John Andary, Neil Bulger of Integral Group present on design practices for resilient and net positive buildings. From thermal comfort to net zero energy buildings. Focus on passive survivablilty in the built environment, bring back design principles of passive architecture with high powered simulation tools and the latest research.

1. The Nexus of Resiliency and Net Positive
Designing For Passive Survivability
John Andary, PE, LEED AP
Principal : Integral Group
Neil Bulger, PE, LEED AP
Principal : Integral Group

2. Agenda
• What is Passive Survivability?
• Case Study Introductions
• Design Charrette
• Report Out
• Case Studies
• Simulation Tools
• Resources
• Questions

3. Passive survivability is a building's ability to maintain
critical life-support conditions in the event of extended loss
of power or water; or in the event of extraordinary heat
spells, storms, or other extreme events.

4. THERMAL HEALTH
DESIGNED TO USE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT TO KEEP
PEOPLE COOL ON HOT DAYS, WARM ON COLD ONES.
ROBUST SHELTER
OPERABLE AND DURABLE, ABLE TO BRING IN AIR
AND PROTECT FROM THE ELEMENTS.
CLEAN WATER
DEPENDS UPON CHANCE ENCOUNTER
ON FOOT - NOT IN THE CAR
EMERGENCY POWER
ABLE TO CHARGE DEVICES AND PRODUCE ENERGY
LOCALLY
Resilient Design

5. Indoor temperature above
94°F at 50% relative humidity
(for healthy adults)
Heat Stress Risk

6. Making Comfort Tangible

7. Leading Thermal Comfort
Research
Application of Thermal
Comfort Acceptable
Application of Thermal
Stress and Overheating
Thermal Comfort and Indoor Human Stress

8. • 360,000 square foot Administration, Conference and Data Center.
• Maximum EUI of 25 kbtu/sf/yr…35 kbtu/sf/yr including Data Center.
• Prove large scale, market rate Net Zero Energy.
NREL Research Support Facility

9. Temperature RH
Rain Snow
Golden, CO

10. • 30,000 SF square one-story office warehouse circa 1970
• Uninsulated concrete walls, wood roof and single pane windows
• Developer-led business case for Net Zero Energy.
Indio Building

12. Temperature RH
Rain Snow
Sunnyvale, CA

13. DESIGN CHARRETTES
Break Into Two Groups

14. NREL RESEARCH SUPPORT FACILITY

15. IF POSSIBLE
NET ZERO DESIGN APPROACH
MOST ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING IN THE WORLD
LEED PLATINUM PLUS
ASHRAE 90.1 + 50%
VISUAL DISPLAYS OF CURRENT ENERGY
SUPPORT PUBLIC TOURS
ACHIEVE NATIONAL RECOGNITION
SUPPORT PERSONNEL TURNOVER
MISSION CRITICAL
$64M FIRM FIXED PRICE = $260/SF
ATTAIN SAFE WORK PERFORMANCE
LEED PLATINUM
ENERGY STAR FIRST “PLUS”
HIGHLY DESIRABLE
370K SF : 1200 STAFF CAPACITY
25 KBTU/SF/YEAR
ARCHITECTURAL INTEGRITY
HONOR FUTURE STAFF NEEDS
MEASURABLE ASHRAE 90.1
SUPPORT CULTURE AND AMENITIES
EXPANDABLE BUILDING
ERGONOMICS
FLEXIBLE WORKSPACE
SUPPORT FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
DOCUMENTATION TO PRODUCE A “HOW TO” MANUAL
“PR” CAMPAIGN FOR BENEFIT OF DOE/NREL AND DB
ALLOW SECURE COLLABORATION WITH OUTSIDERS
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
SUBSTANTIAL COMPLETION BY 2010

28. 0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
Energy Use (kWh/yr) PV Production
AnnualEnergySueandPVProduction(kWh/yr)
Parking Garage
Datacenter
RSFII
RSF1
Energy Used Versus Production

29. • RSF I is 2% better than model predicted
• RSF II is 7% better than model predicted
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
RSFII RSFI
kBtu/squarefoot
EUI : RSF II versus RSF I
Data Center
Cooling
Heating
Mechanical
Plug Load
Lighting
Measured Energy in 2012

30. INDIO BUILDING

31. Net Zero Concept

44. 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Existing Standard 415 Indio
Tons
Reduced HVAC Size

45. Measured Energy Use and Production

46. Indio Building – November 2015

47. Thermal Comfort
Outdoor Environment
Indoor Built Environment
Passive Design & Natural Ventilation
Daylighting & Visual Comfort
Building Energy Performance
District Scale Energy Systems
Rhino & Honeybee, Ladybug
IES Virtual Environment
IES VE / Honeybee
Radiance with Rhino
IES VE & OpenStudio
Trnsys
Simulation Tools

48. N
West
Camp Sweeney Project – Passive Design Simulations

49. Peak Summer Day: Without Night Flushing Thermal Mass
Operative Temperature
Outside Air

50. Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal Mass…Without Shading
Night flush thermal energy
being stored in mass.
Operative Temperature
Outside Air

51. Peak Summer Day: With Night Flushing Thermal Mass…With Shading
Within Expanded Comfort Range
with Air Movement
Solar shading and envelope

52. Modeling Result
ASHRAE 55 Thermal Comfort Results
With Night Flush
And Shaded
Architecture
No Night Flush
No shade
With Night Flush
No shade
Hours Overheated
Daily Overheating
Highest Temperature Risk
Hours Overheated
Daily Overheating
Highest Temperature Risk
Hours Overheated
Daily Overheating
Highest Temperature Risk
CIBSE TM52: Avoiding Overheating





 



53. SIMULATION FOR WARM CLIMATES

54. Kona International Airport Weather Data

55. Operative temperature is the average between air temperature and the surrounding
surface temperatures (mean radiant temperature).
ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range

56. In Buildings without AC
Air Speeds
0.2 m/s 40 fpm
0.5 m/s 100 fpm
1.0 m/s 200 fpm
1.5 m/s 300 fpm
The literature on thermal comfort
indicates that acceptable indoor air
speed in warm climates should range
from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in
ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-
conditioned buildings where occupants
have direct control over air movement.
ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range – CBE Comfort Tool

57. In Buildings without AC
Air Speeds
0.2 m/s 40 fpm
0.5 m/s 100 fpm
1.0 m/s 200 fpm
1.5 m/s 300 fpm
The literature on thermal comfort
indicates that acceptable indoor air
speed in warm climates should range
from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in
ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-
conditioned buildings where occupants
have direct control over air movement.
ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range – CBE Comfort Tool

58. In Buildings without AC
No active air conditioning is
required at 87 deg F air
temperature if ceiling fans
are used and controlled in
each classroom.
Air Speeds
0.2 m/s 40 fpm
0.5 m/s 100 fpm
1.0 m/s 200 fpm
1.5 m/s 300 fpm
The literature on thermal comfort
indicates that acceptable indoor air
speed in warm climates should range
from 0.2 to 1.50 m/s (40 to 300 fpm) in
ASHRAE Standard 55 inside air-
conditioned buildings where occupants
have direct control over air movement.
ASHRAE 55 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Range – CBE Comfort Tool

59. N
Weather Kona Intl Airport
Building Dimensions 30' x 30' x 13'
Exposed Sides North, South, West, Ceiling
Adiabatic Sides East, Floor
External Wall 4" HW concrete, R-25 insulation, 4" HW concrete
External Roof R-60 insulation, 2" gyp board
Internal Wall 4" HW concrete
Internal Floor 4" HW concrete
WWR 50% South 40% North
Window Operability 50% Openable area, controlled to close when outdoor air >87°F
Window Alpen Triple-Element U-0.2 SHGC-0.19
Shading 2 3' overhangs on south
Infiltration 0.2 CFM/sf-exterior
Interior fans Up to 0.9 m/s airflow capable
Equipment Power 0.62 W/sf (28 2W iPad minis, 400 W projector, 150W computer)
Lighting Power 0 W/sf (daylit)
People Density 30 sf/person (30 people)
Hawaii Prototype School
Site
Envelope
Internal Gains
Energy Model

60. With 0.9 m/s air movement, upper comfort limit for 90% of occupants reaches 87°F
Thermal Comfort Results – Annual Operative Temperature

61. When windows close, provide tempered ventilation air via free-cooling loop
Annual Wet-Bulb temperature at Kona International Airport
Compressor-Free Tempered Ventilation

62. http://www.weather-shift.com/
Understanding Local Climates

63. Understanding Local Climates – San Diego with Weather Shift

64. Understanding Local Climates – San Diego with Weather Shift

65. http://www.energy.soton.ac.uk/ccworldweathergen/

66. Weather Spark