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Role and nurse family contact
1.
2. Concept of Holistic Care in Family Health
Introduction
• Holistic health involves total person: the whole of the person’s being and the overall
quality of lifestyle.
• In community health, holistic approach means considering the broad range of interacting
needs that affects the collective health of the “client” as a larger system.
• Holistic health uploads all aspect of people’s needs: psychosocial, physical,
psychological and environmental influences.
3. Contd..
• The philosophical concept of holism includes the recognition that the whole is
greater than the sum of it’s parts.
• A holistic approach brings an awareness and respect for and influence each
aspect of a person’s life has on all others. The whole lifestyle of the person is
addressed; taking into consideration diet, exercise, the mind and emotions, one’s
spiritual outlook, and the interaction between family, friends, co-workers, society
and nature in holistic health.
4. Holistic Health care
• The health care that takes into account the whole person in his environment
in the prevention and treatment of diseases is called holistic health care. It
considers all components of health, health promotion, health maintenance,
health education and illness prevention and restorative rehabilitative care.
5. Contd..
• Holistic nursing care encompasses the comprehensive and total care of the client in
all areas such as physical, emotional, social, spiritual and economic.
• Since family comprises of many members; in order to provide holistic care to
family; each and every aspects that affects /determines health of each individual
member should be taken into consideration. Holism approach should be taken to
provide care to each member as the health of one member affects the health of
whole family.
6. Role and Function of Nurse in Family Health
Care
Role is a sociological concept which refers to the behavior prescribed and expected of all who
perform certain functions. It is a set of behaviors expected of a person in a certain position.
Generally, an individual assumes a role under any of the following circumstances:
When he occupies a particular status in society, like a father, a teacher, a priest, etc.
When he occupies an informally defined position in interpersonal relationships, like an
informal leader or a friend.
When he occupies a position identified with a particular value in society. E.g. role of a good
neighbor.
7. The Nature of Role
Status
Position
Role
• Ascribed
• Achieved
• Adopted
• Assumed
8. Roles and Functions
• Health monitor
• Care Provider
• Co-ordinator
• Facilitator
• Health Educator
• Counselor
11. Nurse and Family Contact
INTRODUCTION
• It is defined as the meeting of nurse and family with its members with an
aim to identify and solve their health problems.
• The nurse family contact is made for the preventive, promotion, curative and
rehabilitative health services of the family.
12. Criteria for the Type of Nurse Family Contact
While selecting family for contact; nurse must consider the following criteria:
• Objective of nurse family contact: nurse family contact is made on the
basis of purpose of the contact. Eg : if it is to provide health education to a
large group; group conference is better.
• Availability of time: availability of time of nurse and family decides the
type of contact. Eg: if the nurse has less time; clinic visit is better.
13. Contd.
• Accessibility and availability of resources: nurse family contact is not effective
or possible if the nurse does not have enough resources to provide health education
or services.
• Nature of client: the nature of clients helps to decide the type of nurse family
contact. Eg: if the clients are school going children; school visit is excellent, if the
clients are housewives; home visit is the best way of nurse family contact.
14. Contd.
• Types of health services to be provided: clinic visit is necessary for the
routine care, group conference is necessary for providing awareness program
and school health programs such as: school T.T programs require school
visit.
• Identification of source of infection: home visit is the best way to identify
the source of infection during endemic or epidemic.
15. Types of Nurse Family Contact
• Home visit
• Clinic visit
• Group conference
• Written communication
• School visit
• Industrial visit
16. Home visit
• Home visit is one of the most
important aspect of public health
services.
• Best way of performing family-
centered care.
• Home visiting refers to meeting the
needs of the people at their door
steps.
17. Purpose
• To identify the needs of an individual, family and community.
• To investigate any source of infections or disease.
• To provide health education related to need of the individual family and community. Eg:
personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, nutrition, etc.
• To motivate the use of family planning methods to the couple.
• To follow up the mother or child or an adult after the visit to a health center, maternity and
child welfare clinic, hospital, etc.
18. Contd.
• To find out and use the community resources.
• To carry out simple nursing care in the home.
• To prevent disease and promote health of the members of the family.
• To do follow up of previous activities activities to see whether the set objectives are
fulfilled or not.
• To refer cases to appropriate agencies.
19. Principles
• Home visit should be planned with purpose and should be beneficial to clients.
• The purpose should be clear, and must meet the needs of the clients.
• It should be regular and flexible according to the needs of the clients.
• Self introduction, introduction to the agency and purpose of visit should be clearly stated at the
time of visit.
• The nurse should be flexible and must respect the client’s right to accept or reject care and to
participate in goal setting and goal achievement.
• Proper health message should be communicated to the clients in every contact.
20. Contd.
• The nurse should use safe technical skill and nursing procedures.
• The nurse should make attempt to include each family member while using nursing process.
• The nurse should develop positive interpersonal relationship with families to achieve the
goal.
• Evaluate periodically the work performance and health education provided.
• Home visit should be recorded in the diary and family folder.
21. Clinic Visit
• Clinic visit by the family is easy for the
nurse. She can see many people in a
short period time. She can teach many
people of the community, not just from
one family. Medical equipment and
supplies are also available for the
assessment and treatment of patients.
22. Purpose
• To identify the health problems of clients in the clinic setting.
• To carry out symptomatic treatment and nursing care for major or minor
illness to the people.
• To maintain and promote the health of the people.
• To provide health teaching according to the need of the people.
23. Contd.
• To provide routine health services such as immunization, weight monitoring
for children, antenatal check-up, family planning and minor illness, etc.
• To provide maximum health services with minimum effort.
• To refer the complicated case to the higher and more facilitated health
centers.
24. Principles
• All relevant information should be gathered to identify the problems and set priorities.
• Health care should be provided irrespective of age, sex, income, religion, etc.
• Client’s feelings, attitudes, culture, customs values and beliefs should be respected.
• Safe technical skills and scientific procedures should be provided.
• Proper health education and guidance should be provided.
• Record the relevant facts and information appropriately.
• Refer the complicated cases to the appropriate agencies.
25. Group Conference or Family Discussion
• Group conference often involves the
entire family and can be done at home,
clinic, school or work place. A group
conference is useful in situations where the
family has a chronic problem i.e. having a
negative effect on the entire family.
26. Purpose
• To identify the problems of a family or a group.
• To get all of the family members to agree on ways to correct the problem
and work together during the implementation of the plan.
• To develop the sense of unity among the family members or groups.
• To provide health education or counseling to the family or group.
27. Principles
• All relevant information should be gathered to identify the problems and set priorities.
• Consider families or group’s feelings, attitudes, culture, customs, values and practices.
• Provide health education and counseling without any biasness.
• Make regular follow up visit to evaluate the effectiveness of the group conference.
• Be aware of the locally available community resources and use them wisely and
appropriately.
28. Written Communication
• Written communication is useful for minor problems that do not need any direct
attention from nurse. Written communication can be followed when a record of
communication is necessary.
• For e.g. written communication would be: “your son Ram, completed 9 months. He
needs to take measles vaccine against measles. Monday is the immunization day at
health post. So, please bring your son at immunization clinic for vaccination on
Monday 10 am to 2 pm.”
29. Purpose
• To instruct people to seek health care services.
• To reinforce the clients to follow instructions regarding health care and practices, such as,
when and how much medicine to take.
• To inform the family about the condition of the client.
• To deliver the information on mass campaigns or awareness programmes.
• To enable the client to memorize the instructions for longer period of time.
30. Principles
• Before the nurse writes information for the family, she must first find out if anyone
in the family is able to read.
• Instructions involving pictures can be used to make communication effective.
• Giving written instructions to family members increases the chance for the family
members to follow the instructions correctly.
31. Contd.
• Use the simpler words so that the family members can easily understand.
• Make sure the written communication is understood by the family members
correctly.
• Include all necessary information and clearly state the instructions.
32. Advantage
• It has permanent record for future reference.
• It is less likely to be misunderstood.
• It will have adequate coverage and accuracy.
• Suitable for communicating lengthy messages.
• It is an authoritative communication.
33. Disadvantages
• It requires skill and education for understanding.
• It is one-way communication and hence may not be effective.
• There is no opportunity for the subordinates to ask questions and exchange ideas.
• It may not communicate all aspects.
• The sender cannot immediately check and ensure whether the message is
understood or not.
34. School Visit
• School visits are made to assess the
health of school children, teachers,
staffs and individual family member in
those environments. Periodic school
visit is necessary to monitor the health
related attitudes, behavior and practices
of the school children.
35. Contd.
• Child to child school health programs can be conducted which is effective in
delivering health education, changing the attitudes, knowledge and behavior
of the family and community through school children. For e.g. measles
outbreak at a school can be spread to families from children attending the
assessed.
36. Purposes
• To assess the health and identify health problems of school children.
• To assess the safety measures and spread of infection in the school area.
• To provide basic health services to the school children, teachers and other staffs.
• To provide health education and counseling.
• To conduct child to child school health programme.
• To communicate health messages and information to the family and a community through
school children.
37. Contd.
• To bring about positive changes in the knowledge, attitudes and practices of
school children regarding their health.
• To provide information and care at school those are used at home too.
• To make regular follow up visit to evaluate the effectiveness of visit.
• To refer the case appropriately.
38. Principles
• School visit should be planned with purpose and should be beneficial to
clients.
• The purpose should be clear and must meet the needs of the client.
• All relevant information should be gathered to identify the problems and set
priorities.
39. Contd..
• Health education should be provided on the basis of their needs and level of
the knowledge of the children.
• The nurse should make good interpersonal relationship with the children to
achieve goal.
• Record the relevant facts and information appropriately.
40. Industrial Visit
• Industrial visit is made with the
purpose to assess the safety
measures as well as spread of
infectious or communicable
disease in the industrial area.
41. Contd.
• The major focus of industrial visit is to prevent accidents or disease as it
affects the daily living of the whole family. The nurse provides health
education or safety measures, monitors health status, provides basic health
care, refers appropriately and helps in rehabilitation.
42. Purposes
• To assess the health of the workers and identify their health problems.
• To assess the safety measures and spread of infection in the working place.
• To promote occupational health.
• To provide basic health care services.
• To provide health education and counseling according to the needs of the workers.
• To refer the case appropriately.
• To make regular follow up for any positive changes in the health of the workers.
43. Principles
• Industrial visit should be planned with clear purpose that meets the needs of
the clients.
• Use safe technical skills and nursing procedure while providing care.
• Collect complete information to identify the problems.
• Make complete preparation (e.g. first aid box) before the visit.
44. Contd.
• Nurse should have knowledge and skills on infections or injury prevention.
• Health education and counseling needs to be provided according to the
needs of the client.
• Proper recording should be made after the visit.
• Regular follow up and evaluation of the visit should be made.
46. Sample Questions
Choose the best answer.
• Types of nurse-family contact are:
i. Home visit iii. Clinic visit
ii. School visit iv. All of the above
• Industrial visit is made with the purpose to assess the safety measures of:
i. The school children iii. workers
ii. The health care provider iv. None of the above
47. Contd.
The role acquired by birth is known as:
i. Ascribed iii. Adopted
ii. Achieved iv. Assumed
