa ckyeqdqan lkaxh gq, gSA buds laca/k esa vf/kd tkudkjh ugha feyrh ijUrq blus dbZ f'k"; gq, gSa ftUgksaus lkax ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku esa fn;kA ckyeqdqUn %
  • 15. Jh jktkjke 'kkL=h us lu~ 1958 esa çdkf'kr viuh iqLrd ^gfj;k.kk yksd eap dh dgkfu;ka* esa fy[kk gS fd yxHkx lok lkS lky iwoZ ftl T;ksfr dks fd'kuyky HkkV us çTofyr fd;k], 170 o"kZ ckn mlh dks ia0 nhipUn us Lo:i ifjorZu fd;kA fd'kuyky HkkV %
  • 16. lknqYyk ftyk xqM+xao dh rglhy uwag ls Ng ehy nwj vkdgsM+k xzke dk fuoklh FkkA yxHkx 300 o"kZ iwoZ gtjr lknqYyk dk oak vkdgsM+k esa jktLFkku ls vkdj clk FkkA lknqYyk }kjk jfpr egkHkkjr dks ^ik.Mwu dk dM+k* dgk tkrk gSA iaMwu dk dM+k esoktr {ks= dh tu&egkHkkjr gSA lknqYyk us bldh jpuk lu~ 1987 esa dh FkhA gtjr lknqYyk %
  • 17. lkaxh calhyky ds laca/k esa dksbZ fo'ks"k tkudkjh miyC/k ugha gSA fd'kuyky HkkV ds ckn] lkax dks lathouh calhyky us fiykbZA budk le; 1800 bZ ekuk tkrk gSA calhyky %
  • 18. lkax ijEijk dks vkxs c<+kus esa vEckjke xqtjkrh czkgk.k us lu~ 1819 esa bl dyk dk çn'kZu fd;kA bl le; lkax 'Syh bruh egRoiw.kZ gks x;bZ Fkh fd ukVddkj Hkh mls viukus yx x, FksA ia0 vEckjke %
  • 19. 19oha 'krh mÙkjk)Z esa laxdyk dks vyhc['k dh çfrHkk dk lacy feykA buds lkaxksa dh /kwe gfj;k.kk] esjB o esokr esa [kwc ephA mudk dk;Zdky 1854 ls 1899 ekuk tkrk gSA vyhc['k %
  • 20. ;ksxs'oj ckydjke xkao 'ks[kiqj] ftyk djuky ds fuoklh FksA muds lkax iwjuey HkDr rFkk fugky ns uj lqyrku miyC/k gksrs gSaA ckydjke %
  • 21. Fkkuslj [k.M ds dfFkr dfo;ksa esa lokZf/kd [;kfr feyh Fkh] Jh vnenc['k dksA mudh lkax Ük`a[kyk bl çdkj gS & jkek;.k] t;ey QÙkk] xwxk pkSgku] lksjB] pUæfdj.k] uoyns vkSj dal yhykA mu fnuksa Fkkuskj esa Hkknj dk v[kkM+k vkSj ukud dk v[kkM+k uke ls nks çfl) v[kkM+sa FksA vgenc['k Fkkusljh %
  • 22. rkÅ lkaxh gfj;k.kk ds çfl) lkaxh gq, gSA budk le; 19oha 'krkCnh dk mÙkjk)Z gSA buds vlyh uke dk irk ugha pyrkA bUgksaus ^#fDe.k&fookg* uked ,d i|c) jpuk dh gSA rkÅ lkaxh %
  • 23. ftyk esjB esa fLFkr xzke [ksM+h dkfleiqj ds fuoklh ia0 fd'kuyky ds lkaxksa ,oa vU; dkO;:ilsa dh Hkk"kk Hkh gfj;k.koh gh FkhA buds jfpr lkax eskj/ot] gfj'pUæ] HkDr çgykn vkSj Å"kk vfu#æA blds vfrfjDr mUgksaus Lora=k :i esa ^ckjgeklk* dh Hkh jpuk dh FkhA ia0 fd'kuyky %
  • 24. 'kknhjke dk tUe 1889 esa dSFky ls 9&10 fdeh dh nwjh ij fLFkr ^lhou* uked dLcs esa eulkjke lqiq= rksrjke ds ?kj gqvkA mUgksaus jkek;.k] Ñ".kyhyk] m"kk&vfu#æ vkfn vusd dFkk,a fy[khA 'kknhjke %
  • 25. 19oha 'krkCnh esa gfj;k.kk lkax eap ij ,d çfrHkk lEiUu l'kDr O;fDrRo dk vkfoHkkZo gqvk] ftls ia0 nhipUn ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA buds çfl) lkax lksjB] lj.kns&jktk Hkkst] uy&ne;arh] xkshpUn egkjkt] gfj'pUæ] mÙkuikn rFkk T;kuh pksj gSA ia0 nhipUn %
  • 26. ia0 nhiPkUn ds ckn ia0 l:ipUn fuoklh fnlkSj [ksM+h dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA Üka`xkj] ohj ,oa 'kkUr jlksa dh buds lkaxksa esa ç/kkurk gSA l:ipUn %
  • 27. ia0 nhipUn ds f'k"; xksjM+ fuoklh gjnsok Lokeh gq,A muds çeq[k lkax ghj&jka>k] T;kuh pksj rFkk pUæfdj.k gSA gjnsok Lokeh %
  • 28. ftyk lksuhir ds nfg;k [kki ds xkao fllk.kk fo0la0 1855 Jko.k dh f'kojkf= dks lukru /kehZ xk;d cnywjke ds T;s"B iq= ds :i esa gqvkA ckts Hkxr %
  • 29. mudk tUr lEor~ 1926 esa fHkokuh esa gqvk rFkk e`R;q laor 1979 esaA buds ^etywe iatkc* vkSj nqYgk HkkVh* uked lkax çfl) gS lwjtHkku oekZ %
  • 30. ia0 y[ehpUn] ia0 nhipUn ds ckn lcls vf/kd [;kfr çkr lkaxh FksA budk tUe 15 tqykbZ 1903 dks lkekU; xzkeh.k ifjokj esa xkao fljlk tkaVh esa gqvkA ia0 y[ehpUn ds xq# Hktuhd ekuflag FksA ia0 y[ehpUn %
  • 31. ia0 ekaxsjke dk tUe 1905 esa ekuk tkrk gSA blds firk Jh vejflag xkao lqlk.k ftyk lksuhir ds fuoklh FksA ia0 ekaxsjke %
  • 32. ia0 jkedqekj vghjoky {ks= ds çeq[k lkaxh gq, gSaA jsokM+h ftys ds xzke [kkysVk ds ewy fuoklh ia0 jktdqekj dks bykds ds yksx [kkysfV;k ds uke ls tkurs gSaA mUgksaus djhc vk/kk ntZu pfpZr lkaxksa dh jpuk ,oa eapu fd;kA ia0 jkedqekj %
  • 33. jsokM+h ftys ds xzke tSrM+kokl esa nfyr ifjokj esa tUesa ek- usdhjke us nf{k.kh gfj;k.kk ds vykok jktLFkku esa Hkh lkax ds {ks= esa uke dek;kA mUgha rhu ihf<+;ksa lkax dk lao)Zu Hkh fd;kA ek- usdhjke %
  • 34. ia0 jkekuUn xksfj;k xkao ds ewy fuoklh Fks rFkk lkax fo/kk ds fy, >Ttj] jsokM+h] xqM+xkao rFkk egsUæx<+ ds pfpZr dykdkj jgs gSaA ia0 jkekuUn %
  • 35. 1- gfj;k.koh lkfgR; dk bfrgkl ¼j?kqohj flag eFkkuk@MkW- ckcwjke½ 2- gfj;k.kk ds yksd lkfgR; ¼jktkjke 'kkL=h½ 3- gfj;k.kk dk bfrgkl ¼ds-lh- ;kno½ 4- gfj;k.kk dh yksdukV~; ijEijk ¼jkeukjk;.k vxzoky½ 5- lkax ij MkW jkeQy pgy dk vkys[k 6- lkax ij jktfd'ku uSu dk vkys[k 7- lkax ij vkseçdk'k dkn;ku dk vkys[k 8- lkax ij lR;ohj ukgfM+;k dk vkys[k 9- Øe la[;k 5&6&7 ds ys[kdksa ls ukgfM+;k dh ckrphr 10- egk'k; Hkheflag ls lR;ohj ukgfM+;k dh ckrphr lanHkZ&lwph %
  • 36.
  • 37. dyk mRlo dh lwpuk oSls rks mDr mRlo ds lUnHkZ esa foHkkx dh izFke Mkd ebZ ekg esa gh vk x;h Fkh] fdUrq mlesa izk#i dh u rks Ik;kZIr tkudkjh Fkh vkSj u gh fu;ekoyh A i= esa dgk x;k Fkk fd bl laanHkZ esa foLr`r tkudkjh vkidks 'kh?kz Hksth tk;sxh A xzh"ekodk’k ds ckn Hkh mDr tkudkjh ugha fey ik;h A vxLr ekg ds izFke esa u;h Mkd ls lacfU/kr tkudkjh feyh rFkk ftyk f’k{kk vf/kdkjh Jh /keZCkhj CkYMksfn;k us Lo;a mDr fu;ekoyh iznku dj izksRlkfgr fd;k rFkk 17 vxLr ls ge bl fn’kk esa dk;Z djus yxs A ys[ku dk;Z lacfU/kr lwpuk feyrs ghs mRlo dh fu;ekoyh ds vuqlkj ys[ku dk;Z “kq# fd;k] ftlesa nks jkxfu;ka ,oa ,d lkax dk dFkkud fy[kk x;k A blesa le; lhek ,oa vU; dkj.kksa ls ,d nks ifjorZu Hkh fd, x;s A
  • 38. izfrHkkxh & Vhe¼dykdkj ½ dk p;u ebZ o tqykbZ ekg esa fo|ky; esa vk;ksftr dh x;h ikap & Ng ckylHkkvksa ds vk/kkj ij xk;u] vfHku; ,oa oknu ls tqM+s lacfU/kr fo|kfFkZ;ksa dk p;u fd;k x;k A rS;kjh i{k djhc chl fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks dyk mRlo dh cgqvk;keh tkudkjh nh x;h rFkk mUgsa jkxuh o lkax ds ckjs esa le>k;k x;k A bl izfdz;k esa vius dFkkud dks mUgsa le>k;k x;k] Hkkjr&Pkhu ;q} dh ekfeZd nkLrka lquk;h x;h] lacfU/kr i{k dks UkkV~; #i ds yksd i{k ¼lkax½ esa thoar djus ds fy, fuR; fj;kt izkjEHk fd;k x;k A gj jkst ,d fu/kkZfjr izk#i dks nksgjkdj lHkh Ikk=ksa] [kkldj xk;dksa dks mudh Hkwfedk daBLFk djok;h x;h A djhc nl fjgLkZy rFkk nks Qqy Mªsl fjglZy iwjs Ldwy ds le{k eafpr dh x;h A
  • 39. lacfU/kr fnDdrsa ,oa lek/kku igyh fnDdr vk jghs Fkh fd vf/kdrj Nk= foKku oxZ ds Fks rFkk csgn es/kkoh Hkh & oLrqr% os i<kbZ ds i{k dks ysdj LokHkkfod #i ls fpafrr Fks] ftlds pyrs vf/kdrj rS;kjh NqVVh ds fnu Ldwy vkdj dh x;h rFkk muds [kkyh ihjh;Ml ds eqrkfcd mudh VqdM+ksa esa rS;kjh dh x;h A nwljh fnDdr Fkh fd p;fur fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d Hkh Nk= ok|;a= ctkuk ugha tkurk Fkk A fu;ekoyh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mUgsa #fp ds eqrkfcd gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd vkfn izkFkfedrk ls fn[kk;k x;k A rhljh fnDdr] dqN Nk= efgyk ik= dk jksy fuHkkus ls drjk jgs Fks fdarq mUgsa vfHku; {ks= ,oa lkax fo/kk ds ewy Lo#i dhs izsjd tkudkjh nsdj rS;kj fd;k x;k A
  • 40. lacfU/kr fnDdrsa ,oa lek/kku igyh fnDdr vk jghs Fkh fd vf/kdrj Nk= foKku oxZ ds Fks rFkk csgn es/kkoh Hkh & oLrqr% os i<kbZ ds i{k dks ysdj LokHkkfod #i ls fpafrr Fks] ftlds pyrs vf/kdrj rS;kjh NqVVh ds fnu Ldwy vkdj dh x;h rFkk muds [kkyh ihjh;Ml ds eqrkfcd mudh VqdM+ksa esa rS;kjh dh x;h A nwljh fnDdr Fkh fd p;fur fo|kfFkZ;ksa esa ls ,d Hkh Nk= ok|;a= ctkuk ugha tkurk Fkk A fu;ekoyh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, mUgsa #fp ds eqrkfcd gkjeksfu;e] <ksyd vkfn izkFkfedrk ls fn[kk;k x;k A rhljh fnDdr] dqN Nk= efgyk ik= dk jksy fuHkkus ls drjk jgs Fks fdarq mUgsa vfHku; {ks= ,oa lkax fo/kk ds ewy Lo#i dhs izsjd tkudkjh nsdj rS;kj fd;k x;k A
  • 41. dyk lao)Zu lq>ko dyk mRlo tSls vk;kstu yksdlaLd`fr ds i{k/kj] iks’kd ,oa ltx izgjh gS & oLrqr% dyk mRlo tSls dk;Zdze izkFkfed] ek/;fed oxZ ls ghs gksuk pkfg, A foYkqIr gksrh bu yksddykvksa ds laj{k.k ds fy, {ks= ds yksddykdkjksa dks lhfer ekuns; ds lkFk Ldwyksa ls bu mRloksa esa tksM+k tk, A
  • 49. 1- eqds'k iq= Jh gfjçdk'k XI (foKku½ 2- nhid iq= Jh /kesZUæ XII ¼dyk½ 3- egs'k iq= Jh iksgi flag XII (foKku½ 4- nhid iq= Jh v'kksd ;kno XII (foKku½ 5- vt; iq= Jh jes'k dqekj XII (foKku½ 6- lqfer iq= Jh fnus'k 'kekZ XI (foKku½ 7- vuwi iq= Jh lat; dqekj XI (foKku½ 8- euh"k iq= Jh f'ko dqekj XI (foKku½ 9- fofiu iq= Jh iksgi flag IX 10- vuqjkx iq= Jh lR;iky IX 11- xksfoUn iq= Jh t;Hkxoku X 12- ccyh iq=h Jh xtjkt flag X gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh dykdkj
  • 50. ifjdYiuk] ys[ku ,oa funsZ'ku % lR;ohj ukgfM+;k] çk/;kid ¼jlk;u&'kkL=½ ekxZn'kZu ,oa lg;ksx % MkW- gfjçdk'k] vt; 'kekZ] vfuy dqekj] bZ'ojflag ;kno] Jherh xhrk] Jhifr flag çsj.kk ,oa lg;ksx % Jh /keZchj cYMksfn;k ¼ ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh] jsokM+h½ Jh jktdqekj tyok ¼ çkpk;Z] jkvkoekfo chdsiqj½ Ekap ds ihNs --- gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 51. eaxykpj.k i{k loZçFke lkax ds eap ij lkftans vkrs gSa rFkk os oanuk dh Lojygfj;ka NsM+rs gSa & ¼/kqu % n;kdj nku HkfDr dk----½ Lojygfj;ksa ds cnyrs gh pkj u`R;kaxuk,a eap ij u`R; djrh gqbZ çdV gksrh gSa rFkk eap ds pkjksa dksuksa ij u`R; ds ckn xq#oanuk djrh gSa & lkjh nqfu;k ukprh] Hkkar&Hkkar ds ukpA dkS.k upkoS ukp lHk] ckp ldS rS ckpAA u`R; çLrqfr % ¼/kqu % ukfxu@jksy+k iry+h dej dk--½ ----var esa çeq[k lkaxh udyh ds lkFk eap ij iwjh 'kku&vks&'kkSdr ls vkrs gSaA urZfd;ka pj.k oanuk djrh gSa] udyh udy djrk gS fQj eq[; lkaxh ljLorh oanuk djrs gSa & lq.k esjh ek¡ 'kkjns] jf[k;ks ekbZ yktA lHkk chp dj tksM+ dS] gq;k [kM~;k eSa vktAA dj fgjns Ega pkan.kk] dj ek¡ iwjh vklA dj tksM+w eSa ekaxrk] HkhÙkjyk ijdklAA cksfy;s ljLorh eS;k dh t;-------------A gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 52. Lkkaxh&udyh laokn lkaxh % lkax vkt dk fn[ks] lHk lqf.k;ks yk dS /;kuA fnoky+h cklB dh] lS vku&cku vj L;kuAA rks esjs lkaxçseh lTtuksA vkt dk lkax ns'kHkfDr dk lkax gS-- -- rks cksfy;s Hkkjr ekrk dh------t;A udyh % vj cksfy;s lkaxxkrk dh----------t;A lkaxh % vcs pqIi! cksfy;s xÅekrk dh-----t;! udyh % vj cksyks cgwekrk dh-------t;! lkaxh % çseh lTtuksA vkt dk lkax&gfj;k.kk ds tokuksa dh L;ku lSA ckr fdl ekSds dh & blrS igye &Y;ks gfj;k.kk ?kweY;ks & udyh % xq# th djka ?kqekbZ&Fke lkFk djks dforkbZA lkaxh % dforkbZ dh i<+kbZ &ys lh[k rw dforkbZ--igyh rqd feykbZA & jS ekuY;s rw eaxrk lS-----! udyh % xq# th ekY;ks ge nksUuwa eaxrs lS---! bcdS vk;k th lkA lkaxh % ru esjh rqd Ega rqd feyk.kh lSA & ?kkfy;ks gs ekbZA thoSa rsjs HkrhTts HkkbZA gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 53. udyh % vj Hkkg~j fydM+ dS ns[k&[kM+s rsjs nks&nks tekbZA lkaxh % pqi! blhfy, dg~;k lS udy Ega ch vDy pfg,A çseh lTtuks! tSlk fd vkt ds lkax dk uke gS fnoky+h cklB dh ckr lu~ cklB dh gSA iM+kSlh ns'k phu us fgUnh&phuh HkkbZ&HkkbZ ukjs dh vkM+ esa gekjs lkFk fo'okl?kkr fd;k rFkk jkrksjkr geyk cksy fn;kA geys ls cs[kcj lsuk dh VqdM+h esa gfj;k.kk ds toku vius çns'k dh vkil esa D;k efgrk crk jgs FksA D;k crk;k Hkyk-----c.kk jS nsLlh-- ---gfj;k.kk----pkSdfy;kA gq;k gfj dk vk.kk t~;c ;ks gfj;k.kk dgyk;kA HkkjrHkj Eg lcrS U;kjk ;ks ijnsl crk;kAVsdA gfj;k.kk ;ks tk.k~;k tk lS&j.k Ega gkFk fn[kk.ks EgaA QkSth /kje fuHkk.ks Ega vj g¡l fgUn iS feV tk.ks EgaA nw/k&ngh ds [kk.ks Ega vj lksUuk [ksr mxk.ks EgaA xhÙkk X;ku lq.kk.ks Ega vj pk:a csn i<+k.ks EgaA [ksYyka ds eSMy Y;k.ks Ega&rks tx Ega uke dek;kA HkkjrHkj Ega lcrS U;kjk ;ks ijnsl crk;kAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 54. udyh % okg xq# th okg! yB~B gs rS xkM+ fn;k tS Fkkjh vkKk gks rSa ,d fydM+k&lk eSa ch rksM+ n~;wa & lkaxh % dk<+Y;s QM+d! cksfy;s Hkkjr ekrk dh! xÅekrk dh-----t;A udyh % cksfy;s [kkxM+ ckCcw dh-----t;A vks isêh ekLVj! pha&pha cksYy.k ns bleSA vj Fke ds Vqdwj&Vqdwj nsD[kks lksA jSy c.kkn~;ks---tek lwM+ikM+ jkxuh lS! gs----jS---jS Egkjk gfj;k.kk---nsl I;kjk gfj;k.kkA --------------------vk.kk gq;k Fkk Hkxoku dkAA gfj;k.ks ds Nksjs lkjs NSy&NchYys lSaA ukPpS&dwnSa C;k&'kknh Ega ?k.ks jaxhYys lSaA ekVh xsY;ka ekVh gksT;ka bls gBhYys lSaA eqM+&eqM+ ns[kS nqfu;k lkjh bls jkschYys lSaA gs----jS---jS Egkjk gfj;k.kk---nsl I;kjk gfj;k.kkA --------------------vk.kk gq;k Fkk Hkxoku dkAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 55. lkaxh % psYys phUuh gks x;s] [kwc tek;k jaxA lkax lq.kks Y;ks vkt dk] cklB vky+h taxA çseh lTtuks! ;g lkax lPph ?kVuk gSA Hkkjr&phu ds chp lu~ 1962 esa gqbZ yM+kbZ dk fdLlk gS diVh phu us 18 uoEcj dk fnu blhfy, pquk D;ksafd ml fnu fnoky+h dk R;ksgkj Fkk & D;k Fkh fnoky+h cklB dhA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 56. udyh % ¼tsy+h ds lkFk½ esjk blk th dj jg~;k lS vd phu d chu&lh cT;k n~;waA lkaxh % fVdT;k ryS uS] ckÙkka dh iwjh rkj~;k rS dke uk pkYyS--- ctkoSxk chu! cksyckYyk lq.kY;sA rks lkaxçsfe;ks! 18 uoEcj 1962 dh ckr gSA diVh iM+kSlh phu uS nksLrh dh vkM+ esa gekjs ns'k ij /kkok cksy fn;kA ml fnu fnokyh dk R;ksgkj FkkA m/kj] lhe ij tax dk ekgkSy Fkk vkSj b/kj] gfj;k.kk ds lsuk ds nks toku] tks lxs HkkbZ Fks----Nqêh vk;s gq;s FksA NksVs dh u;h&u;h 'kknh gqbZ Fkh rFkk cM+k cki cuus okyk FkkA bu tokuksa dk ifjokj iwjs jaxpko esa FkkA C;kg dh [kqekjh mrjh Hkh ugha Fkh fd vpkud ds rkj vkrk gS ftls i<+dj ;g tksM+h vkSj ifjokj fdl rS;kjh esa tqVrk gS & Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 57. gks lhe iS rM+dS tk.kk lSA cSjh uS yydkj yxk;h&/kje fuHkk.kk lSAVsdA eu&ekM+k er dj] ekM+h lS ;k ckr ckcwA QkSt Ega rw jg~;k gksM+] tk.krk gkykr ckcwA rM+dS xkM+h eSa fcBkb,] Bg:a cl jkr ckcwA----2 vkaloka uS jksd ekr] ckr ?kM+h&L;kr lq.kA dwV&dwV ruS Hkj~;s] lkjs ;s tTckr lq.kA dns Hkh uk gks.kh pfg, Hkkjr ek¡ dh ^ekr* lq.kA----2 gka ukgfM+;k dg~;k fuHkk.kk lSA ihB fn[kkb, uk j.k Eg] uk nw/k ytk.kk lSAA----2 Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 58. lkaxh % ,sls gksrs gSa gfj;k.ks ds yky] tks nsl&/keZ ij ejuk&feVuk tkurs gSaA ;gka dh ohjkaxuk,a Hkh de ugha gSaA mu lSfudksa dh ifRu;ka mUgsa dSls fonk djrh gSa Hkyk & vi.kk /keZ fuHkkb, rw] eSa vi.kk Qjt fuHkkÅaxhA tax thr dS vkb, fi;k] eSa ckV ns[krh ikÅaxhAVsdA eSa lkPph&lkPph cksYywa] ;k ckr irs dh rksYywaA uk bZc ryd eSa cksY;h] bc eu dh ?kqaMh [kksYywaA yqd&fNi dS uS csLld jksYywa] ij lkjs Qjt fuHkkÅaxhA tax thr dS vkb, fi;k] eSa ckV ns[krh ikÅaxhAA lkaxh % bykds ds ljnkjks! bl rjg ls ;s nksuksa lSfud ckWMZj ij pys tkrs gSaA dk'ehj ds ysg&yík[k dk bykdk] 18 gtkj QqV dh ÅapkbZ] ekbul 40 fMxzh rkieku] 13 dqekÅa] lh&dEiuh] 124 toku] 3 tslhvks] dEiuh daekMj estj ,l-,l HkkVh] vkns'k ikrs gh lHkh us ekspkZ laHkky fy;k & Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 59. nqfu;kHkj Ega vkt ryd] gks;h uk blh yM+kbZA Bkj~gk uoEcj lu~ cklB Ega] phu uS djh p<+kbZAVsdA geyk gksX;k ysg NsÙkj Eg] ?k.kh lcsjS rM+dSA rsjgk dqekÅa&lh dEiuh] [kM+h jstkaxyk vM+dSA Fks ,d lkS pkSchl ohj Egkjs] ekSds iS tks HkM+dsA yEcs&rxM+s ohj xkHk:] u;s&u;s dqN yM+dsA dgS ukgfM+;k xksy+s dM+dS ok ?kkVh U;aw Fkj~jkbZA Bkj~gk uoEcj lu~ cklB Ega] phu uS djh p<+kbZAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 60. lkaxh % çseh lTtuks! m/kj ;q) tkjh Fkk vkSj b/kj uk;d flagjke ;kno ds ?kj ,d fcfV;k tUe ysrh gSA vkt tgka yM+dh iSnk gksrs gh ?kjksa esa ekre&lk Nk tkrk gSA ogha /kU; Fkk og ifjokj tgka bl csVh ds tUe ij [kqf'k;ka eukbZ tk jgh FkhA lkaxh % psYys] fdlh us Bhd dgk gS & igys gekjs ?kj dPps gqvk jgrs fdarq muesa jgus okys yksx cM+s iDds Fks---vkSj vkt gekjs ?kj rks iDds gks x;s gSa ij vc yksx dPps gks x;s gSaA udyh % xq#th! dPps ugha tek dPpsA drha ?kfV;kA vkt ds Vse Ega ;k csVh gksrh gh ugha-------tS vYVªklkmaM nsoh-----vj tS iSnk gks ch tkrh rS bluS tue ds Vse iS ;s rkUus lq.k.k uS feyrs & blh fujHkkx.k ?kj Ega vkbZ lS-----vkrs gs ?kj dh 'kkfUr uS [kkX;hA lkaxh % psys rw Bhd dgS lSA ftl ohjHkwfe ghjoky uS nsl rS lcrS T;knk lSukuh fn;s] lcrS T;knk QkSth lSfud fn;s] lcrS T;knk 'knj j.kckadqjsa fn;s] vkt bykds Ega Nksjh isV Ega ekjh tkjh lSaA ds c[k+r vk;k lS-A fganqLrku dks igyh xkS'kkyk ns.k vky+k jsokM+h vkt csn dh ckr ch Hkwy x;kA &csV~Vs&csV~Vh Ega djSa] ekr&firk tks HksnA t?kka ujd Ega ikaors] dg U;wa pk:a csnAA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 61. udyh % xq#th! Qsj ds gq;kA lkaxh % psYys! crkrs gSa gks.kh gksdj jgrh gS rFkk Ng phtsa cans ds cl Ega ugha gq;k djrhA udyh % dkS.k&dkS.k lh xq#th lkaxh % ykHk&gk.kh] ;'k&vi;'k] th.kk&ej.kkA udyh % gq;k ds xq#th! lkaxh % jS psYys lq.kk;k ch uk tkrkA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 62. lkaxh % vkSj bl rjg ls frjaxs dh vku&cku vkSj 'kku ds fy, 13 dqekÅa ds 124 tokuksa esa ls 114 toku 'kghn gks x;s fdarq mUgksaus nq'eu ds ukikd bjknksa dks foQy dj fn;kA udyh % gk; jke! xq#th ij U;wa crkÅa ml tksM+h dk ds jgk lkaxh % jS ds cwT>Sxk----ml ohjksa ds ekrk&firk rFkk mudh ohjkaxukvksa dks ,d lius esa dqN vglkl gks x;k Fkk-- - n;k djks gs jketh] n;k djks gs n;kyA yM+.k lhe iS lSa x;s] dqy ds nks&nks ykyAA lkaxh % rks çseh lTtuks! ifjokj dks tks vk'kadk Fkh---ogh gq;k & nqfu;kHkj Ega vkt ryd felky blh uk ikbZA ,d eksjps iS feVX;s gksa] nsl dS [kkÙkj HkkbZA D;wadj lcj dj~;k gksXkk] ok ?kM+h dlwrh vkbZA eku ns.k uS cSjh uS] mYVh Vksih yVdkbZA djh ^ukgfM+;k* uS dforkbZ] uSu fn[ks Hkj vk,A ,d cadj Ega 'kghn gks x,] ,d ek¡ ds nks tk,AA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 63. udyh % gk; jke! xq#th] vkt Hkjh lHkk Ega Fkkjs pj.kka dh lkSax/k [kkdS dgwa lwa-----vkXxS rS dns g¡lh&etkd ugha d:axkA bu ohjka uS esjk ij.kkeA lkaxh % esjs lkax çseh lTtuks! bl ;q) esa dEiuh daekMj lfgr 114 toku ns'k ds dke vk,A ,d ijeohj pØ] vkB ohj pØ tSls f[krkc bl ;q) dh ohjrk ,oa vnE; lkgl ds dgkuh dgrs gSaA bl ;q) ds 'kghnksa ds ikfFkZo 'kjhj dbZ ekg ckn jsMØkl dks cQZ ds chp ;q) eqæk esa feysA udyh % xq#th! ml ifjokj ij D;k chrh gksxh lkaxh % ;g QkSft;ksa dk ifjokj FkkA dqN QkSth ijEijk us lacy fn;k] dqN laLdkjksa us laHkkyk rFkk ckdh ?kko oDr us Hkj fn;kA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 64. c[kr cM+k cyoku lS] Hkjrk lkjs ?kkoA c[kr&c[kr dk Qsj gks] ikj rkjrk ukoAA dq.kcs uS uk fgEer gkjh] jhr fuHkk;h dqy dh lkjhA ml fcfV;k dks [kwc i<+k;k] iwr Qsj oks dqy Ega vk;kA jhr fn[ks Fkh lHkh fuHkk.kh] jgh I;kj rS nksj&ftBk.khA gq;h QkSt Ega Hkjrh I;kjh] fcfV;k vQlj c.kh gekjhA csVs us Hkh eku c<+k;k] lSfud vQlj cudj vk;kA xke&xke ds nksUuwa I;kjs] >aMk feydj os QgjkjsA ;kn fnokyh vk x;h] [kwc fuHkk;h jhrA mu nksUuksa ds lkFk Ega] lHkuS xk;k xhrA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 65. lkaxh % vius xkao ds Ldwy esa 15 vxLr ds fnu frjaxk Qgjkus ds ckn ml gksugkj csVh us lHkh dk eu thr fy;k yM+dh % vknj.kh; esjs firkrqY; cqtqxksZ] ekrkvks&cguks] J)s; xq#tuks rFkk I;kjs cPpks! vkt vius Ldwy esa eq>s tks eku&lEeku fn;k x;k gS & og lnk ;kn jgsxkA ;fn esjk ifjokj eq>s csVs dh rjg ugha ikyrk] eq>s ugha i<+krk rks eSa lsuk esa vf/kdkjh ugha cu ikrh rFkk esjs firk ds lius lkdkj ugha gksrsA esjh eka crkrh gS fd ;q) esa tkus iwoZ Nqêh ds nkSjku os vius cPpksa dks Hkh lSfud cukus dh fnyh bPNk j[krs FksA esjh eka us mudk liuk lkdkj fd;k gSA eSa vki lcls dguk pkgwaxh fd vc oDr cny pqdk gS---vkb, csVs&csVh esa HksnHkko dks R;kxsaA Lkkaxh&udyh laokn gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 66. pkph % csVs] rqe yrkth dk oks xhr ugha lqukvksxh D;k yM+dh % t:j----blh dkeuk ds lkFk fd vki lc jstkaxyk dh bl 'kgknr esa fNih csVh dh dgkuh dks csVh cpkus rFkk csVh i<+kus ds ladYi ds :i esa ysaxs rFkk vki lc mu 'kghnksa dks lPph J)katfy nsaxs & xhr % v esjs oru ds yksxks-----tjk vka[k esa Hkj yks ikuh gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 67. pkph % csVs] rqe yrkth dk oks xhr ugha lqukvksxh D;k yM+dh % t:j----blh dkeuk ds lkFk fd vki lc jstkaxyk dh bl 'kgknr esa fNih csVh dh dgkuh dks csVh cpkus rFkk csVh i<+kus ds ladYi ds :i esa ysaxs rFkk vki lc mu 'kghnksa dks lPph J)katfy nsaxs & xhr % v esjs oru ds yksxks-----tjk vka[k esa Hkj yks ikuh gfj;k.koh lkax% fnoky+h cklB dh
  • 68.
  • 69. Ikk= ifjp; Nk= d{kk firk Ok|k;a= 1& eq[; lkaxh eqds’k X;kjgoha Jh gfjizdk’k <ksyd 2& udyh nhid Ckkjgoha Jh /kesZUnz Xkk;d 3&ekrk nhid Ckkjgoha Jh v’kksd ;kno uxkjh 4&firk egs’k Ckkjgoha Jh iksgi flag gkjeksfu;e 5&cM+k HkkbZ vt; Ckkjgoha Jh jes’k dqekj [kM+rky 6&NksVk HkkbZ Lqkfer X;kjgoha Jh fnus’k dqekj [kM+rky 7&tsBkuh vuwi X;kjgoha Jh lat; dqekj ?kaVh 8&nkSjkuh fofiu X;kjgoha Jh iksgi flag <ksyd 9&urZdh euh"k X;kjgoha Jh f’ko dqekj <ksyd 10& csVh vuqjkx ukSoha Jh lR;iky dSfl;ks 11&oknd xksfcan nloha Jh t;Hkxoku <ksyd 12&oknd ccyh (CWSN) nloha Jh xtjkt flag eVdk
  • 70. Jh LkR;ohj ukgfM+;k¼izoDrk jlk;u “kkL=½ &&&&%vkxs%&&&& lkax dh rS;kfj;ksa dk fooj.k fp=koyh lfgr ¼lEcfU/kr Nk;kadu ,oa fQYekadu