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3G Mobile Network Architecture and Standards
1.
2. 3-G is next generation of
mobile service capabilities
in terms of Bandwidth and
Network Functions.
3. 3
UMTS is the European vision of 3G.
UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE.
The standardization work for UMTS is carried out by Third
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
Data rates of UMTS are:
◦ 144 kbps for rural
◦ 384 kbps for urban outdoor
◦ 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
Virtual Home Environment (VHE)
4.
5. There are four Q.O.S for 3g :
1. Conversational class
2. Streaming class
3. Interactive class
4. Background class
6. UMTS QoS (service) classes
ConversationalConversational StreamingStreaming InteractiveInteractive BackgroundBackground
low delay
low delay variation
video
telephony/
conferencing
speech
video streaming
audio streaming
low round-trip
delay
www applications
delay is not critical
store-and- forward
applications
(e-mail, SMS)
file transfer
reasonably low
delay
basic applications
basic QoS requirements
7.
8. 8
3G is considerably faster than 2G and 2.5G technology.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2G GPRS EDGE 3G
Kbps
3G provides data speeds of:
2Mbps in fixed or in building environments,
384Kbps in pedestrian or urban environments
144Kbps in wide area mobile environments
9. Support of bit –rate upto 2Mbps.
Mechanism for Bandwidth on demand and
variable bit-rate services.
Quality services of speech,video,packet data
Higher spectrum efficiency
Co-existence with 2-G systems.
11. Common Radio interface.
Common Network Backbone .
Technology and service Flexible.
Modular Design---means 3G Implemented Stand
Alone or in Many Existing Networks with
Gateways and Interworking units:
Framework for Mobility Services from Fixed Network
Multiple Networks in Same Area Can Be Used to
Provide One Service
14. 14
3G Standard is created by ITU-T and is called as IMT-
2000.
The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G
systems to provide Global Roaming.
15. The Family Members Must:
◦ Communicate With Each Other & Support:
Each Other’s Users via Roaming
Circuit Switched Voice
Packet Switched Data Services
◦ Interworking
3GPPs primarily, and ITU secondarily, plans to Develop this
Function where it is needed
22. 22
UMTS network architecture consists of three
domains:
◦ Core Network (CN) : To provide switching, routing and
transit for user traffic.
◦ UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) :
Provides the air interface access method for User
Equipment.
◦ User Equipment (UE) : Terminals work as air interface
counterpart for Node B. The various identities are:
IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, TLLI, MSISDN, IMEI.
25. Known as 3G-BTS.
Responsible for the transmission /reception radio
from/to MS in one or more cells .
NODE-B supports FDD,TDD or dual mode.
Connected to RNC via ATM interface links.
26. RNC in 3g is Radio Network Controller.
Does all Radio Resource Control.
Controls several Node-b.
RNC is connected to core –switch part and also to
core-packet part in 3g.
27. The common entities in 3g are :-
HLR HOME LOCATION REGISTER
AUC AUTHENTICATION CENTRE
EIR EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION
REGISTER
28. Permanent database of customer.
HLR manages mobile subscribers.
PLMN area contains one or more HLR’S.
HLR stores location data that allow to appraisal
and direction of call and sms to the MSC/SGSN
where MS is registered.
29. VLR controls roaming of the MS in MSC area.
VLR have to organize one or several MSC’S.
Contains Temporary directory of subscriber data.
VLR changes as subscriber changes the location
i.e it is location dependent.
30. AUTHENTICATION CENTRE.
Does check customer identity.
It gives security on air interface.
Uses HLR,VLR MSC,SGSN for authentication.
In 3G , not only customer is authenticated but also
the network too authenticated i.e two way
authentication.
31. It is in core-packet of 3g.
SGSN has security and access control in 3g.
SGSN establishes PDP context for routing packet data
with GGSN.
It stores subscription information and location data of
customer.
It is connected to BSC and RNC .
32. GATEWAY GPRS SUPPORT NODE.
Communicating with external packet networks via
Gi interface.
One GGSN is connected to several SGSN.
Localization registry in GGSN stores routing data
and subscription information.
33. TDD is the multiple access method in 3g.
TDD provides synchronous and asynchronous mode of
data transfer.
Best utilizes spectrum.
10 MHZ spectrum for TDD .
It is unpaired spectrum in 3g.
34.
35.
36. There are three types of channels in 3g:
LOGICAL CHANNELS
TRANSPORT CHANNELS
PHYSICAL CHANNELS
43. PLMN IDENTIFIER
= MCC + MNC
= 3 DIGITS + 2/3 DIGITS
Where,
MCC = Mobile country code
MNC= Mobile Network code
44. LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC
= 3 DIGITS +2/3 DIGITS + 2 OCTETS
Where,
MCC = Mobile country code
MNC= Mobile Network code
LAC = Location Area Code
45. RAI = LAI + RAC
WHERE ,
RAC= Routing Area Code ----1-octet.
LAI = MCC + MNC+LAC
46. GSN = Address Type + Address length +Address
= 2-bits + 6-bits + n-octets
Where,
For ipv4= Address Type=0,Add.Length=4,n=4
For ipv6= Address Type=1,Add.Length=6,n=16
47. CGI = LAI + C I
= MCC +MNC +LAC +CI
Where,
CI= Cell Identity of 2-octets.
Editor's Notes
cdma2000 IS-95 based developed by the cdmaOne Group - Qualcomm.
W-CDMA - Wideband CDMA evolution of GSM systems. W-CDMA not compatible with IS-95 2G systems - European operators and vendors. US: SBC and Omnipoint + others.
UWC-136 is a TDMA proposal. It is the 3G evolution of ANSI-136 based systems developed by the Universal Wireless Communications (UWC) consortium Lucent: leader.
International Standards
Who is Working On It?
How Will They Fit Together?
When Will They Be Done?
THERE IS SIGNIFICNAT
INDUSTRY COOPERATION -
E.G. 47 Companies Have Labs at
NTT Doocomo Facilities at
Youkoshuka Research Park
Outside Tokyo.
All Engaged in Research of
Wireless for 3G.
This Is the Good News - However There Is More to the Story.
A Family Member incorporates the functions into entities and interfaces to provide IMT-2000 capabilities.
However, subsystems may be specific to each Family Member (Interfaces, Gateways will support Roaming)
UIM (User Identity Module)
MT (Mobile Terminal)
RAN (Radio Access Network)
CN (Core Network)
Replacing the existing GSM air interface is the final and most important step in the evolution of GSM to UMTS i.e. 3G. Recall that one of the criteria for a system to be IMT2000 compliant is that it implements an air interface standard defined by the ITU. In the case of UMTS, the communication over the air interface, or UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) as it is technically known, is achieved using W-CDMA and TD-CDMA. The access parts of the network, called the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN), are based on ATM and it is here that the major changes in upgrading will occur, which of course will also be reflected on the handsets (figure 4).
