class 11

2. PERCENTAGE BAR DIAGRAMS
 The total length of each bar is kept 100.
 A percentage bar diagram shows the magnitude of various components as a
percentage of the total.
 Different components are distinguished from each other by different colours
or shades.
FACULTY FAMILY A FAMILY B FAMILY C
FOOD 600 500 900
CLOTHING 450 250 600
HOUSE RENT 300 150 400
OTHER EXP. 150 100 100
TOTAL 1,500 1,000 2,000

3. ITEMS Family A RS. 1,500 =
100%
Family A RS. 1,000 =
100%
Family A RS. 2,000 =
100%
RS. % Cumulative
percentage
RS. % Cumulativ
e
percentag
e
RS. % Cumulative
percentage
Food 600
600
1,500
X 100= 40 40 500 500
1,000
X 100= 50 50 900 900
2,000
X 100=
45
45
Clothing 450 450
1,500
X 100= 30 70 250 250
1,000
X 100= 25 75 600 600
2,000
X 100=
30
75
House rent 300
300
1,500
X 100= 20 90 150 150
1,000
X 100= 15 90 400 400
2,000
X 100=
20
95
Other exp. 150 150
1,500
X 100= 10 100 100
100
1,000
X 100= 10 100 100 100
2,000
X 100= 5 100
Total 1,500 1,000 2,000

4. Family A Family B Family C
Other Exp. 10 10 5
House Rent 20 15 25
Clothing 30 25 30
Food 40 50 45
40%
50%
45%
30%
25%
30%
20%
15% 25%
10% 10%
5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Percentagee
MONTHLY EXPENDITURE OF THREE FAMILIES IN
%
Food Clothing House Rent Other Exp.
Scale: 1cm = 10%

5. BROKEN BAR DIAGRAMS
 In some cases, there are wide variations in values.
 Some values may be very small while others may be very
large.
School A B C D
NO. OF
STUDENTS
400 600 4,000 300

7. DEVIATION BAR DIAGRAMS
 Generally used for representing net
quantities, excess or deficit, e.g. net profit
or net loss, net exports or imports, etc.
 Both positive and negative values are
shown.
 Positive values on the right side and
negative values on the left side.
 Can also be shown above or below the base

8. YEAR EXPORTS IMPORTS BALANCE OF TRADE
2011 50 20 +30
2012 120 100 +20
2013 200 190 +10
2014 150 170 -20
2015 150 190 -40

10. PIE DIAGRAMS
 Pie diagram is a circle whose area is proportionally divided
among components.
 Also called Pie Chart / Circular Diagrams.
 Total of all the given items is equated to 360 degrees and the
degree of angles representing different items are called
proportionately.

11. ITEMS OF EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE INCURRED BY
FAMILY A
FOOD 1,200
CLOTHING 800
HOUSE RENT 600
EDUCATION 400
FUEL 200
MISCELLANEOUS 800
TOTAL 4,000

12. ITEMS OF
EXPENDITURE
EXPENDITURE
(RS)
EXPENDITURE
(%)
EXPENDITURE
In DEGREES
FOOD 1,200
1200
4000
X 100 = 30 30 X 3.6 = 1080
CLOTHING 800
800
4000
X 100 = 20 20 X 3.6 = 720
HOUSE RENT 600
600
4000
X 100 = 15 15 X 3.6 = 540
EDUCATION 400
400
4000
X 100 = 10 10 X 3.6 = 360
FUEL 200
200
4000
X 100 = 5 5 X 3.6 = 180
MISCELLANEOUS 800
800
4000
X 100 = 20 20 X 3.6 = 720
TOTAL 4,000 100 3600

13. FOOD
30%
CLOTHING
20%HOUSE RENT
15%
EDUCATION
10%
FUEL
5%
MISCELLANEOUS
20%
EXPENDITURE INCUREED BY FAMILY A