1. INTRODUCTION
As mentioned in Qur‟an
“Verily in the creation of the Heavens and of the earth, and in the
alternation of the night and of the day, are there signs for men of
understanding. They who, standing, sitting or reclining, bear Allah
in mind and reflect on the creation of the Heavens and of the earth,
saying: 'Oh our Lord! Thou has not created this in vain.‟” (3:189-
190)
Seven hundred and fifty verses of the Quran (almost one-eighth of
the Book) exhort believers to study Nature, to reflect, to make the
best use of reason in their search for the ultimate
I am going to elaborate the strong bond between Islam and science.
Quran (the main source of Islamic faith) is the source of knowledge and
inspiration in science(an area of study that is based on experiments and
facts that can be proved). Whatever science is proving today using
highly developed technology has pre-determined and foresighted by
Quran 1400 years ago.
To substantiate this strong bond between Islam and science my
presentation will focus on existence of today‟s various scientific subjects
in Quran and scientific benefits behind Islamic practices. Let‟s start with
astronomy
ASTRONOMY
1. CREATION OF THE UNIVERSE:„THE BIG BANG‟
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2. The Qur‟an contains the following verse regarding the origin of the
universe:
“Do not the unbelievers see that the heavens and the earth were
joined together (as one unit of creation), before We clove them
asunder?” (Qur'an 21:30)
The creation of the universe is explained by astrophysicists as a widely
accepted phenomenon, supported by observational and experimental
data popularly known as „The Big Bang‟.
According to „The Big Bang‟, the whole universe was initially one big
mass (Primary Nebula). Then there was a „Big Bang‟ (Secondary
Separation) which resulted in the formation of Galaxies. These then
divided to form stars, planets, the sun, the moon, etc. The origin of the
universe was unique and the probability of it happening by „chance‟ is
nil.
As shown in picture
A new star forming out of a cloud of gas and dust (nebula), which is one
of the remnants of the „smoke‟ that was the origin of the whole universe
(The Space Atlas, Heather and Henbest, p. 50.)
2. THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE
Qur‟an says regarding the nature of the universe:
“With power and skill did We construct the Firmament: For He
Who create the vastness of space.” (Qur‟an 51:47)
At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian physicist Alexander
Friedmann and the Belgian cosmologist Georges Lemaitre theoretically
calculated that the universe is in constant motion and that it is
expanding.
In 1925, American astronomer Edwin Hubble provided observational
evidence that all galaxies are moving away from one another, which
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3. implies that the universe is expanding. The expansion of the universe is
now an established scientific fact.
In the picture
Edwin Hubble with his giant telescope
3. THE END OF THE UNIVERSE AND THE BIG CRUNCH
This is how the scientific hypothesis of the big crunch is indicated in the
Qur‟an
“The day We will fold up heaven like folding up pages of a book. As
We originated the first creation so We will regenerate it. It is a
promise binding on Us. that is what We will do.” (Quran, 21:104)
In another verse this state of heavens is described thus:
“They don't measure Allah with his true measure. The whole earth will
be a mere handful for Him on the Day of Resurrection the heavens
folded up in His right hand. Glory to Him! He exalted above the partners
they ascribe!” (Quran, 39:67)
As we have stated above, the creation of the universe began with a
huge explosion. From this point, the universe the universe has been
expanding ever since. Scientists say that when the mass of the
universe has reached a sufficient level, this expansion will come to an
end because of gravity, causing the universe to collapse on itself.
According to the theory this collapse of the universe will continue
until the universe has lost all its mass and turned into a single point of
infinite density.
Picture is showing the phenomenon
4. EMBRYOLOGY
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4. In Holly Qur‟an, Allah speaks about the stages of man‟s embryonic
development
“We created man from an extract of clay. Then We made him as a
drop (sperm) in a place of settlement, firmly fixed. Then we made
the drop into an alaqah (leech suspended thing, and blood clot), then
We made the alaqah into a mudghah (chewed substance) then We
made out of that lump bones and clothed that bones with flesh; then
We developed out of it another creature. So blessed be Allah, the
Best to create!”(Qur‟an 23:12-14)
PICTURE 1
Following are the Drawings illustrating the similarities in appearances
between a leech and a human embryo at the alaqah stage. (Leech
drawing from Human Development as described in the Qur’an and
Sunnah, Moore and others. p. 37. modified form Integrated Principles of
Zoology, Hickman and others. Embryo drawing is taken from The
Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 73.)
PICTURE 2
A) Drawing of an embryo at the mudghah stage. We can see here the
somites at the back of the embryo that look like teeth marks. (The
Developing Human, Moore and Persaud, 5th ed., p. 79)
B) Photograph of a piece of gum that has been chewed.
5. HYDROLOGY
RAIN IN MEASURED AMOUNTS
The information provided in the Qur'an about rain is that it is sent down
to Earth in "due measure." This is mentioned in Surat az-Zukhruf as
follows:
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5. “It is He Who sends down water in measured amounts from the sky
by which We being a dead land back to life. That is how you too will
be raised (from the dead)” (Qur‟an 43:11)
This measured quantity in rain has again been discovered by modern
research. It is estimated that in one second, approximately 16 million
tons of water evaporates from the Earth. This figure amounts to 513
trillion tons of water in one year. This number is equal to the amount of
rain that falls on the Earth in a year. Therefore, water continuously
circulates in a balanced cycle, according to a "measure." Life on Earth
depends on this water cycle. Even if all the available technology in the
world were to be employed for this purpose, this cycle could not be
reproduced artificially.
6. OCEONOLOGY
MEETING OF TWO SEAS
The Holy Qur‟an mentioned that there is a barrier between two seas that
meet and that they do not transgress.
ALLAH has said:
“He has set free the two seas meeting together. There is a barrier
between them. They do not transgress.” (Qur‟an, 55:19-20)
Picture
Mediterranean Sea water meeting Atlantic over the Gibraltar sill
Modern Science has discovered that in the places where two different
seas meet, there is a barrier between them. This barrier divides the two
seas so that each sea has its own temperature, salinity, and density.
For example, Mediterranean Sea water is warm, saline, and less dense,
compared to Atlantic Ocean water. When Mediterranean Sea water
enters the Atlantic over the Gibraltar sill, it moves several hundred
kilometers into the Atlantic at a depth of about 1000 meters with its own
warm, saline, and less dense characteristics. The Mediterranean water
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6. stabilizes at this depth. Although there are large waves, strong currents,
and tides in these seas, they do not mix or transgress this barrier.
MEETING OF SWEET AND SALT WATER
But when the Qur‟an speaks about the divider between fresh and salt
water, it mentions the existence of “a forbidding partition” with the
barrier.
ALLAH has said in the Qur‟an:
“He is the one who has set free the two kinds of water, one sweet and
palatable, and the other salty and bitter. And He has made between
them a barrier and a forbidding partition.” (Qur‟an, 25:53)
Picture
Following figure shows Estuary of the Klamath River in Northern
California, United States.
One may ask, why did the Qur‟an mention the partition when speaking
about the divider between fresh and salt water, but did not mention it
when speaking about the divider between the two seas?
Modern science has discovered that in estuaries, where fresh (sweet) and
salt water meet, the situation is somewhat different from what is found
in places where two seas meet. It has been discovered that what
distinguishes fresh water from salt water in estuaries is a “pycnocline
zone with a marked density discontinuity separating the two layers.”1
This partition (zone of separation) has a different salinity from the fresh
water and from the salt water.
This information has been discovered only recently, using advanced
equipment to measure temperature, salinity, density, oxygen
dissolubility, etc. The human eye cannot see the difference between the
two seas that meet; rather the two seas appear to us as one homogeneous
sea. Likewise, the human eye cannot see the division of water in
estuaries into the three kinds: fresh water, salt water, and the partition
(zone of separation).
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7. Pycnocline: In oceanography, boundary separating two liquid layers of
different densities. In oceans a large density difference between surface
waters (or upper 100 meters [330 feet]) and deep ocean water effectively
prevents vertical currents; the one exception is in Polar Regions where
pycnocline is absent. Formation of pycnocline may result from changes
in salinity or temperature. Because the pycnocline zone is extremely
stable, it acts as a barrier for surface processes. Thus, changes in salinity
or temperature are very small below pycnocline but are seasonal in
surface waters.
7. GEOLOGY
ROLE OF MOUNTAINS
 Mountains also play an important role in stabilizing the crust of
the earth.3 They hinder the shaking of the earth.
God has said in the Qur‟an:
“And He has set firm mountains in the earth so that it would not
shake with you...”
(Qur‟an, 16:15)
Likewise, the modern theory of plate tectonics holds that mountains
work as stabilizers for the earth. This knowledge about the role of
mountains as stabilizers for the earth has just begun to be understood in
the framework of plate tectonics since the late
1960‟s.4
Modern Theory of Plate Tectonics
The Lithosphere is divided into plates. There are three types of plate
boundaries
Divergent--plates move away from each other
Convergent -- plates move toward each other
Transform -- plates slide past each other
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8. Plates move through the process of convection in the mantle.Almost all
volcanism and Earthquake activity can be explained by the distribution
and motion of the
plateshttp://faculty.weber.edu/bdattilo/shknbk/notes/plts.htm
 Qur‟an has described mountains as follows
“Have We not made the earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs?”
(Qur‟an 78:6-7)
A book entitled Earth is a basic reference textbook in many universities
around the world. One of its two authors is Professor Emeritus Frank
Press. He was the Science Advisor to former
US President Jimmy Carter, and for 12 years was the President of the
National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. His book says that
mountains have underlying roots. These roots are deeply embedded in
the ground, thus, mountains have a shape like a peg (hook or nail)
Modern earth sciences have proven that mountains have deep roots
under the surface of the ground and that these roots can reach several
times their elevations above the surface of the ground. So the most
suitable word to describe mountains on the basis of this information is
the word „peg,‟ since most of a properly set peg is hidden under the
surface of the ground.
The history of science tells us that the theory of mountains having deep
roots was introduced only in 1865 by the Astronomer Royal, Sir George
Airy.
8. THE MOON‟S ORBIT
“And we have decreed set phases for the Moon, until it ends up
looking an old date branch. It is not for the Sun to overtake the
Moon nor for the night to outstrip the day; each one is swimming
in a sphere” (Qur‟an 36:39-40)
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9. The Moon does not follow a regular orbit like the satellites of other
planets. As it orbits the Earth, it sometimes moves behind it and
sometimes in front. As it also moves with the Earth around the Sun, it
actually follows a constant pattern resembling the letter "S" in space.
This route, traced by the Moon in space, is described in the Qur'an as
resembling an old date branch and does indeed resemble the twisted
form of the date tree branch. Indeed, the word "urjoon" employed in the
Qur'an refers to a thin and twisted date branch and is used to describe
that part left after the fruit has been picked. The way that this branch is
described as "old" is also most appropriate since old date branches are
thinner and more twisted.
9. HEALTH BENEFITS OF EVERY ASPECTS OF
WUDU
The Wudu comprises of washing the hands, arms right up to the elbow,
face, mouth, nostrils, and feet up the ankle, all three times each. The
inside and behind the ears, as well as the part of the head above the
forehead is wiped once.
• The obvious reason behind washing the mouth during ablution is
to remove the food particles, which could cause teeth and gum
problems. That is also the reason why miswak is also encouraged
before ablution.
• When washing one‟s nostrils, one is also performing a preventive
health measure as the germs trapped in the nostrils are removed
and do not pass on to the respiratory system (lungs).
• According to a study conducted by a team of doctors in Alexandria
University, the Prophetic tradition, which urges the exaggeration of
washing the nostrils by introducing the water in the nostril then
blowing it out, positively affects the inner coating of the nostrils.
Those who carried out the washing in the correct form had clean,
shiny nostrils with no dust clinging to the small hair inside.
• Repeated washing of the face invigorates the facial skin cells and
helps prevent early wrinkles as well as having a cleansing effect on
the inside of the eyes, which prevents eye infections.
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10. • Washing the ear helps rid them from wax accumulation, which
may cause ear infections as well as affecting the inner ear, which
eventually causes body imbalances.
• The Prophetic tradition of encouraging one to wash between the
toes while washing the feet, is also extremely important as it
prevents the foot, which in our modern times is trapped most of the
day inside shoes, from acquiring athlete‟s foot.
10. HEALTH BENEFITS OF EVERY ASPECT
OF NAMAZ
It must be reminded that prayer is not meant to be an exercise.
However there are a lot of medical advantages associated with it
QIYAAM
• During the voluntary clenching of the hands, blood flow is
increased in the hand area and the brain.
• When we recite verses from the Holy Quran various muscles are
exercised. There is a bilateral increase in blood flow in the face,
tongue, mouth sensory and motor areas, and the upper premotor
cortex in the brain during speech . During creative speech, there is
also an increase in blood flow in Broca‟s and Wernicke‟s areas of
speech in the brain. Blood flow in the brain can be measured by
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron
emission tomography (PET.)
RUKU
• Bowing (Ruku) is done by forward movement of the backbone.
• The unique position of Ruku has positive effects on the back
muscles. The back muscle contract actively and they become
stronger.
SAJDAH
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11. • Sajdah is a unique position as this is the only position in which
brain (or head) becomes lower than the heart and hence for the
first time the blood gushes towards the brain with full force
• In the position of Sajdah due to the increased blood supply the
brain receive more nourishment and it has good effect upon
memory, vision, hearing, concentration, psyche and all other
cognitive abilities. People who offer their prayers regularly have
more will power and can cope with the difficulties of life in a
much better manner. They have less incidence of headaches,
psychological problems and other defects of cognitive function.
• In the unique position of Sajdah the neck muscles get best
exercise.
• It is uncommon that a person who offers his prayers regularly will
get the usual neck myalgias (pain) or cervical spondylosis as the
neck muscles particularly become very strong due to the 34 sajdahs
offered daily in five prayers.
JALSA & QAIDA
• After performing Sajdah either the musalli stands up or he sits to
pray Attahiyyat. In this position the person sits calmly while his
hands rest at his thighs which are folded backwards. This is much
similar to the relaxation position of Yoga and has soothing effect
upon one's health and mentation.
The following benefits have been noted among those who perform
the prayers on regular basis:
• Burning off calories and losing weight
• Maintaining muscle tone and body composition
• Joint flexibility
• Improving heart and lung function and aerobic capacity
• Decreasing heart disease risk profile
• Increasing your sense of self-control
• Reducing your level of stress
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12. • Increasing your ability to concentrate
• Reducing depression and resistance to depression
• Helping you sleep better
CONCLUSION
None of the scientific discoveries, inventions or facts that were
concluded after the revelation of Qur‟an (started 610) caused any
conflict with Qur‟an scientific statements. The opposite is what
happened. Those scientific discoveries, inventions and facts are
continually proving that this Qur‟an is a revelation from Allah and that it
includes scientific issues and phenomenon that were only been possible
to be proved by the current stage of art of knowledge and science.
To attribute the presence of scientific facts in the Qur‟an to coincidence
would be against common sense and true scientific approach.
Indeed the scientific accuracy of the Qur‟anic verses confirms the
Quran‟s open declaration.
“Soon will We show them Our Signs in the
(furthest) regions (of the earth), and in their own
souls, until it becomes manifest to them that is the
Truth, it is not enough that Thy Lord doth witness
all things?”(Qur‟an 41:53)
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