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chap003.ppt
1.
Chapter 3 Fundamentals of Corporate Finance Fifth
Edition Slides by Matthew Will McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Accounting and Finance
2.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 2 Topics Covered The Balance Sheet The Income Statement The Statement of Cash Flows Accounting Practice & Malpractice Taxes
3.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 3 The Balance Sheet Definition Financial statements that show the value of the firm’s assets and liabilities at a particular point in time (from an accounting perspective).
4.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 4 The Balance Sheet The Main Balance Sheet Items Current Assets Cash & Securities Receivables Inventories + Fixed Assets Tangible Assets Intangible Assets Current Liabilities Payables Short-term Debt + Long-term Liabilities + Shareholders’ Equity =
5.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 5 Market Value vs. Book Value Book Values are determined by GAAP Market Values are determined by current values Equity and Asset “Market Values” are usually higher than their “Book Values”
6.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 6 Market Value vs. Book Value Example According to GAAP, your firm has equity worth $6 billion, debt worth $4 billion, assets worth $10 billion. The market values your firm’s 100 million shares at $75 per share and the debt at $4 billion. Q: What is the market value of your assets? A: Since (Assets=Liabilities + Equity), your assets must have a market value of $11.5 billion.
7.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 7 Market Value vs. Book Value Example (continued) Book Value Balance Sheet Assets = $10 bil Debt = $4 bil Equity = $6 bil Market Value Balance Sheet Assets = $11.5 bil Debt = $4 bil Equity = $7.5 bil
8.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 8 The Income Statement Definition Financial statement that shows the revenues, expenses, and net income of a firm over a period of time (from an accounting perspective).
9.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 9 The Income Statement Earnings Before Income & Taxes (EBIT) EBIT = - total Revenues - costs - deprecation
10.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 10 The Income Statement Pepsico Income Statement (year end 2004) Net Sales 29,261 COGS 12,142 Selling, G&A expenses 10,142 Depreciation expense 1,264 EBIT 5,713 Net interest expense 167 Taxable Income 5,546 Income Taxes 1,334 Net Income 4,212
11.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 11 Profits vs. Cash Flows Differences “Profits” subtract depreciation (a non-cash expense) “Profits” ignore cash expenditures on new capital (the expense is capitalized) “Profits” record income and expenses at the time of sales, not when the cash exchanges actually occur “Profits” do not consider changes in working capital
12.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 12 The Statement of Cash Flows Definition Financial statement that shows the firm’s cash receipts and cash payments over a period of time.
13.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 13 The Statement of Cash Flows Pepsico Statement of Cash Flows (excerpt - year end 2004) Net Income 4,212 Non-cash expenses Depreciation 1,264 Other (109) Changes in working capital A/R=(130) A/P=(50) Inv=(100) other=(33) (313) Cash Flow from operations 5,054 Cash Flow from investments (2,330) Cash provided by financing (2,264) Net Change in Cash Position 460
14.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 14 Accounting Practice Stock options Cookie Jar Reserves Off balance sheet assets and liabilities Revenue recognition
15.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 15 Taxes Taxes have a major impact on financial decisions Marginal Tax Rate is the tax that the individual pays on each extra dollar of income. Average Tax Rate is the total tax bill divided by total income.
16.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 16 Taxes Example - Taxes and Cash Flows can be changed by the use of debt. Firm A pays part of its profits as debt interest. Firm B does not. Firm A Firm B EBIT 100 100 Interest 40 0 Pretax Income 60 100 Taxes (35%) 21 35 Net Income 39 65 Example - Taxes and Cash Flows can be changed by the use of debt. Firm A pays part of its profits as debt interest. Firm B does not. Firm A EBIT 100 Interest 40 Pretax Income 60 Taxes (35%) 21 Net Income 39
17.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 17 Taxes FOOD FOR THOUGHT - If you were both the debt and equity holders of the firm, which would generate more cash flow to you? (assume Net Income = Cash Flow) Firm A Firm B EBIT 100 100 Interest 40 0 Pretax Income 60 100 Taxes (35%) 21 35 Net Income 39 65 ?
18.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 18 Taxes FOOD FOR THOUGHT - If you were both the debt and equity holders of the firm, which would generate more cash flow to you? (assume Net Income = Cash Flow) Firm A Firm B Net Income 39 65 + Interest 40 0 Net Cash Flow 79 65 ?
19.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 19 Corporate Tax Rates (2005) Taxable Income ($) Tax Rate (%) 0-50,000 15 50,001-75,000 25 75,001-100,000 34 100,001-18,333,333 34-39 over 18,333,333 35
20.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 20 Personal Tax Rates (2005) Single Taxable Income ($) Married Taxable Income ($) Tax Rate (%) 0-7,300 0-14,000 10 7,300-29,700 14,600-59,400 15 29,700-71,950 59,400-119,950 25 71,950-150,150 119,950-182,800 28 150,150-623,450 182,800-326,450 33 over 326,450 over 326,450 35
21.
Copyright © 2007
by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved McGraw-Hill/Irwin 3- 21 IRS Web Site
Editor's Notes
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