This is an overview of the cloud offering from key players, focused on Oracle Cloud (also Google and AWS), including costs, changes in architecture and operations, and the new role of the DBA with the outline of the migration procedure, backups and DR in this new world.

1. Welcome to databases
in the Cloud
Latin American OTN Tour – August 2017
Nelson Calero

2. • Database Consultant at Pythian since 2014
• Working with Oracle tools and Linux environments since 1996
• DBA Oracle (2001) & MySQL (2005)
• Co-founder and President of the Oracle user Group of Uruguay (2009)
• LAOUC Director of events (2013)
• Computer Engineer (1998)
• Oracle ACE (2014), Oracle ACE Director (2017)
• Oracle Certified Professional DBA 10g/11g/12c (2008)
• Amazon Solutions Architect – Associate since (2016)
• Oracle University Instructor (2011)
• Blogger and speaker: Oracle Open World, Collaborate, OTN Tour, Regional conferences
About me
2 © 2017 Pythian
http://www.linkedin.com/in/ncalero @ncalerouy

3. Pythian overview
© 2015 Pythian Confidential3
• 20 Years of data infrastructure management consulting
• 250+ Top brands
• 11800+ systems under management
• 400+ employees in 35 countries
• 10 Oracle ACEs, 4 ACED,
3 OakTable members, 2 OCM, 6 Microsoft MVPs,
1 Cloudera Champion of Big Data,
AWS Certified Solutions Architect – 2 Professional, 12 Associate
• Oracle, Microsoft, MySQL, Hadoop, Cassandra, MongoDB, and more
• Infrastructure, Cloud, DevOps, and application expertise

4. Welcome to databases in the cloud
• Introduction to Cloud Computing
• Offerings
• Components and costs
• Changes for DBAs
• Outline of procedures using Oracle Cloud
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5. Cloud Computing
“Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous,
convenient, on-demand network access to a shared
pool of configurable computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider
interaction.”
National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2011
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication800-145.pdf
5 © 2017 Pythian

6. Cloud Computing – Why?
• provisioning on demand
– no need to worry about hardware
• scalable (elastic)
– use only what you need
• resilient
– several geographic regions with automatic failover
• cost
– pay for what you use, based on IO, CPUs, space or executions
• easy to manage
– automated features (backups, DR, monitoring, alerting)
• SOA architecture – many services available
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7. Cloud Computing – Why?
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8. Cloud Computing - Offerings
History (available):
– Amazon: AWS (2006)
– Microsoft: Azure (2010)
– Google: GCP (2013)
– Oracle: OC (2014)
– Others: many
Each provider is (somehow) different
– Similar services, different names (ex: tape solutions: Glacier / Coldline / Archive)
– Usage billed per hour or minute
– Licence costs can change (vCPU != OCPU)
– Discounts policies, etc.
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Source:
Gartner

10. Cloud Computing - Glossary
• Services
– SaaS (Applications)
– PaaS (Platform)
– IaaS (Infrastructure)
• Other
– FaaS
– Serverless
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• Deployment Types
– Private
– Managed (Public)
– Hybrid
– Multicloud

11. Cloud Computing - Glossary
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https://blogs.oracle.com/futurestate/when-cloud-meets-on-premise:-a-story-of-two-applications

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15. Cloud Computing - Resources
• Storage
– Persistent with different IOPS capabilities
– Volatile for specific use cases
• Managed Databases
– No direct access to server (RDS), managed using web console
– Customized for different use cases (OLTP, NoSQL, Analytics, etc.)
• Compute
– Instances with different resource combination (vCPU/RAM/IO)
• Network
– Router, Gateway, Global DNS, Load Balancer, CDN
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16. Cloud Computing – Network
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• Datacenters across the world - regions
• Availability zones/domains inside a
region to provide automatic failover of
services
• Client connectivity is routed by load
balancer to nearest location (less
latency)
– Needs configuration
– Depends on provider coverage
• Real network topology is known?
Image from:
https://cloud.google.com/products/networking/

17. Cloud Computing – Network
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18. Cloud computing - security
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https://docs.us-phoenix-1.oraclecloud.com/Content/Network/Concepts/overview.htm

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https://cloud.oracle.com/en_US/bare-metal-network/vcn/faq
Hybrid network setup for HA

20. Cloud Computing - Security
• Identity and Access Management (IAM)
• Virtual Network with per-service privilege
– Virtual Cloud Network (VCN – Oracle)
– Virtual Private Cloud (VPC – AWS), Cloud Virtual Network (VCN – Google)
• Hybrid deploy to extend On-Premises network
– using IPSec VPN or direct connectivity:
• Oracle FastConnect, AWS Direct connect, Google Interconnect
• Non managed servers - ssh access using keys
• Oracle database services
– native network encryption used by default
– SSL/TLS can be configured
– user tablespaces encrypted by default - even in SE
– Oracle Data Masking and Subsetting Pack – license included for source with High
Performance, Extreme Performance, and Exadata Service subscriptions.
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21. Cloud Computing - Management
• Web GUI
• CLI (non-managed services)
• REST
• SDK for several programming languages (java, php, python, etc.)
• Oracle Management Cloud (OMC) - real-time analysis
– Application Performance Monitoring Cloud Service
– Log Analytics Cloud Service
– IT Analytics Cloud Service
– Infrastructure Monitoring Cloud Service
• Automated tasks
– backup with point-in-time recovery
– patching
– upgrades
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22. Cloud Computing - Costs
• Based on resource usage: IOPS, CPUs (time), Space, Network transfer
• Metered
– pay as you go
– pre-paid
• Non metered
• Limit per service (quota), we can request to increase it
• vCPU definition by different providers
– Oracle Compute Units (OCPUs), AWS Core (2vCPU for Oracle)
• Discounts
– Amazon: reserved instances
– Google: sustained usage / committed-use
– Oracle: TBD
• TCO calculator from each provider
https://cloudplatform.googleblog.com/2015/01/understanding-cloud-pricing.html
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23. Cloud Computing – Use cases
Use cases
• Backup target
• Non prod environments
• DR solution
• New services adoption
– Analytics, Big data
– Exposing services with API
• Rapid deploy of new
applications
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Considerations
• I/O bandwidth for initial copy and
periodical refresh
• Data masking needed
• Stress tests costs
• Application readiness
• Industry regulations
• Network Latency

24. Oracle Cloud offering – for databases
• Database Cloud Services
• Database Cloud Services – Bare metal
• Database Exadata Cloud Service
• Database Exadata Cloud Machine (on-premises)
Managed (no DBA required)
• Database Exadata Express Cloud Service
• Database Schema Cloud Service
Related
• Database Cloud Backup Service
• Storage & Compute
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25. Oracle Database Cloud Service
• Subscription type
– Standard
– Enterprise
– High performance (Multitenant, partititoning, RAT, Compression, ASO, Diagnostics &
Tuning pack and more)
– Extreme performance (+RAC, In-Memory, ADG)
NOTE: All subscriptions includes TDE
• Price: Metered or Non Metered as Service or VM
– Per OCPU
– General purpose or High-Memory Compute
– Plus Storage Service and Database Backup Service charges
Step by step guide: http://www.toadworld.com/platforms/oracle/w/wiki/11616.getting-started-with-oracle-database-cloud-service
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Oracle Database Cloud Service - scaling

33. Oracle DB Cloud Backup Service
• Backup on-premises or Cloud instances/services
• Using RMAN with Cloud backup module
– Needs to download from OTN and install for on-premises use
– Already installed and configured on Cloud services
– It can be called using REST API – single call
• Billing:
– storage capacity (Gb stored per month)
– outbound data transfer (Gb outbound data transfer per month)
– PUT, COPY, POST or LIST requests (REST) - 1000 free per month
– GET and all others - 10000 free per month
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34. Oracle Cloud offering – Bare metal
IaaS - Bare metal - Compute service
• Bare metal instances
– Physical server fully dedicated
– No Oracle installed software – under our full control
– OS available to choose or we install what we want (BYOD)
• VM Instances – sharing the server
• Instance types:
– Standard - general purpose: 18 cores, NAS 50Gb to 2Tb per volume, up to 32 (64Tb)
– HighIO - High performance storage: 18 cores, 12.8Tb SSD local storage
– DenseIO: 18 cores, 28.8Tb SSD local storage
• Storage options
– Local storage (SSD), Block volumes, Object storage
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36. Oracle databases in the Cloud
• Instance type can limit IO throughput (AWS)
• Measure IO (capacity and latency) before deploying services to
confirm they are as expected – SLOB
– Step by step guide: https://blog.dbi-services.com/slob-in-the-cloud-how-to-check-cloud-services-performance/
• Double check if provider is supported by Oracle
– GCP not listed yet
– Oracle changed license on Jan 2017, counting vCPU = 2 OCPU
• Double check if your options are supported
– RAC only on Oracle Cloud, despite AWS and Azure docs explains the installation
36 © 2017 Pythian

37. Cloud DBA?
• Some things are no longer needed now
– Hardware maintenance
• Some things are automated now – only requires configuration
– Backups, Replication, DR, Monitoring, Alerting
• Some things are as usual
– Schema design, change management, stress test, cloning, etc.
• Some things are more important now (maybe new to you)
– Capacity planning to choose the proper instance types
– Architecting solutions (choosing among lot of services)
– Monitor billing is under control (initial config, implement archiving of unused data,..)
– Orchestration, interoperability, end-to-end performance troubleshooting, …
37 © 2017 Pythian

38. Cloud DBA?
• Some things are no longer needed now
– Hardware maintenance
• Some things are automated now – only requires configuration
– Backups, Replication, DR, Monitoring, Alerting
• Some things are as usual
– Schema design, change management, stress test, cloning, etc.
• Some things are more important now (maybe new to you)
– Capacity planning to choose the proper instance types
– Architecting solutions (choosing among lot of services)
– Monitor billing is under control (initial config, implement archiving of unused data,..)
– Orchestration, interoperability, end-to-end performance troubleshooting, …
38 © 2017 Pythian
Cloud Architect?

39. Cloud DBA?
• Some things are no longer needed now
– Hardware maintenance
• Some things are automated now – only requires configuration
– Backups, Replication, DR, Monitoring, Alerting
• Some things are as usual
– Schema design, change management, stress test, cloning, etc.
• Some things are more important now (maybe new to you)
– Capacity planning to choose the proper instance types
– Architecting solutions (choosing among lot of services)
– Monitor billing is under control (initial config, implement archiving of unused data,..)
– Orchestration, interoperability, end-to-end performance troubleshooting, …
39 © 2017 Pythian
Database Architect?

40. Cloud DBA?
• Some things are no longer needed now
– Hardware maintenance
• Some things are automated now – only requires configuration
– Backups, Replication, DR, Monitoring, Alerting
• Some things are as usual
– Schema design, change management, stress test, cloning, etc.
• Some things are more important now (maybe new to you)
– Capacity planning to choose the proper instance types
– Architecting solutions (choosing among lot of services)
– Monitor billing is under control (initial config, implement archiving of unused data,..)
– Orchestration, interoperability, end-to-end performance troubleshooting, …
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Modern DBA?

41. Time for more?
Questions?
41
calero@pythian.com
@ncalerouy
http://www.linkedin.com/in/ncalero
© 2017 Pythian

42. DBA procedures in the Cloud
Quick overview of usual procedures, now using the cloud
– Migration
– Backups
– DR
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43. Migration to the Cloud
• Architecting the solution
– Plan the services to use according to application – only database?
– Capacity planning to decide instance types
– Time to make changes to app?
• Initial data transfer
– Direct connectivity?
– Service to ship disks - Google Transfer Appliance, Amazon Snowball
• Migration
– ADM (Amazon Database Migration Service)
– Oracle Golden Gate – on-premise or Cloud service
• Configure billing alerts
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44. Backup databases to the Cloud
• Using Oracle Backup service
– From on-premises or Cloud instances/services
– Use RMAN with Cloud backup module
• Needs to download from OTN and install for on-premises use
• Already installed and configured on Cloud services
– Automated on Managed Database Cloud services
• We do nothing, it is done by default
• Using any other Cloud storage
– Oracle provides OSB module for AWS – on-premise RMAN to S3
– Attach any external storage to use filesystem
Step by step procedure: https://www.pythian.com/blog/part-3-comparing-oracle-cloud-database-backups-options/
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45. Backup to the Cloud – from on-premises
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46. Backup to the Cloud – from Cloud
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/twp-oracledatabasebackupservice-2183633.pdf46 © 2017 Pythian

47. DR using the Cloud
• Already included in Managed services
• Classical approach on Bare Metal – manual intervention needed
• MAA 100% cloud is possible
– RAC and Dataguard
– Reduce license costs taking advantage of metered on-demand provisioning (no
need to have unused CPUs for redo apply)
• Ready to change the application when on-premises DB fails?
– Cloud as standby for on-premises
– Cloud as target to recover backups
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48. References - documentation
• Oracle cloud documentation
https://cloud.oracle.com/
• AWS documentation
https://aws.amazon.com/documentation/
• Google Cloud
https://cloud.google.com/
• Oracle Learning Library / Cloud
http://www.oracle.com/webfolder/technetwork/tutorials/obe/cloud/dbaas/dbcs_quick_start/oracle_database_cloud_service_dbaas_q
uick_start.html
• Oracle Database Cloud Service Quick Start
https://apexapps.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=44785:5:14275142274722::NO::P5_PRODUCT:Cloud
48 © 2017 Pythian