Alageel 3 References: Antheunis, M. L., Schouten, A. P., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2012). Interactive uncertainty reduction strategies and verbal affection in Computer-Mediated Communication. Communication Research, 39(6), 757-780. Burgoon, J. K., Bonito, J., Ramirez, A. , Jr., Dunbar, N., Kam, K., & Fischer, J. (2002). Testing the interactivity principle: Effects of mediation, propinquity, and verbal and nonverbal modalities in interpersonal interaction. Journal of Communication, 52(3), 657-677. Mcmahan, E. M. (1976). Nonverbal communication as a function of attribution in impression formation. Communication Monographs, 43(4), 287-294. Miczo, N., Segrin, C., & Allspach, L. E. (2001). R etw nonverbal sensitivity, encoding, and relational satisfaction. ommunication Reports 14 ), 39-48. Ray, G. B., & Floyd, K. (2006). Nonverbal expressions o Ikmg and disliking in initial interaction: Encoding and decoding perspectives. Southern Communication Journal, 71(1), 45-65. Alageel 2 IV: Type of nonverbal usage, such as physical touch, eye contact, written words if provided, etc. The chosen topic for the research proposal will be about the nonverbal communication Impact on friendships and romantic relationships. e reason for choosing the topic is to check how the nonverb commumca iffer d how unication style is lookat the studies that are already discussedpre There are a lot of ways to express the nonverbal interactions in different situations, y. such as expressing emotions at first time and later meetings, showing preferences, using socimedia later for exampling, etc. The fo thefuture paperis-to ow nonverbal commun•cation was examined in many studies in different situations and what are at the studies came up with to be applied in future research as for discovering different points of view in interactions between people in relational experiences. As of how to form expresstons er al cues from initial meeting and future meetings. The targeted people in the research will be included from both genders at an adult age starting at 18 years and above. Looking at Ray and Floyd (2006) is an example of a study for showing the preferences in nonverbal emotions. Li previous research while later sources will be provided throughout the process. The provided (\ research questions and variables are the building focus that is going to be tested for the research o application regarding nonverbal communication settings. S-UV,— does the firstlimpression make an impact in friendships and romantic r ionships? D Gender Reaction towards the act. SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS 3 Running head: SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents Student Name Arizona State University The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents In recent years, a rapid increase in technology has changed the way people communicat.

1. Alageel 3
References:
Antheunis, M. L., Schouten, A. P., Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter,
J. (2012). Interactive uncertainty
reduction strategies and verbal affection in Computer-Mediated
Communication.
Communication Research, 39(6), 757-780.
Burgoon, J. K., Bonito, J., Ramirez, A. , Jr., Dunbar, N., Kam,
K., & Fischer, J. (2002). Testing
the interactivity principle: Effects of mediation, propinquity,
and verbal and nonverbal
modalities in interpersonal interaction. Journal of
Communication, 52(3), 657-677.
Mcmahan, E. M. (1976). Nonverbal communication as a
function of attribution in impression
formation. Communication Monographs, 43(4), 287-294.
Miczo, N., Segrin, C., & Allspach, L. E. (2001). R etw
nonverbal sensitivity,
encoding, and relational satisfaction. ommunication Reports 14
), 39-48.
Ray, G. B., & Floyd, K. (2006). Nonverbal expressions o Ikmg
and disliking in initial

2. interaction: Encoding and decoding perspectives. Southern
Communication Journal,
71(1), 45-65.
Alageel 2
IV: Type of nonverbal usage, such as physical touch, eye
contact, written words if provided, etc.
The chosen topic for the research proposal will be about the
nonverbal
communication
Impact on friendships and romantic relationships.
e reason for choosing the topic is to check how the nonverb
commumca
iffer d how unication style
is
lookat the studies that are already discussedpre There are a lot
of ways to express the nonverbal interactions in different
situations,
y.

3. such as expressing emotions at first time and later meetings,
showing preferences, using socimedia later for exampling, etc.
The fo thefuture paperis-to ow nonverbal
commun•cation was examined in many studies in different
situations and what are
at the studies came up with to be applied in future research as
for discovering different points
of view in interactions between people in relational experiences.
As of how to form expresstons
er al cues from initial meeting and future meetings. The targeted
people in the
research will be included from both genders at an adult age
starting at 18 years and above.
Looking at Ray and Floyd (2006) is an example of a study for
showing the preferences in
nonverbal emotions. Li
previous research while later sources will be provided
throughout the process. The provided (
research questions and variables are the building focus that is
going to be tested for the research o
application regarding nonverbal communication settings. S-
UV,—
does the firstlimpression make an impact in friendships and
romantic r ionships?
D Gender Reaction towards the act.

4. SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS
3
Running head: SOCIAL NETWORKING EFFECTS
The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents
Student Name
Arizona State University
The Impact of Social Networking Media on Adolescents
In recent years, a rapid increase in technology has changed the
way people communicate and socialize. Social networking
websites such as Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter among others
have introduced a new form of communication to the masses,
specifically, computer mediated communication. According to
Livingstone (2008), social networking websites are popular to
people of many different ages. However, primary users of such
sites tend to be young people, adolescents in particular. Young
people find that social networking websites offer ways of
socializing that were not available to previous generations
(Livingstone, 2008). As such, the way adolescents are
becoming socialized is changing.
Some research suggests that there are unforeseen consequences
associated with self disclosure via computer-mediated
communication (McKenna & Bargh, 1999). A study by
Valkenburg, Schouten, and Peter (2005) suggests that social
networking websites have created virtual social communities in
which individuals can socialize and experiment with identity
creation and manipulation in ways that are entirely new and
different in comparison to forms of socialization encountered
prior to the expansion of social networking media. What
remains unanswered, however, is what effect these new forms of
socialization have on adolescents’ ability to socialize in face-to-
face interactions. This paper explores this question through an
examination of various interpersonal communication theories,
including self-disclosure and social penetration, and how these

5. theories might help explain the socialization process. From
there, this paper examines how these socialization processes
might differ in a computer mediated setting and what effect
these difference might have on adolescents’ abilities to
socialize in offline, face-to-face interactions. Before turning to
these theoretical discussions, it is important to first demonstrate
the extent to which social networking has permeated society.
Background and Need
Social networking website use rates have rapidly increased in
recent years. Facebook, arguably the most popular social
networking website, was created in 2004 and by 2007 had over
21 million members (Ellison, Steinfield, & Lampe, 2007). Soon
after the website’s introduction, Facebook, originally created as
a means for college students to connect with other college
students, launched a second version of the site geared towards
high school age users. Two thirds of Facebook users access the
website daily, which results in 1.6 billion site visits per day
(Ellison et al., 2007). With the digital divide becoming less and
less apparent, internet use rates globally, even within
technologically undeveloped countries, are climbing rapidly
(Orchard & Fullwood, 2010). According to Orchard and
Fullwood (2010), the amount of time internet users spend
online, as well as the number of online services, forms of
entertainment, and social networking forums has increased
dramatically in recent years. Internet use for the purpose of
socializing, according to Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark, Kiesler,
Mukopadhyay, and Scherlis (1998), may take away from time
internet users would spend socializing face-to-face or via more
traditional means. With such a dramatic increase in the use of
social networking media and obvious changes in the way people
are socializing, further research about the impact of social
networking media use on face-to-face interactions is certainly
warranted.
References

6. Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits
of facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use
of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 12, 1143-1168.
Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S.,
Mukopadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A
social technology that reduces social involvement and
psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53(9), 1017-
1031.
Livingstone, S. (2008). Taking risky opportunities in youthful
content creation: Teenagers’ use of social networking sites for
intimacy, privacy and self-expression. New Media Society,
10(3), 393-411.
McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A. (1999). Causes and
consequences of social interaction on the internet: A conceptual
framework. Media Psychology, 1(3), 249-269.
Orchard, L. J., & Fullwood, C. (2010). Current perspectives on
personality and internet use. Social Science Computer Review,
28(2), 155-169.
Valkenburg, P. M., Schouten, A. P., & Peter. J. (2005).
Adolescents' identity experiments on the internet. New Media
and Society, 7, 383-402.
Literature Review Assignment Part 1 Guidelines
Points: 30
Overview
The Literature Review Part 1 is the first half of your original
communication literature review project and builds upon your
Topic Proposal assignment. This first part of the paper focuses
on introducing the topic, providing a rationale for studying the

7. topic, and setting up the structure of the body of the paper.
This paper should be approximately two pages and conform to
APA 6th Ed. guidelines. It should also contain a cover page and
reference page. You are required to cite a minimum of three
scholarly references in this part of the paper and every
reference you cite in the paper (and only those references cited
in the paper) should be included on a reference page. Any
online sources used must be credible sources such as
government sites or sites backed by scholarly research. You will
be docked 5 points for each scholarly source under three in your
paper. In addition, you must write in third person. This means
avoiding words such as “you” and “we.” Use past tense when
reviewing findings from previous research, but use present tense
when discussing the implications of studies.
Introduction: The introduction should begin with something
that grabs the reader’s attention. From there, the introduction
should describe the communication-based situation that you are
interested in (i.e., your general topic area). Be sure to describe
your topic in a way that can be understood by someone with no
background in the area. The introduction should also introduce
the key variables (independent and dependent), but this should
be done in a fluid way (i.e., you should not have the phrase “the
independent variable is” and “the dependent variable is” like
you did in the Topic Proposal assignment). The introduction
should conclude with a clear thesis statement that fully
previews the body of the paper and transition sentence leading
into the background and need.
Background and Need: This section (also called the
“rationale”) is where you justify the selection of your topic.
Why is this something we should care about? Ways of
justifying the topic include describing its prevalence,
implications for individuals, families, organizations, or society.
Does your topic have implications for testing or expanding
theory? Does it have practical implications? Be sure to support
any claims that you make here with scholarly sources. This

8. section should conclude with a transition leading to the body of
the paper (i.e., the review of literature).