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by Lu Cifer on Friday, 24 December 2010 at 14:35

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Friday, 24 December 2010 12:18
http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/articles/2-articles/5331-2010-12-24-05-21-01

                                         .
by       on Friday, 24 December 2010 at 15:08
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      ..
http://drlunswe.blogspot.com/2010/12/blog-post_24.html

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    1.
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    5. World's largest Jesus Christ Statue
    6. Bible
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( How to Study the Bible )
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( Study for Bible Knowledge )
–                                   ( Bible Study by Chapters )
–                                   ( Bible Study by Paragraphs )
–                                        ( Bible Study by Verses )
–                                                  ( Bible Study by Books )
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World's largest Jesus Christ Statue




Poland to build world's largest Jesus Christ statue — A small Polish town has sought to place itself on the global
tourist map by building the world's largest statue of Jesus, eclipsing Rio's famous Christ the Redeemer. More
images after the break...
The statue of Jesus Christ in Swiebodzin is due for completion in November Photo: EPA
Swiebodzin, a Polish town of 21,000 near the German border, will soon be home to a 33-metre effigy of Christ,
which, along with a crown that adds a further two metres and its 16-metre mound will put all other statues
dedicated to the son of God in its shade. Due for completion in November, the monument should pip the world's
current record holder, Bolivia's Cristo de la Concodia statue, by some nine metres, and look down on the world
famous statue in Rio de Janeiro, which stands just 30 metres tall minus its plinth. Although erected ostensibly
to show gratitude to God, the town hopes having the massive statue will bring tourists into a community that
has lain off the beaten track for most of its existence.
"If we had opened a racetrack or a golf course here, tourists would have come only for the season. But with a
  statue of Jesus the season will last the whole year," a local official told Wprost, a weekly news magazine.


With construction nearing the end, engineers face the hazardous task of lifting the figure's massive head and
 shoulders into place, which, officials say, might require the use of a helicopter. By Matthew Day in Warsaw
--
More info : http://groups.google.com/group/myanmar-daily-info-n-general-knowledge


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      K   ―                                                (Veronica Pedrosa)


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Thursday, 23 December 2010 12:28




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Thursday, 23 December 2010 15:53




Grassroots Human Rights Education and Development (GHRED)
GHR
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        The Human Rights Prize of The French Republic
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Thursday, 23 December 2010 12:28
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Thursday, 23 December 2010 16:28
- AP)




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Than Shwe's Son-in-law Named Ambassador to China
By WAI MOE

- Hide quoted text -

In his latest effort to entrench his family's status as Burma's ruling clan, Snr-Gen Than Shwe appoints his son-in-
law to serve as the country's ambassador to its closest ally.

In his 18 years as head of Burma's ruling junta, Snr-Gen Than Shwe has worked tirelessly to cement not only
the regime's hold on power, but also the status of his closest relatives as members of the country's de facto
royal family.
http://www.irrawaddy.org/index.php




2010-12-23




2010-12-23




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10 Most Fascinating Mazes



Longleat Hedge Maze (UK)
16 000                         ‘                        z --         ‘        -- was first
laid out in 1975 by designer Greg Bright. The Maze covers an area of around 1.48 acres (0.6 hectares) with a
                       1 69         2 72                                               z       ‘               -
dimensional, with six wooden bridges offering tantalizing glimpses towards the elusive centre of the maze,
which is marked by an observation tower for visitors who manage to find it.



  Reignac-sur-Indre Maze (France)
In 1996, the year this plant maze --the world's largest-- was created at Reignac-sur-Indre in Touraine, 85,000
visitors came to admire and lose themselves in the middle of its 4-hectare (10-acre) expanse. Each year, a maze
of corn or sunflowers emerges from the ground over the summer, is harvested in the autumn, and then
reappears the following year in a different form, thanks to a well-proven technique of sowing and marking out.



  York Maze, a Star Trek tribute (UK)
Containing 1.5 million individual plants, this maze --just outside York-- covers 32 acres, the equivalent of 15
football pitches, and was designed using satellite technology, which meant the paths could be cut to an
accuracy of half a metre. The huge maze was created by Tom Pearcy as a tribute to the 40th anniversary of Star
Trek.
Ashcombe Maze (Australia)




             z               ‘                                             z     ted at Shoreham on the east
of the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria. Measuring three meters high by two meters wide, the gardens also boast
         ‘               z                 217                     1 200



  Pineapple Garden Maze (Hawaii)
‘            z                                               2001                             z
three miles of paths on three acres. Instead of a traditional English hedge, it is planted with 14,000 colorful
Hawaiian plants, including hibiscus, croton, panax, pineapple and heliconia. It is located in Wahiawa, Hawaii at
Dole Plantation and certainly looks scary from the air.

Snake Maze (UK)
Michael Blee, 62, spent several months creating this six-acre maze at Gore Farm in Upchurch, near Rochester,
Kent. Its hedges stand 9ft tall. This is the 10th and the most complicated maze Mr. Blee has ever done. He is
hoping his giant game makes it into the Guinness Book of Records.



  Il Labirinto (Italy)
Created in the early 1700s, Il Labirinto is said to be one of the most complicated labyrinths in the world. Located
in the town of Stra, just outside Venice on the grounds of Villa Pisani, the legend says Napoleon got "lost" in it
around 1807.



   Peace Maze (Ireland)
This Irish maze was officially opened in 2001. The largest permanent hedge maze in the world, it covers an area
of 11,000m2 --2.7 acres, or, 1.1 hectares. The path length is 3147m (2 miles or 3443 yards). The hedge is
constructed from 6000 yew trees, many of which were planted during December 2000 by people from all over
Northern Ireland.
Hampton Court Maze (UK)




The Maze at Hampton Court, the royal palace on the Thames to the west of London, is probably UK's most
famous one. Planted as part of the gardens laid out for William of Orange between 1689 and 1695 by George
London and Henry Wise, it covers an area of a third of an acre (about 1350 sq meters), with paths of over half a
mile (0.8 km) long. It was described with great wit in Jerome K. Jerome's novel 'Three Men in a Boat.' Hampton
Court Maze continues to attract hundreds of thousands of visitors each year.



  Davis' Mega Maze (USA)
Davis' Mega Maze in Sterling, Massachusetts, has been a popular seasonal attraction since 1998. Davis'
Farmland, a seventh-generation family-owned farm, holds this unique maze that changes completely from year
to year. Designed in Dorset, England, by maze designer Adrian Fisher who is often credited with creating the
modern maize maze craze, the Mega Maze takes more than 12,800 labor hours to be created each year.




10 of the World's Most Dangerous Roads
The Death Road (Bolivia)
The North Yungas Road, also known as The Death Road, is a 61 to 69 km road leading from La Paz to Coroico
(Bolivia's capital, to the Amazon region) in the Yungas region of Bolivia. It is legendary for its extreme danger:
in 1995 the Inter-American Development Bank christened it as the "world's most dangerous road. " One
estimate is that 200-300 travelers were killed yearly along the road. The road includes crosses marking many of
the spots where such vehicles have fallen.

Guoliang Tunnel Road (China)
The road in Taihang mountains was built by local villagers: it took five years to finish the 1,200 metre long
tunnel which is about 5 meters high and 4 meters wide. Some of the villagers died in accidents during
construction; undaunted, the others continued. On May 1, 1977, the tunnel was opened to traffic. It is located in
the Taihang Mountains, in the Hunan Province of China.



   Ruta 5: Arica to Iquique Road (Chile)
The road from Arica to Iquique is renowned for being dangerous; you drive past very deep valleys and wind
your way through, spotting ever so often tell-tale vehicle skeletons at the bottom. The few times you can see
cars and buses passing by, they were doing so at such a speed that you may think they are either tempting fate
very foolishly or perhaps they are just ghosts whizzing past. The mono-hued and isolated scenery is well capable
of endowing you with the capacity to have such visions, so concentrating and avoiding the use of any form of
hallucinatory substance is essential here.

Siberian Road to Yakutsk (Russia)
The Russian Federal Highway connects Moscow to Yakutsk, where the coldest temperature ever recorded
outside Antarctica was recorded. Yakutsk is also the largest city built on continuous permafrost. Most houses are
built on concrete piles because of the frozen ground.


What does all this have to do with being one of the world's most dangerous roads? Well, during the winter,
which is approximately ten months long, driving in and out of Yakutsk is subject to heavy snow, ice, and
reduced visibility. However, winter road conditions are a picnic compared to trying to navigate the Russian
Federal Highway on July and August. Though many Siberian residents will tell you the highway is not paved to
keep the Germans out (a tired World War II era joke), the truth is because of the permafrost there is no asphalt,
creating a mud induced traffic jam every time the summer rains swing Yakutsk's way. Near thousand car traffic
jams are not unheard of and during these back ups and travelers might pass the time while stuck in Siberian
traffic by looting, beating, and kidnapping other travelers. Siberian mud pirates.
2010-12-22 RFA




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                         China Power Investment Corporation China Southern Power Grid


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CPI Yunan International Power Investment Co., Ltd
China Power Investment Corporation




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UNESCO CHAIR INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP TRAINING PROGRAMME: A
GLOBAL INTERGENERATIONAL FORUM
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    http://www.unescochair.uconn.edu/upspecialevents_Europe.htm
               Tin Maung Aye (Tim Aye-Hardy) @ TimAyeHardy@Burma-Network.com




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Dear Friends -




In my previous posting which I sent I made a mistake in-haste, saying that LSE-Al Jazeera English dialogue with
Aung San Suu Kyi was scheduled to be broadcast under AJZ's regular 'Inside Story'. It will be broadcast as a
Special program - twice on Wednesday 22 Dec and Thursday 23 Dec.




Also included in this posting are two other interviews (transcripts) from the Global Post and one Canadian
publication.




cheers,
zarni




See the schedule:




http://english.aljazeera.net/Services/Schedule/ProgramSchedule.aspx




GMT - LOCAL




Wednesday, 22 December 201000:0001:00
Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi
00:30   00:30    Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects
                 from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar.

Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi
Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects from them, and puts
forward her vision for Myanmar.




                 Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi
07:30   07:30    Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects
                 from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar.




THURSDAY 23 Dec - GMT
Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi
12:30   12:30    Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects
                 from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar.




                 Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi
19:00   19:00    Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects
                 from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar.




================




http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/asia/101220/interview-burma-myanmar-aung-san-suu-kyi

Interview: Straight talk from Aung San Suu Kyi
Famed dissident dishes on the junta, tiny cell phones and how Burmese need to help themselves.
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    FOR OUR MEMBERS

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    By Bernard Krisher - Special to GlobalPost
    Published: December 20, 2010 12:58 ET in Asia
Burma's democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi poses for a portrait at the National League for Democracy (NLD)
headquarters in Rangoon, Burma, on Dec. 8, 2010. (Getty Images)

Aung San Suu Kyi, the revered leader of        ‘ democracy movement, was released from house arrest in
November after more than 15 years. Elected prime minister in 1990, but denied her title and confined off-and-
on ever since, the Nobel Peace Laureate is considered by some to be a Gandhi-caliber icon. In this interview,
Suu Kyi talks about her willingness to cooperate with the junta, her eagerness to get an email account and her
plans for Burma's future.
Bernard Krisher, publisher of The Cambodia Daily and The Burma Daily, first interviewed Suu Kyi in 2000 in
Rangoon. This month, Krisher conducted a follow-up phone interview with her, the text of which appears here
exclusively.
GP: Now that you have been released, are you willing to cooperate with the regime?
Aung San Suu Kyi: I think I've always said I was willing to cooperate with the regime. I don't think this is
something new.

You won the election in 1990 and the regime did not allow you to take power and then you were under house
arrest and confinement for many years. Now that you are free, how do you feel? What should be your relationship
to the junta now?

Our relationship to the junta has always been based on what we can best do for the country. That is how we
                                      j                             ‘
me under detention. These personal considerations don't come into the picture at all.

What you would like to do in the future? What are you plans, what is your agenda?

Yes, of course we have an agenda but the most important thing at the moment is for the whole world to
understand that Burma needs a process of democratization. We would like all of our supporters to work towards
this. And not just our supporters but the international community and the United Nations.

When I met you the last time in 2000, I asked how can you survive this? You said through humor. After all that
has happened, do you still feel that humor is the best way to survive?

Humor is one of the best ingredients of survival. We have a lot of it around in the NLD [our party, the National
League for Democracy] and I don't think we could have survived without it, considering that so many of us have
been in and out of prison so frequently. But when we sit around and talk and do our work there is a lot of
laughter. It is part of our survival apparatus.

Are you able to use email now?

     ‘                        j                      ne in the NLD office reconnected after eight years. We'll
have to wait a little longer before we graduate to the email stage yet.

I suspect you are talking on a cell phone. Have you used a cell phone before?

I only used a cell phone for the first time after I was released. I had difficulty coping with it because it seemed
so small and insubstantial.

There have been leaks of diplomatic cables indicating that the U.S. government believes that the Burmese regime
is pursuing a nuclear weapons program with North K        ‘ involvement. Are the people of Burma aware of this
and what is your opinion?

I am not aware of this in any detail but I have heard about it on the radio.

What is the best way for foreign governments or aid groups to help Burma? What does Burma need and what is
the best way to help?

The best way to help Burma is to empower the people of Burma, to help us have enough self-confidence to
obtain what we want for ourselves. For the moment, our people are frightened and lack confidence they have
any power. The best way people can help us is to encourage us to help ourselves.
How can non-governmental organizations help Burma?

When they give humanitarian aid, it should be given in such a way that it empowers people instead of
increasing their dependency.

As you told me the last time ―    teach them how to fish rather than giving them       ‖?

I've gone one step further. Apart from teaching them how to fish, you need to create an environment where
they can use their fishing skills. That is to say, it is no use teaching them how to fish and then leaving them at
                                        ‘
their skills and that their skills are suited to the environment.

Do you intend to run for office in the next election?

 ‘                                                                                 x                           ‘
predict what will happen in the next five years.

In "Inside Burma," GlobalPost visits the refugee camps along the Thai border to give voice to civilians who are
often silenced under a repressive regime:


==================================



Some Burmese NGOs Say Suu Kyi Hampers Their Work
By HTET AUNG Thursday, December 16, 2010




http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=20331




Some Burmese non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have complained to a United Nations envoy that their
work has been hampered by the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and her active involvement in social issues.




The complaints were voiced in a meeting between Vijay Nambiar, the UN secretary-general's special envoy to
Burma, and representatives of local NGOs during his two-day visit to Burma. Unofficial notes on the meetings,
obtained by The Irrawaddy, reported that the potential for opening up the country's civil society groups to
address the country's social issues in the post-election period had been discussed.
Among those who met Nambiar were Nay Win Maung, of Myanmar Egress; Khin Maung Yin and Dr Myo Lwin of
the Pyo Pin Program; Thiha Kyaing of the Phoenix Association (Myanmar); Myint Su from the Local Resource
Center; and officials from the Metta Foundation and the International Development Enterprise.




The notes on the meeting said Nay Win Maung and Khin Maung Yin told the UN envoy it had become more
difficult to carry out their social works after Suu Kyi's release because of what they perceived as her hardline
political stand. Her call for a second Panglong conference, for example, was ―             ‖ they said.




However, the notes didn't elaborate precisely on how the NGOs felt Suu Kyi's political stand could hamper their
social works. The Irrawaddy tried to contact Nay Win Maung to obtain further elaboration but couldn't reach him.




Nay Win Maung is one of the founders of Myanmar Egress, which actively promoted the Nov. 7 election through
voter education programs. He also owns the local weekly journal The Voice. Khin Maung Yin is a leader of the
Pyo Pin Program, which is funded by the UK Department for International Development via the British Embassy
in Rangoon.
―     don't view the release of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi                 ‖ said Thiha Kyaing. ―   said they could do
their social works better before Daw Suu was freed and that after her release the political situation became
shaky. It was difficult for them to operate their      ‖




Thiha Kyaing said he didn't share these views. ―      of the people who met the special envoy are not really
working at the grassroots level and they spoke mostly about policy issues, neither truly representing nor
knowing the real situation of the             ‖




Phoenix Association is a non-profit social organization and its members are people living with HIV/AIDS. The
organization was established in 2005 with the objective of supporting HIV/AIDS patients facing social and
economic problems.




Thiha Kyaing said the Phoenix Association had not experienced greater difficulty in carrying out its social work
since Suu Kyi's release, which the organization viewed positively.
―   fact, Daw Suu's influence can even be used to raise funds for our      ‖ he said. ―         in the
communities that I am working with strongly support Daw         ‖




In the unofficial meeting notes, Nay Win Maung and Khin Maung Yin said Suu Kyi needs to update her
knowledge of the changes that occurred during her house arrest.




They complained they hadn't had a chance to meet Suu Kyi—although Thein Oo, the National League for
Democracy (NLD) official responsible for arranging all meetings with Suu Kyi, told The Irrawaddy: ―         has so
far been no request from Egress to meet with Daw Aung San Suu K ‖




Ohn Kyaing, the NLD central executive committee member responsible for contacts with other local
organizations, dismissed the Egress and Pyo Pin Program complaints as ―          ‖ He said: ―         her release,
she has already made clear that she is willing to cooperate with all      ‖
Following her release last month, Suu Kyi has advocated a strengthening of the civil society organizations. In a
video speech sent to the recent EU Development Forum, she called for more investment in the development of
civil society organizations, adding that it must be ―          and              ‖


2010-12-22




2010-12-22
―


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2010-12-22
2010-12-22




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http://www.rfa.org/burmese/
AP
     22   2010
22   2010
22        2010




http://www.voanews.com/burmese/news/
http://burmese.dvb.no/


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Wဧ္ပဧ္ကကရ္္ကအရဠကW္နရWဤနဠကယယက အယကW4 EW- EE- AES

ဧ္နဧေအ္ဧေယ္W       ရကယနရ ဟဆျWေအေဧခ္ကဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ္နရWရ        ဟ္ပ္ကက   ခ ဤဢနရW   ရကကရပ ယနရ ္္ဆဲပနရကကလနရဲWဟအလ္ကပနရကကေယချသအ ။W “
W”ဧဆဘပဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ္နရWဧ္ပဧ္ကကဧယနရကက Wဲ္ကဢနရကအလ္ကဟ္ခWဟဥနယကေဢခ္ကသအ
                                                                                                                              W

                       ရWေအေဧခ္ကWကေအခ-အဟယကဟချဲ္ကဤနဠကေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟျW            ရကဟံယရန ္္ဆဲWဤနဠကယယက ဟဆကဲနရဤဆကျWဧခအျ
                       ဧခ Wဤနဠကယယက အလ္ကဟဆကWဟဥနယကေယချေိ္ခကက W W4 EW-EE-AESေ္သဠကဢကဲ္ကေိ္ခကက အလ္ကဤဆကျW
                       ဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ဧဤ္ကWW4 EW-EE-AESယကအျရဤအယ္ကကပ ္ဲနရဤဆက။Wဧဲနရရ္W၀ဧဲရနရ္ဢနရကကယက ၏Wယခ
                       ဧ္နဧေအ္ဧေယ္W         ရကယနရ ဟဆျW“ဧ    ္ကရ္ယခဣယကတျရဤအ္WWဤနဠကယယက ဟပပျကကျWရယကဤ္ကကရပ
                       ္ကက   ခ ဤဢနရW   ရကကရပ ယနရ ္္ဆဲပနရကကလနရဲWဟအလ္ကပနရကကေယချသအ ။W ေအေဧခ္ကဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ္နရWရ          ဟ္ပ
                       WဥနနWဲနရဤဆက။”ဧဆဘပဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ္နရWဧ္ပဧ္ကကဧယနရကက Wဲ္ကဢနရကအလ္ကဟ္ခWဟဥနယကေဢခ္ကသအ
                       W
W
W
ဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ေရၐယနကကWဧေအ္္ံ              ခ ဤဆကျWယဠက္ရကအလယကေ္္ခကW W3 EW-EE-AESအဟယကဟခပနရကကကံဧေယအလကကျWဢ္ကအျရယနကကW
ယကအျရဤအ   ံဟျWဤရအဤဆက။Wဧဲနရရ္Wေအေဧခ္ကေ္သဠကဢကW ၀ဟ္ခ ္ရနWဧဤံန အရေေယဤဆကဥနWဧ                    ရကရ္ယခ ဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကဤနဠကဟပဢနရကက
ဧခ W      ရကဟံဤနဠကယယက အခယနကကWဧရဟကယပ ္္ကက ပနရကကကံအလ္ကဤဆကျWသ ္ဢခ ေဘျတျကပနရကကကံပျကကျW )၄(ဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကေိ္ခကက Wယံရ္
ကရပ ဟျWဢ္ကေယနထယနကကWဧေ္ခကကဧ         ဆကေရၐဢခအ္ကက W ္္ရယကဲ္ကအယကဧယန္ကWဠကက ပရနကကကံပျကကျဢဆက Wပျ္ကပရနကကကံဆရပပရပကက ဟပဟ္ခ ္နရWအရေဢနရက္ဆျ
ဟအျရ္ဆျဥနဢဆက Wဧ      ္ကရ္Wယခဣယကတျရဤအ္ဲနရဤဆက။Wဠ္နဢ္ကအျရဧ္္ရယကယနကကWအရဆကယနကက ၏Wဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကဤနဠကဟပW
ေရၐ၌Wဧေအ္္ံ       ခ ဤဆကျWဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ဟ္ခ ေရၐယနကကWဧဤနံ အရေေယအ္ကက အလ္ကဤဆက။W W3 EW-EE-AESဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ဟ္ခ ဧခ W
ကံWဧရ္ဧဣကကWပနရကကကံေရ္က ကWဤနံ ဲဠကေ္္ခကဟျWဧကကယခယ္ကဤံန ္နအဆ ္ကက ဟ္ခ Wေဲခကကအန္ကေယေိ္ခကက W ဧဲနရရ္ဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ယနကကWအဟယကဟခပနရကက
Wအဟယကဟချဲ္ကဤနဠကေအ ဢနရကကယက ၏Wဤယကက ဧ္္္ကဧဢ္ကပျကကျWယဆက ရဆခယခယဟျWဤရအဤဆက။
W
W))lanWFeJ WweNiyaD7(ဠနုယ္နရ္နရWW:tiedrC




    ဧကကယခယ္ကဢရနကက ဟ္ခ Wဟိ္ခ္ာWအရယကေယခ္ကဟပအလ္ကWEPM

ကက ္Wဘပပျ္က   ဆဟျခWရနရနရရနဲနရ ဢခယဠက။W္္နယကေယခကယနရထ္Wယဠကသ္ကဟနရထဢနရထဢခ ဟဤရသအ ။Wယ္ကရယကWယ္ကရယက္ရနW ဧကကယခယ္ကဢနရWMPE“
ဢနရကက ေ္ခကက ေ္ခကက ဟနယကဟနယကWအယခဲနရဢရနထWဤံန အ္ကေဢခ္ကေယခကကဟတျရသအ ။Wအအကကဢဆက Wဟယ္ကအအကကWေယထဢဠကအရယက၊WေယထဢဠကအအကကW
W”ဆေယအရယကWဧဆဘပဢနရရဆWဤနံ ေယအယခ
W

                          ေဲခကကတန္ကဢ္္ကတျရဤဆကျWဧကကယခယ္ကဢနရကက ဟ္ခ Wဟိ္ခ္ာWWအဟယကဟချဲ္ကဤနဠကေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟျ
                          ကကWယဠကကဟရေဲဟ္ခ အျရW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ W ၀အရယကေယခ္ကေယဟပေိ္ခကကျWအယက္နယကဧရ္ဧ
                          WPAPဧ္္ကံ္ံေဢ္္ကအျရေိ္ခကက W္ံန္ဟက ဤရအျရအဤဆက။Wအရဆကယနကက အျရWဧကကယခယ္ကဣယကေဲခကကဟပWေ          ခ္ကရံျဤအW
                          ကက Wဢနရကက အရယကေယခ္ကဟပWဧကကယခယ္ကဢရနကက ဟ္ခ ဤဆကWဠ္နပျ္ကဧယန EPMWအလ္ကေဤခW
                          ဢရနကက ဟ္ခ Wအဠအဤနံ ္နဆေယဤဆကျWဧကကယခယ္ကဲနရကကဟ္ခ ၊W SlADWဲ္ကယနရ္ကအလ္ကေရၐေယဤဆက။W          နရထေိ္ခကကျW
                          EPMWU eiWဟ္ခ ပျကျကWရအ ယနဆဤံန ္နဆေယအေိ္ခကက WPAPW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ ဟျခWဧအ္ခ ေဤခW
                          ္နယကေယခကယနရထ္Wဧကကယခယ္ကဢနရကက ္Wဘပပျ္က    ဆဟျခWရနရနရရနဲနရ ဢခယဠက။W္ WMPE“ဟ္ခ ္ေအရခဤဆက။W
                          ယဠကသ္ကဟနရထဢနရထဢခ ဟဤရသအ ။Wယ္ကရယကWယ္ကရယက္ရနWဢနရကက ေ္ခကက ေ္ခကက ဟနယကဟနယကWအယခဲနရဢရနထW
ဥနW”ဤံန အ္ကေဢခ္ကေယခကကဟတျရသအ ။Wအအကကဢဆက Wဟယ္ကအအကကWေယထဢဠကအရယက၊WေယထဢဠကအအကကWဆေယအရယကWဧဆဘပဢနရရဆWဤနံ ေယအယခ
ရဆကယနကက အျရW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ ပျကကျW ေဟခကဢကဟေရကကကဟေရဲတျရWအခုခဧကကယခယ္ကဲနရကကဟျWယခဣယက္ံယ္ကကပ ္ေအရခဤဆက။Wအ
ပျ္ကဟ္ေရ   ံဟျWအဠအ   ခ အကရပ WEPMWPAPWဧကကယခယ္ကဲနရကကဟ္ခ ၊Wဤန ္နဆဤအဟ္ခ ္Wဠကက အရယကေယခ္ကဟပဟ္ခ ေိ္ခကကျWအယယခရနံပျကကျ
ဧဆဘပဢနရဤနံ ေယယခေယခကကဟျWယ္က္္ယေဢWအယယခရံန္ရ္ရ္္ကအကကW “ဢနရကက အရယက္္ရယကယနကကWဢျဆကျဢဆကဤနံ ္နဆေယိ္အေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။W
ဥနWဧကကယခယ္က္နယကယ္ကတျကကWဧ္္ကဧ္ဆပျကကျWရယကဤ္က၍W ”အခ။Wဧဆဘပဢရနအ္က္္အကကWသခဟျ္ရနWဢနရကဢရနထဟအေယချသအ ဤနခ ေ
္္ေရဲဠနကက ဟပ၊W acobeyeWဢနရကကယက အျကကယ္ကကပ ္ေအရခဤဆက။Wဠ္နပျ္ကဧယနကက Wဧကကယခယ္ကအရယကေယခ္ကဟပဟ္ခ ဤဆကWဲခဝခ္္ေရဲဠနကက ဟပ၊W
ဟပဟ္ခ Wအလ္ကရနခ ေယကရပ Wဤံန ္နဤအဧ္္ေရဲ္ဟအWဠ္နပျ္ကဤဆကW ယနရ္က္ရန္က္ံအဟပ္ဤဆကျWဧေိ္ခကက ဧဟ္ေရ ဟ္ေရ ပျကကျWအရယကေယခ္က
                            ဆ
Wဧကကယခယ္ကအရယကေယခ္ကဟပဧံ္ရဟကWဧဢနယကဟ္ခ ေဤခပျ္ကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wေအရခိ္ဤဆက။

W

W)lanWFeJ WweNiyaD7(ေယဢကက ေဧခကကWW:tiedrC

W


W သပဢ္ံW    နယကေ္္ W၄ဘဤဟWW၂ယတနယကဧ္ရန အ္Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧခ Wဧေဟအရ္ယကေဘၐဢခW

W ္ယ ဢရဠ္က
W)၄၉၇ယကW၊WဧဟျW၂၅(ဧယနဧဟျယကW
                    ဆ
သပဢ္ံWေ္္ ေကန    နယကေ္္ ဟပဲရနကကအခWရအ ေရ္ကက ေဲခကကအန္ကဟပW W၄ဘဤဟWW၂ယတနယကပရနကကကံ္Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧခ Wဧေဟအရ္ယကWေဘၐဢခW
Wယကအျရဤအဟ္ခ ္W္္ေရကဲရန္ဆျဤဆက။၀အ္ကေယထယနကကWေယအရဆကေယခက၌Wပျ္ကပရနကကကံယခW၃၀ကကသခဢW၀ဤေသခယအW္ခ္္ေရက္ရနWပရန

ယရနထဧိ္ခ WW)tl t(tnryaWlepeDevkeyCW ayoWteiveiaCreyW ဠကဟပသာကပျကျကWဠကက ဤေသခယအဆပ္္္က္ရနWအဟယကဟချပရနကကကံအ္ခ W္နယကဤန
အဟယကဟခWမခယကW-အရေဢနရက္ဆျကရပ Wေ္္ ေကန္ရနWအ္ရနကကအရဆကယဠကWေ္္ခ္ကအလယကဟရေဲဟျWယတနယကအရဆကWဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကဤရနထWဤနဠကယယက            ခ ဟဆျကWယတနယက
ဤနခ ဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက WအဟယကဟခWပရနကကကံဲရနကကအခW ေကနဲရရန္ကဢရနကက ဧယန္ကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံသ္ကဟျWအကက ပျပ အဟနေရကပျံအယကWဧမရ္Wဧဤံန အရေ
WယကWသ ေအေအဟ္ကW္Wေအရခဤဆက။၀ဠကေအ ေ္ခကက္္က၀ယတနယကဤံတံန ၏W္ပ ရနခ ေအ ပျကျကW္အ ဤယက ေအခကက

မခယကေကနဲWရရန္ကဢရနကက W္ပဟံ္ရယက ဧယ္ကW ၀ကကယဆျWဤသခ၀ေ္္ ေကန္Wအဟယကဟခ၊Wယတနယက၊W္နရအပ ဠခ ယဆထWဧရပရာဠWေဢ ပရနကကကံရ္ "
ေရ ပရနကကအကကW္ပဟံ္ရယက ္ရနWဧအဟယကဲံန W ၀္ကWေရ ယခရ္။Wအကက ပျပ ေကနWဧအရဆျကဧအဟယကဟခအရဆကဧယန္ကWအကက ပျပ ေကနဧအလ
WဥနW၎္Wေအရခဤဆက။W"ဧေ္ခကကဧ                 ဆကေလခကပရနကကဟျခရ္

Wကကေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။၀အခ္ရနကကပပယက Wအျဠကဠခရ္W၃ဘဤဟWW၇ဧဲရနရ္္ပဟံ္ရယက ယနကကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဟျW

ရခိ္ခ အ္ကက ဟအျရေဤခကဢဆက Wဠကက မခယကေကနဲရရန္ကW သ ေအေအဟ္က္Wေ္္ ေကနပျကျကရယကဤ္ကဤဆျကWဧေဤ ္ရယကဧေိ္ခကက ဧအခဟ္ခ ္ရနဟအWေအ
Wဢရနကက ္ပဟံ္ရယက ဧအရကကWဧအ္ခ ္ဳဟ္ခ ဧယန္ကရ္Wဧဤံန အရေဤနခ ဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wေအရခဤဆက။

ကကေကနWလယကယပ ေရ ပရနကကဟဆကအလ္ကကရပ Wဠကက ရရန္ကဢရနကက ကရပ ္ပ ရ္္WယတနယကပရနကကကံWဠအယယကW ၀မခယကေကနဲ္ပဟံ္ရယက ဟျWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧယန္ကWပရနကကကံအ္ခ
W္နဟက ဧကကဢရနဧရက္္္က္ရနရ္Wအလဆျကဲဆက ေရ ပရနကကဟဆကအလ္ကဤဆက။ Wအရဆကယဠက၏

မခယကေကနဲ္ရနWဠအယယကWအရဆကယဠကအဆဲW္္ကဟပဢနရကကယက ဧအရကကWေဘဤယနကက Wဢရနဧရက္္္ကဧယန္ကရ္W ၀အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဟျWဤသခ"
WဥနWသ ေအေအဟ္က္Wေအရခဤဆက။"ဧဤံန အရေဤနခ ဟျခရ္။W္ပဟံ္ရယက ေဧခကကအဟကကအကကWပျ္ကသ ပျ္ကလ္ကဧယန္ကWဧဟ္ခ ံ္ပ Wဧ္္ေရ အျရရ္ယဠက
ေဢခ္ကဧယနကက ဟျခWဧဟ္ခ ံ္ပ Wလနံဲကလရေ ယရန ယ္ကဢခ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။W္ရနဠျကပရနကကကံWယရန ယ္ကကရပ Wဧရဟကယပ ္္ကက ပရနကကကံW W၃၀ယတနယကအရဆက္Wပျ္ကW"
ဥနW၎္W"္ရနဢဆက Wယရန ယ္ကေ္္္ကကရ္ယဠက။Wဧ               အ ဤအလကျကWဟရယကေဥခကက ေဲနေဥခကက Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံ္ရနWရရနဟရနယရန Wယ္ကေ္္္ကကရ္ယဠက
ပရနကကကံ၏Wလနံဲကလရေ ယရန ယ္ကဟပဟ္ခ ဧခ Wအယက္နယက၊Wဟပနေဢ ပျကျကWေယအရဆကေယခကယရနထဧယနကက Wဧ     ကကဧအျခ W ဢခဟဆျကပျ္ကဟ္ခ Wဧယနကက Wအဟယကဟခ
Wေယနဲအဟကကအဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wေအရခိ္ခ ဤဆက။

ဢခဟဆျကပျ္ကဟ္ခ ဧယနကက Wယတနယကပရနကကကံ၏Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧယနကက Wအကက ပျပ အဟနေရကပျံဟပဟျခWဟ္ခ ဢခအခWဠကက ဧေအ္ဧေယဟျခWယတနယကပျကျကWအဟယကဟခW
္ယယခအျရအျရWရအ ေရ္ကက ေဲခကကအန္ကဤဆျကW္ဳ္ရနWေလခကအရေယေိ္ခကက ၊Wဧဤ္ကWေရၐေရ္္ကဢခေဤခW ဧအရယကဧဢျယကWေ
ဠကဠအဤအဟ္ခ အရခ အ္ကက ဟျခWလနံဲကလရေ ဟပ၏ဢ္ၒာခယ္က္နအလ္ကေိ္ခကက ၊WအဟယကဟခWပရနကကကံဲရနကကအခW ၀အယက္နယကကဟရေဲဧယနကက အျရW္အရ္Wဟခ ္္ကဟ္ခ ပျကျကW
Wဟက ေအဟခ္ကေိ္ခကက W၎္Wေအရခဤဆက။၀္ကWယတနယကဤံတံန ဧေယအလကျကWဧေအ္ဧေယေ္ခကက ဟ္ခ ္ရနWအဟကကေယနဲအဤဆျကဧယန

အဟယကဟခပျကျကWယတနယကဧိ္ခ Wေ္္ ေကနပျကျကရယကဤ္က၍Wရ         ဟဧဲကျကဧေယအလကျကWဤေသခယအW္ခ္္ေရကW္္ေရကဲရနကရပ ေယခ္ကWပျ္ကပရနကကကံW
Wသာကဧ္္ကက W္္ကက Wဲ္ကဤနဠကဢနရကေဲခကကဤနခ ဟဆကအလ္ကWေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။

ရကဲရနိ္ယျဆဧအရကကWဤံတံန ဧေယယဆထဢဆက Wယတနယကပရနကကကံ္W္နဟကာပေယနW အဟယကဟခWဧ္ရန အ္္ကက Wရအ ေရ္ကက ေဲခကကအန္ကကရပ W္ခ္္ေရက္္ေ-ယတနယက"
WဥနWသ ေအေအဟ္က္Wေအရခဤဆက။"ဢခေအခ္ကWအကက ပျပ အဟနေရကပျံလရနထWယရန္ကယနယက ေဢျအျရရ္ယဠက

္ပ ရနခ ေအ ရဆခအျကကယ္ကသ အလ္ကဤအWေဘ္္ကယခWေဟခကကေဧခကက္Wေ္္ ေကနဧခ Wဧေအ္္ံWဧေဲခ္ကဧဧံနWေအအျဆကWလနံဲကလရေ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ W
္က္နခဧဤံန အရေဤနခ ဟဆကဲရနဢျ္ကကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧယန္ကWဢနယက္နခဧ္္ေရ အျရဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက ၊WအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧေယအလကျကW ဧယန္ကW        ရေအခ
ကကအအျရကရပ Wေ   ခ္ကရံျေိ္ ဟ္ခ ယနကကWယအ္ခ ေဤခပရနကကကံဟ္ခ ပျကျကဠျကကဢျ္ကကWဧခ ယဆက ဤဆျကဧေအ္ဧေယပျကျကW ၀လနံဲကလရေ ေအ Wဧယန္ကWယအခ
Wဲ္က္ရကေအရခWိ္ခ ဤဆက။
ဥနWေဘ္္ကယခW"ဲကလရေ ယရန ယ္ကလရနထဧယန္ကWဧ္္ေရ အျရအျရWဧဤံန အရေဟဠကဲရနအကကWဧအဟက ဧ္္ေရ အျရရ္ယဠက ဧေအ္္ံဧေဲခ္ကဧဧံနWလနံ"
ေဟခကကေဧခကက္Wဢ္ကအျရယနကကWယတနယကပရနကကကံဤဆကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံ၏Wဧမရ္ဢ္ကယနဆေလခကဧအလ္ကအျရေယဤဆျကWဧေယဧ                       ခ ္ရနWဤံန ဤရကW
Wေအရခိ္ခ ဤဆက။

ကနဲW္နဝေရဤယက ေရ္ကက Wယ္ကသပဢ္ံေ္္ခက္ရနWဟနယသဟေ္နဲအျရW မခယကေW၀အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဤဆကWဢ္ကအျရဧ္္ရယကယနကကWယ္ကအ္ကဢျ္ကကWဤသခ
Wမခယကေကနဲ္ပဟံ္ရယက ပျ္က္နဟျW    နယကဢ္္ကအျရဤဆက။ ၀္ဟက ဢနယကWဤသခ

Wကက၀မခယကေကနဲဧဟ္ခ ဲံန          နယကဢနရကပရနကကဤဆျကWပရနကကကံဟ္ခ ယနကကWယ္က္နဧရ္ဧ ၀ရ္ရလရယကေဘဤဧယနကက Wဤသခ-အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဤဆကဧခအျ
Wကကကံေအဟခ္ကWဧဟ္ခ ဲံန ယကကရရနထဤဆျကWပရနကကကံအလ္ကဤဆက။ ပရနW၁၁အလ္ကကရပ Wယ္က္ဟငခဢံန Wဧယရနကက ဧယခဧေယအလကျကW

္နပျ္က္ယဆက ္W္ယကကဢဆကရယက္ဆျဤဆျကWရပယပယပဧပ ရပW             ရနကက ္နဟကာပ္WအယယခပျကျကWအဆယံ္နယကယရနထဟျW W၁၉၉၈အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံယနကကW
Wဠကဠအဢ္္ကအျရဤဆက။၀ယ္ကအ္ကဢျ္ကကW္နဝေရWယ္ကသပဢ္ံေ္္ခက္ယကထW

WယနကကW္ယကကဟဆျကWေအေပျကျကW၂၀၁၃ကကေကနအအျရဢ္္ကအျရကရပ W၀္က္ကကWေဘၐဢခWပျ္ကWသပဢ္ံေ္္ခကWမခယကေကနဲ္ရနW       ရနကက ပရနကကကံဤရနထWယကကရရနထဟပဟျWပျ၀ဤသခ
Wသပဢ္ံ္ယကထWအျရပရနကကဤဆက။W၅၊ဘဤဟ၊၁မခယကေကနဲW္ပဟံ္ရယက ကရပ ္ပ ရ္္Wမခယကေကနဲ     နယကဢေယကဟအဟျခWယ္ကေယထW္နဝေရW ၀ေုခယရ္Wဤသခ

W


W ဠအယယကWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ   ခ ဢဟက Wေလခ္ကဟဆက- အယက္နယက
W
္အပဢW၌W၀္နWုယကယW၂၀၁၁ဲပျကကျWယတနယကပရနကကကံWဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကဤရနထWဲ္ကဤနဠကဟဆကျWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ          ခ ဢဟက ္ရနW အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံWအယက္နယကကဟရေ
Wယကံ္ပ ယခယဟျWဧဲကကျအဟကကျဧအခအျရယကပ ္Wေအရခဲရနဤဆက။ ၀္ယကကWေလခ္ကဢနရကဟဆကဥနWေယအရဆကေယခကအျရWအဟယကဟချWဟပ အ                     ခW




W

W)ေိ္ ဟံ-မခယကရံန(ေယနWထအ္ကကWယတနယကပရနကကကံဟျW္္္ကိ္ဆကေအ ဢ္ကေဲခကကWအ
        န                                                                        ခ ယနဟ္ခ ေယအရဆကေယခကယနကက
                                                                                     ဆ

ေဟခကက ပျကကပရနကကWဟဆကWWပပယက အလကကျW၂၀၀ယခအပWဢျ္ကကW္ပဢရနဟပယခWW၁အျရWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ    ခ ဢဟက ဤဆကWW၁၉၂၀ဧဲရနရ္W္ပဢရနဟပယခWဧအျဆကW
Wအလ္ကဤဆကဥနWဤရအဤဆက။
W
ပရနကကကံWဧေယခ္ကWရရနကက Wယတနယကပရနကကကံ၏WဧေအျဲေယခကကWဧခအျWပရနကကကံဟ္ခ ပျကကျWဲ္ကဤနဠကဤဆကျWဧအဟယကအ             ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက ယနကကWယတနယက
WကကWအလ္က၀ေဘဤWဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကကဟရေဲေယခကW္အဟကက ပျကကျWအယက္နယကကဟရေဲဤရနထWေလခ္ကဢနရကဟဆကျWဠ္နWဢဟက ရရနကက ဤဆကWယ္နWဧရ္ဧ
Wအ္ကေယထ     နယကWအဟယကဟချဧဢကက Wဤယကက ္ခ၌Wေလခကအရ       ခ ဤဆက။ W၂၆ကကသခဢW၀ေိ္ခကက Wပရန
W
္ကဧရံေရ ပရနကကဟဆကျWဧဲရနရ္Wဧအဟယကအ      ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက WယနကကW ယတနယကပရနကကကံ၏WအဟယကဟခအရဆကပျကကျW္နယကဤနဠကဟပ္ရနWဧေ္ခကက ဲံန Wဧေ           ခ
ကကေဤခေိ္ခကကျWအရဆကယနကက W္နဟကာပယ္္ရေဲ္ရနဢဆက Wဢဟက ရရနကက ယဆကေဲခ္က္နကကျWေရ ဤနခ ဟဆကWအလ္ကကရပ Wဠ္နW ၀ဢဟက ရရနကက ဟ္ခ ္နခWရ္
ဟပ အ   ခ WWWကကဤဆကျ၀ကကWရ္ဧ္္ရယကယနကကWေလခ္ကဢနရကဤနခ ဟဆကျWအ      ခ ဢဟက ေိ္ခကက ္နရWေအ ဲနဆကရပ ဤနခ ကရပဥနWဧဲရနရ္Wဧ        အ ္ပဟံ္ရယက ယန
Wယကံ္ပ ယခယဟျWဧကက ္ကကယပဠခWယကပ ္ဢဆက Wေအရခဤဆက။ ၀
W
ကရပ ္ဆျယဆျWေဧခ္ကယရနသခဢW္W္အဟကက Wဟပ အ       ခ ဧနရက္္ေရကေအ Wဧလနထဆေယန္Wဟပ အ     ခ ယနဆေယန္ရနW္္္ကိ္ဆကေအ WဧေယယဆထW “
    ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက WဤအယရနထWေဲခ္ကဟဠကျWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျအWWဢ္ကေဲခကကေရ ကရပ WေယအရဆကေယခကWသအယခံ္ပ ္ရနဢဆက Wိ္ဆျကဤနခ ယဠက။
WဥနW၎္Wဲရနဤဆက။”ဧယန္ကWေယအခဧေယဧ                  ခ WဢခေဢျဢခယဆျWဧကက ္ကကယပဠခWဧလနထဢဆက Wရ္ယဠက
                                                                             ဆ
W
္္ကဧ္ရန အဤဆကWယတနယကပရနကကကံဟျWဟပ အ    ခ ယနဟ္ခ Wဢ္ကေဲခကကေရ ဧရကအ္ကက Wဧ္ဟက ဧယခ ္ရနWဤယကက ္ခဟ္ခ ယနကကWေလခကအရ
                                        ဆ                                                                               ခW
Wရယကဤ္က၍Wေလခကအရဤဆက္ရနWဟေယနဲအျရအေရ။Wေဤခကဢဆက Wဧဤ္ကWေလခ္ကဢနရကဟဆကျWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ                 ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက ပျကျက
W
ပရနကကကံWW၂ယတနယကပရနကကကံW္WဧေအျဲေယခကကWဧခအျပရနကကကံေယနယဆထWဲ္ကဤနဠကကရပ W္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဧအWလနံထကလရေ လရနထWဢနရကယဆျ္ရ္ေဟျခWအဟယကဟခအရဆက္W “
W   ဆ္ရနအ   ခ ဢဟက Wေလခ္ကလရနထWဤေသခယအဢရန္ကယခ။W္ပ ရနခ ဧအဟကကဧအWယတနယက္Wိ္ဆျကကရပ Wသဠကပရနကကကံေယန္ေယWက္ယရနထWပရနကကကံ
ဧ္္ရယက္နယကဤ္ကဤခကရပ Wရရနထ္နယကေယနေအခ္ကဢခဟဢဆWအဆကအနဠက္္္ကယဆထဢနရကေယယခ။WယတနယကပရနကကကံယဆထWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံWရအ ေရ္ကက ဢနရကယဆျW
WဥနW္ပ ရနခ ေအ WရဆခအျကကWယကပ ္ ”္ရ္ေယရနကက ဟျခWရ္ဤနခ ယခWဧ္နယကဢံန ္Wအဟယကဟခအရဆက္Wဧလရန ယယကW             နယက္နယကေယနW္္ဆက ရဆ
WေအရခWဤဆက။
W
W္ဢက္နဟကာပဟျWဢနရက္ရနကက္နကကျအအျရေယဤဆကဥနWဤရအဤဆက။ ၀အ       ခ ဢဟက ရရနကက ္ရနWအရဆကယနကက Wေဧ အျခ ေ ေယအရဆကေယခကWဧအဟယက-အယက္နယက
W
ဝပဠ္ကယဟကယရနထWေလခ္ကဢနရကWဤနခ W W-ဢခဧရန၊W္အဟကက -္ေဟငခဘပ ဠခ ၊W္အဟကက W-အယက္နယက၊W္အဟကက -ဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကW္အဟကက ကဟရေဲဟျW္အဟကက
                         န
ထဟျယက   ခ ေိ္ခကက Wယတနယကဟပ အ   ခW   ရရကယယက ဧယရနကကရကက္ံWယကပ Wအလ္ကဤအW အရဆကျပျ္ကWဧေ္ခရရနကက ယနကကWကရပ ္ပ အယကW္ယကW၂၀၂၀ဟဆကအလ္ကကရပ W
W္W္္ေရကက ယခ Wေဘ ဢပ Wဤယကက ယနကကWေအရခဲရန    ခ ဤဆက။ ayWEey nNW
W
W၉၀၀ဢေ္္ခကWဧယနကက W္နယကဤနဠကဟပWဧေဟအရ္ယကWေဘၐဢခWဤယက W W၈အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံပျကကျW္နယကဤနဠကဟပယနကကWဢ္ကအျရWWWယတနယကပရနကကကံဤဆက
ယကံ္ပ ယခယဟျW   နယကအရယကေဤခW္ခအကက ုဠခ ဧအWေလခကအရ       ခ ေိ္ခကက Wဠ္နW ၀ဠကေအ ၀ကကျW္အ ဤယက ေအခကက ေ္္ခကအျရWေိ္ခကက W္ပ ရနခ ေအ ပျ
W ္ခယဠကယနကကWေလခကအရ   ခ ဤဆက။lanWW7ယရယကWအရဆကယနကက           နယကW
W
ေ္္ခကWW၇၀၀ေ္္ခကWယကကရရနထ   ခ ကရပ WယတနယကအရဆကဟျWဧေဟအရ္ယကWေဘၐဢခWဤယက W WW၁၉၀အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံ္Wဧေဟအရ္ယကေဘၐဢခWဤယက W
Wရ္အျရဤဆက။WအရယကဢဆကWယကကဤနကက ေယဥန
W
ကကေကနဟ္ခ W၀ကကသခWဢW္Wေအခကက ္္္ဆျအဤဆကျWေ္္ခ္ကဟ္္ကအယယခရနေယခကဟျWအအျရဤဆကျW ၀ဧဲရနရ္Wရဟခာ
                                                     ဆ                                               ဆယနကကWကရပ ္ဆျဤဆကျWပရန
Wဟရ္အျရေဤ ေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။

W
W
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W
Wယက   ဟက သ ေအအရုဠခ ၀ယကံ္ပ Wယခယဟ္ခ အျရWဧဟ္ေရ ဤဟပ W၀ဧ္ရန အ
Wယက   ဟက ဧခ ဢနံ ၏အခ္ရနကကပပယက ၀WWWWယက   ဟက ၀ဆေယကဟျယ ဧဲကျကWဧဟ္ေရ ဤဟပ WWWWယက   ဟက ၀ဧဟ္ေရ ဤဟပ WWWWWWယက   ဟက ၀္န္နေရ္ကက WWWWWWသဳခေအ ပျ္က
Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၈ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၃၉၇WWWW၄၄၀၇၂၁WWWW၈၅၆၇၅၃WWWWWW၂၀၀၉-၂၀၀၈
Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၈ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၄၀၃WWWW၄၃၄၀၁၆WWWW၈၆၁၈၆၈WWWWWWWW၂၀၀၈-၂၀၀၇
Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၇ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၂၉၉WWWW၄၁၅၉၆၅WWWW၈၃၇၄၂၉WWWWWWW၂၀၀၇-၂၀၀၆
Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၈ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၄၀၉WWWW၄၂၆၆၂၆WWWW၈၅၉၈၀၃WWWWWWWWW၂၀၀၆-၂၀၀၅
Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၂ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၁၉၁၅WWWW၄၁၅၃၂၄WWWW၈၈၅၉၈၈WWWWWWW၂၀၀၅-၂၀၀၄
WW

W သဠကဤအWလ္္ကလ္္ကWယရနထဟရ္္က
                                                                      NLD
ဆပဢခ္ံံ္ပ W္္ကက ရဟဠကWဲရနယဆျW္္ခ ရ္သဆ။WWကပ ယကကကပ ၊Wကပ ဣကကယကကယရနထWတအ ေိ္ခကကေိ္ခကကWပနရကကဢရန္ကရံနW္ေယချWဘနယရဠWဧံ္ရဟကWရကကဢံနW"
    ...W"Wဟအျ္ကWဟေိ္ခ္က၊WဟဲပဟဲရနကကWေအရခဢနရ္ကယဆျW္္ခ ၊WဧံျိဤW္အခဢဆက Wေ္ခကက ရ္ယဠက

W
W
္ဆက ဢံန Wဆပဒယက္ဆျယဆျWဆပဢခ္ံံ္ပ Wအလ္ကရ္ယဠက။WဘပေယထWဘပဧ္္ရယကဟျခW W.……ယဠက္္ဆဲေယနWဧံျိဤWဤနခ ေဢခ္ကေဧခကကWယရနကက အကက ဤခ W
            န
ဧဢဠကဟျခWဢနယကဢရကယဆျWပနရကကကံWဧအလ္ကWအရကယဆကWေယယဠက။W္ရနဠကျိ္ဟ္ခW္ရနဠကလယကယပ WပရနကကယဆျW Wချ႓ ဟခWပနရကကကံံ္ပ ဥခW္ဟ
                                                                                     အဟယက
ဧေယဧ        ခ Wအလ္ကယဠက။Wသဠကေ္ယကW္ဟျWဢရန္ကဟဟပေဧခကကWယဆကကကရဟကWေဧ ္္ဟက ေယယဠက။WပနရကကကံေယခကအဆဲW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ၊Wဢအဟပေအ W
ယယဆထဢဆက W္ဆက ္ဟက Wအရဆကျဣကရပ Wဧေအ္ဧေယWေယနဢဆက Wဧယရနကက ဧယခWယ္က္နဧ                ရWယရန ယ္ကအဟကကျဟခ Wေယယဠက။Wပနရကကကံေအ Wဧေ
ေ္ယကဟပလနံဲကလရေ Wယရန ယ္ကယဆျWဘပဟနရ္ေအ္ပWပရနကကကံေယခကံ္ပ အဆဲWဧ္ရ္ေရ Wေအန ေ္ခ္ကရနံဆ ္ပ W္္ကက ရေယချဟဠက။WဧဆဘပWဧေအ္ဧေယဟ္ေရ ဟျခW
Wအရဆကရဧခ ္ရန Wရနဲရယကတရန ေယန္WဟယခဢရနWဣယကယရနအလ္က၊Wဲအခံ္ပ WဟဢနရကအဢရနထWရယကဟံ္ပ W      နရ ေလခ္က္္ကကယဆျWဢအယ္က္န္Wဧဟ္ေရ ဟ္ေရ
Wလ္္ကဢရနWလ္္ကဲပ Wဢနရကေယိ္ယခWအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wအရဆကဤအဧခ ဢံန W္ဢဆက WဤေသခWေရ္္ကိ္ရ္ယဠက။
W
ဘနယရဠWဧံ္ရဟကWရကကဢံနWဆပဢခ္ံံ္ပ ္ရနW္္ကက ရဟဠကဢရနထWေအရခဢရနထေအရခ၊Wေအန ေ္ခ္ကရနဆ္ရနWဤရရယကေဟျခ္ကဢရနထWေိ္ဆခ္္္ကေယနW
ရဠကဟဆWအလ္ကေဧခကကWဢနရကိ္လရနထWေဲခကိဤW္ဆက တံန Wေယိ္ယခW W      နယကအရယကဢရနထW   နယကအရယက၊WယဠကေယနWဲကက ကရပ Wဟဆဟေရ ိ္လရနထ၊Wဟဆေရ အကကဢဆက
ေယနဲအရ္ယဠက။Wဘပဢနရကအရကေယန္ရနWဤအယရနထWဧခ ္ရန ေယိ္ယဆျWအရဆကရWဟပဘပဠခWဧဤံဢေကကျယခယေယနW္ဢဆက Wဧခ ေရ Wဧခ ေအဟနခ္ကW
ယန္ဢဆက Wအရေေယိ္ယဠက။WအဟယကဟခWပနရကကကံ္ရနWေ္ယကဤ္ကW္ရနဢရနယပWအရေဢနရိ္ယဆျWဤအယရနထWဲအခံ္ပ ေယနအလ္ကယဆျWဧေယခ္ကဧနရက္နWပနရကကကံေ
ဣရနကက ဣယက ရံျရရန Wေရ ေယိ္ယဠကေဢ။WဘပေယချWဤ္ကကဧခ အWဢနရကေယိ္ယဠကေရ္ျ။Wသခရဆအလ္ကအလ္ကWအရဆကဤအWယ္ကအရကဢံန ္Wဢရနဢခ ယဆျW
ဘပဟရန္ေအ္ပWဢဟက ေိ္ခကက Wအလ္ကယဆျWေအန ေ္ခ္ကရနWံ္ပ ္ေယချWေဧခကကေဧခကကWအဟကကအဟကကယဆထWကရပ ္ပ ဤနခ ဟျခWအလ္ကကရပ W္ဆက ္ဟက အရဆကျဣကရပ W
                                          ဆ
ယ္ကယဆျWဘပဟရန္ေအ္ပWပနရကကကံေယခကံ္ပ Wအလ္ကေရၐေအ ္ရနWဧ္ရ္ေရ WပနရကကေယချဟျခWေအဟံ္ပ Wဢ္က္ယကWဟဢဆနရ္ေိ္ခကက W ေ္ယကဟပလနံဲကလရေ Wယရန
Wဤရ    ခ Wေ္္္ကကရ္ယဠကW္ကကဝ္ခ။
W
Wဟ္ေရ ္္္ကေဟခကက

W ဝဟခဢခ ၊Wအဟယကဟခဢခ
္နဆအရခ WWေယထ္ကကေအရခဲရနWဤံန ပပယက ေယယဆျW္္ခ ဢံန ေယန   ဆဟျခWဧယ္ကဧမရရကခဠကWဟ        ကကအျခ ယခ၊Wဧဤရအ္္က္ဆWယ္ကယဆယခေယန၊Wဣရဣ္ဘ
ဧအကကက ရနခ ္အခေယနWဧဟ္ခ ဧအရခ အျရိ္ယဆျဧယ္ကWဧဢနယကဧေအ ံ္ပ ယဆျWဧဢနယကဧေအ ံ္ပ ယဆျWဧအကကက ရနခ ္အခW
W္္ခ ဢံန ယဢံန ဧေိ္ခကက ္ရနWဘပ္ေယထWေအရခိ္အေဧခကကရ္။
W
Wရ    ဟဲံန ေယချWဤဟရနကက ဣကကWေယ ဤပ္္ကက ယရနဘက္ရနWယခ ဲကကိ္ဆကျိ္ရ္္ရနထ။ W…္ဆW
W
ဝဟခ     ကကအျခ WW×××္ဟငခယ္နကကဟျခအလကကျWW×××ဟ္ေရ တရန ပနဠကဤခWW×××Wအခုဣကကယကက          ခ W×××သဠကဟေအရ္အခWW×××ေယခကကကဘ္ယက W
W××W၂)က္ယရနထWဝဟခW-ဘရနထဝဟခW(W×××Wဟဥနယကေဢေဢျဤဢခ W×××ဘရနထဝဟခWW-ဆျံိ္ေယချဟျခဢခ WဘရနထဝဝခWW×××ဘရနထေ္ယကယနကကဟျWW×××
W၂W)က္ယရနထဝဟခW-ဘ္W(
W
ဟရနကက ဣကကWဧဟ္ေရ ဤခ ေအ WဢပံထေဲခကWေယ ဤပ္္ကက ံ္ပ ရ္။W ယဠက္္ဆဲေယခကဢျယကေအ ္ရနWေအျဲယယက ္Wကပ ေဲခကက္ဆျယဆျWဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန အဆဲWဤ
ဘပဤပ္္ကက ဟျခWဲရနဤနခ ယဆျWဘရနထဝဟခWဲရနယခဥခWအရဆကဟWေအဟအရယကထေဘဤဟျခWေယ        ရနကကယဆျWဧဟ္ခ ္နWဢအဟ္ေရ ယဟ္ေရ ယဆက ္ရနWေအရခယခဢခ ။W
ယ     ရနကကိ္ယျဆWဘ္ဟျဟဥနယကWအျဟက ၊W္္္ကက၊W္အကက၊W္ဠခ ၊Wဟနယက၊Wအ္ရနကက၊W္္ကက Wဧရ္ဧဣကကWပရနကကကံယ္နဢံန Wဧယနကက ဟျခWဟျပယကက ေ
Wဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန ္ရနWဲရနဢရနယခရ္ဢခ ။WေဤခယအျကကယရနထWသဠကဢရန          ကကရ္ဤဢဆ။
W
W-ဘ္W(W××W၂)က္ယရနထWဝဟခW-ဘရနထဝဟခW(W×××ဟဥနယကေဢေဢျဤဢခ WW×××ဘရနထဝဟခWW-ဆျံိ္ေယချဟျခဢခ WဘရနထဝဝခWW×××ဘရနထေ္ယကယနကကဟျW
W၂W)က္ယရနထဝဟခ
W
ဘရနထဝဟခWဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ဢရနထWေ္ၐဤဢဆ္ရနWW္ဆက ဧတံန WဢရနထWဟေ္ၐသဆWသခေိ္ခကကျဟျခWဘရနထအဟယကဟခWဧW၂၁၅ဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ဤဟရနကက W္ခဟ္္ကပျခW
အျကက ဢကက Wလနကကျဲရန   ခ ရ္ယဠက။WအဟယကဟခWဲရနယခဥခWအရဆကဟWေအဟအရယကထေဘဤဟျခWေယ          ရနကကယဆျဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနဤခေ္ၐယခWအလ္ကယဠက။W
အဟယကဟခရေဘဤအခုကေယနWေရ         ခ ယဆျယခဟဆကWအလ္ကယဠက။Wဢအဟ္ေရ ံ္ပ ဣ္ဘဤေသခWရ္ဣကကယဠက။Wဘ္ျေိ္ခကကျWဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန ၊W
ကကယဆျWပရနကကကံ္ရနWအဟယကဟခယဟ္ေရ ယဆက ဧရရနကကဧအလ္ကWဤံန ပပယက ယခဥခWဟဟျယက္ယကသအ ။Wဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန W ယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဧခ ဢံန Wရ္ဣ
Wဧ္္ေံ ဣကကယဆျပရနကကကံ္ရနWဝဟခပရနကကကံWဢရနထေ္ၐဟျဤခWဆပဆနယကဟျယက္ယကဟဠကဢရနထWဧယရဧဢကက Wလနကကျဲရန   ခ ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။
W
W…Wပရန အဆဲWဧအဟကက္ေယချဘပေယချWရဆခအျကကေယန္ေအခWသဠကဢရနအဟကကရ္ဤဢဆ။WသခဤခေဝဘရဆခအျကကWဲအခWေဟခကကဤခ W...္ဆW
W
ဝဟခ္Wဟအဢဝ္၊Wအဝဥ္ခW္Wဢခယခ္ရန ။Wဝ           ္က္္ေရ္ကWဥအ္ကWဥWဟWဲကကျ၊Wအဝဥ္ခW္Wဢခယခ္ရန ။Wအဝဥ္ခW္ေယကရပ ေယချWဝဟခW “
အလ္ကဤနခ ယခ။Wဧဆဘ္္ရနဟျ   ရကကရပ ေယချWဝဟခW္ရနWဝ   ္က္္ေရ္ကယဆထWဟWယဆထWေအရခကက ကရပ ေယချWအဟယကဟခWအလ္ကဤနခ ယခ။WဧဆေယချWအဟယကဟခ္Wဘနယရဠ၊W
ဧမရ္Wရကကဟအလ္ကယဠက။Wဧဆဢရနဠအဲရ္ယဠက၊WရဆခအျရေယနWဠအဲိ္ယဠက။Wေယခ္ကယ္္WဧဆဘပWဝဟခယဆထWအဟယကဟခW Wအဝဥ္ခWဲရနယဆျWဝဟခ္
ဟျခ္Wဧ ္ဢရရကေ္ယက္Wဣံဤခပနေ္ယက္Wဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ေ္ယက္Wဤအယရနထ္Wဝ                  ္က္္ေရ္ကWဟWေအ ္္Wဟခ္ရနW္္ကက ေ္ခ၊W
WW္္္ကကေ္ခ၊W္အကကေ္ခ၊Wအဟယကဟခေ္ခWဧခ ဢံန ဧယန္ကWဤယကဟျယကယဠက။
W
္္ေယခကယရနထ၊W္ကကဝ္ခ ယရနထေရ္ျေဢWဧယန္ကရဆWဤယကဟျယကယဠက။WဧဆဘပဢရနWဧဠအဧဲအျရယဠကဢရနထW္္ေယခကျ္ရနW Wအဟယကဟခ္ရနေယချWအဟယကဟခဢအဟ္ေရ
ယေဢခဲပ္Wေဤဲံန ဤနခ ယဆျWဤ္ကကW္ကကဆနယကထ္Wေအယံေ္္ခကက Wဤ္ကကW္ကကဆနယကထ္Wေအရခလအ ယဠကဝ္။Wဧ္နWေအရခကက အရယကအလ္ကေယကရပယဆျW
ဢ ္ရနWေ္ၐယခဢရနထWအလ္ကေယယဠက။Wဘ္ဥခWက္ယနရထW အဟယကဟခ္W္္္ကကေအခ၊W္အကကေအခ၊Wအျဟက ေ္ခ္ရနWေ္ၐယခ။Wဝဟခ္ဟျWဘပဢအဟ္ေရ ေ
ဣံဤခပနေ္ယက္ဥခယဆထWေအရခကက အရယကဢရနထWဤ္ကကW္ကကဆနယကထ္Wေအရခယဠကဝ္။Wဘပေ္ယက္္ဟျWသဠကဢရနဢနရကကရပ ေယချWေအရခကက အရယကအလ္ကဤနခ ဤဢဆW
W”ဟဤရသအ
W
။Wဘ္ေယန္ရနWေအရခကက အရယကဢျယကရ္ကဤအဧအလ္ကWဧဟ္ခ ယခ ဢဆက          ခ ိ္ယခ္ေယချWဤနခ ေဢဤအWဝရနဢက္္ေရကေယဣကက Wအလ္ကရ္ယဠက
ဝရနဢက္္ေရကေယဣကက အဆဲWဝဟခ္ခWဝဟခ္္ခ ဟျခWဣကကေအခ္က္န္ကလ္ကWရ္ဣကကဟပေယနဧယ္က္Wယ္နWအလ္ကရ္ယဠက။Wဝရနဢက္္ေရကေယဣကက အဆဲWဘပဧေဟန္ရနW
W္နပျ္ကဟျခWဧဤံန အရေ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။W၁၉၈၉ဤအထအဆဲဢ္ကအကက ယရဆကျဢရနထWေအရခဲရနေဢျအျရိ္ယဆျWဝရနဢက္္ေရက္ကကဆနယကထ္Wပရနကကကံေအ Wအဆကအနဠက္္္ကယဆထW
W
ဧခ ဢံန Wဧရ္ဧဣကကအလ္ကယဆျပရနကကကံ္ရနWအဟယကဟခဢရနထWဤံန အဟဠက၊Wအရဆကဟ္Wဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနWဝဟခဢရနထWဤံန အဟဠကဲရနကရပ ေယချW ယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဢအဟ္ေရ
ဧမရရကခဠကေအရခကက အရယကWဤယကဟျယကကရပ ေယချWဤံန ္နဆလရနထWဧဟရယကထ   နယကအရယက္ဆျယခWအလ္ကရ္ယဠက။Wဝဟခပရနကကကံဢံန ဲရနကကအခW
လနဆထဧအလ္ကWေဤ ဤရဟကေဧခကကဢနရကကရပ Wေ္္ခကက ဤခ ေယန္ရနဢဆက W ေ္္ခကကဤခ ဤဟ ၓဟ္ခ ဧလနထ္္ေရက္ရနWဢအဟ္ေရ ္နWယ္နယဆက အဆဲဧ
                                                                          ဆ
Wဤေသခ       ခ ္နဢနဆဟပအလ္ကေဧခကကWေဤန ္နဆ္ဆျယဆျဢနရကအရကဧအလ္ကWဧဆဘပဧ္္ရယက္Wဢအဤရဟ္ခ ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။
                ဆ
W
္္ေယခက္ေယချWဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ္ရနWေ         ခ္က္ံယဠက၊W္ခေရေအ ဧအေယချWေ             ခ္က္ံယဠကဝ္ခ၊Wသခေိ္ခကကျဢဆဲရနေယချW “
္္ေရ္ကWဟခW္Wအဝဥ္ခW္Wဢခယခ။Wအဝဥ္ခWဲရနယခ္Wရ္ဦရေရ္ျဝ္ခ။Wဧရပာရဠဟျခဢဆက W္န                ္က   ရရဆW ္နယေအရခဤဢရနရဆWဝဟခဲရနယဆျWဝ    ္က
အဟယကဟခ္ရနWအဝဟ္ခWေ္ၐိ္ယခရဆ။Wဝဟခ္ခ္ရနWသခအဟပWဢရနထေ္ၐယဠက။Wအဟယကဟခ္္ခ ဲရနအကကWသခအဟပသခဤခWဢရနထWေ္ၐယဠကဝ္။WဝဟခW
ဣကကWအယက္နယက၊Wဟပသေဢ ္Wဢအယ္န္ရနW ္ဤခဢျ္ကကWယအရဆကဢံန ္ရနWအ္ံေယဆျဧအဟကကWအလ္ကယဠက။Wအဟယကဟခ္W္ကကဝ္ခ ယရနထ၊W္္ေယခကယရနထWဧရ္ဧ
W”ေ္ၐယခ။Wအျဟက ၊W္္္ကကWဟရ္သအ
W
ဲအခWကပ ေ္ခ      နယက ္ေယချW    ရနကက ကံဟျခဢဆက Wဝဟခဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနWလဟခWဢရနထW Wဧပဢနပပနရေ္ကWယ္ၑဤရနဢက္Wဧကကရဟက ္ခ Wအဟယကဟခ္ခWရ္ေဟခ္ၒ
W...Wေ္ၐယခ္ရနဢဆက W္ကက ္ခ ္အခဧအလ္ကWေ       ခ္ကအရရ္ယဠက။Wဘ္ျဧအရကက
W
္္ေယချWရ္ဦရဧသရမခယက      ဆဟျခဲရနအကကWအဟယကဟခအရဆကဲရနယခ္ရနWအဝဥ္ခWေဘဤWဲရနကရပ ေယချWအဝဥ္ခW အဟယကဟခအရဆက္ရနရဆWရ္ဦရအျရယဆျဧ္္ “
ဲရနကရပ ေယချWအရယခအျရယဠက။Wေယခ္ကWဲအခေယခကံ္ပ ေယန္Wအဝဥ္ခWဢရနထWေအ ိ္ယခေယနWအျရယဠက။Wဧဆဘပ္ေယကရပ ေယချW
W”ဧဤံေအရခကက ကရပ ေယချWဝဟခWဢရနထWအလ္ကဟဠကဲရနဢဆက ရဆWအလ္က္နကကျေယချWအျရယခရဆ
W
ဟအရယကထေယဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနWအဟယကဟခWဧအလ္ကWေ္္ခ္က္ခေအ     နကက ္ဆျယဆျWဧေ   ခ္ကဧ    ခ ေယနWေယနထ္ဆျအယခ္ရနဢဆက WဲအခW ရန ံေ္ယကဟျခေယချWေအ
Wကပ ေ္ခ   နယက ္Wဧ္နဢရနWေအရခအရရ္ယဠက။
W
ဟနယကေယန္WဤအယရနထWေ္္ခ္က္ခေယနW       ရန ယခWအျရယဠက။Wဟနယကေ္္ခ္က္ခ    ဆဟျခW္္ယက္္ကဤခ ဢ္က      ္က္Wဢအေယနဧေိ္ခကက W “
W”ရဆWဤအယရနထWေအရခယခရ္ရဆWေအရခေယချWဝဟခေယန္ရနWဤအယရနထ္WဟအဟခWဢရနထ
W
Wဥနယက္ဆျဲအခ၊Wယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန ္ရနWအဟယကဟခဢရနထWဤံန ္ဆျယခဟ္ေရ ေအခWဧေ   ခ္ကဧ     ခ Wေယနထဟရ္ဆျဤဢခ ဲအခ။ W-
W
ဤဟရနကက ေိ္ခကက ဧအ္ေယချWအဟယကဟခဲရနယခဢဆက Wဝဟခ၊Wဝဟခဲရနယခဢဆက WအဟယကဟခWအလ္က္ဆျေယချWယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဧခ ဢံန ္ရနWအ္ံေကရပ ေယချW “
W”ဟ္ေရ ေယချWအျရယဠကဢရနထWဟေအရခပရနကကသအ ေဢ။Wဘ္္ေယချWေယခ္ကဟျWပရနကကကံေအ ဧအWဤယကဟျယက္္္ကWယ္နေရ္ျေဢ အဟယကဟခဢရနထWေ္ၐယခ
W
BDC+December+Diary
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BDC+December+Diary
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BDC+December+Diary

  • 1. by Lu Cifer on Friday, 24 December 2010 at 14:35 ― ‖ ― ‖
  • 2.
  • 3. ‖ ― ‖
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  • 7. ‖ - ― ‖ Friday, 24 December 2010 12:18 http://www.irrawaddy.org/bur/index.php/articles/2-articles/5331-2010-12-24-05-21-01 . by on Friday, 24 December 2010 at 15:08
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  • 13. http://drlunswe.blogspot.com/2010/12/blog-post_24.html Like · Comment · Share 1. 2. ? 3. 4. 5. World's largest Jesus Christ Statue 6. Bible
  • 14. -- (SWEET DECEMBER) ― ‖
  • 15. ( ) ― ‖ ) ― ‖ -
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  • 20. (AD) ― ‖ ( - ) ( ) ) ( )
  • 21. ( ) CHRISTMAS CHRIST MAS ( - ) ) ― ‖ ( )
  • 22. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) )
  • 23. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ―
  • 24. ) ( ) ? ― ‖ C.S. Lewis Mere Christiarity ―
  • 25. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ― ‖ ― ‖ )
  • 26. ― ‖ ― ‖ ‖ ) ― ‖ ― ‖ ( ) ― ‖ ― ‖ ― ‖ ) ― ‖( ) ― ‖ ( ) ―
  • 27. ) C.S. Lewis ― ‖ ― ‖ ( ) ‖ ( ) ― ‖ ( )
  • 28. ( ) ) ― ‖ )
  • 30.
  • 31. ...
  • 32.
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  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36. ( How to Study the Bible )
  • 37. ‖― ‖ ― ‖― ‖ ( Study for Bible Knowledge ) – ( Bible Study by Chapters ) – ( Bible Study by Paragraphs ) – ( Bible Study by Verses ) – ( Bible Study by Books ) – ( Bible Study by Words ) – ( Bible Study by Biographies )
  • 38. World's largest Jesus Christ Statue Poland to build world's largest Jesus Christ statue — A small Polish town has sought to place itself on the global tourist map by building the world's largest statue of Jesus, eclipsing Rio's famous Christ the Redeemer. More images after the break...
  • 39. The statue of Jesus Christ in Swiebodzin is due for completion in November Photo: EPA
  • 40. Swiebodzin, a Polish town of 21,000 near the German border, will soon be home to a 33-metre effigy of Christ, which, along with a crown that adds a further two metres and its 16-metre mound will put all other statues dedicated to the son of God in its shade. Due for completion in November, the monument should pip the world's current record holder, Bolivia's Cristo de la Concodia statue, by some nine metres, and look down on the world famous statue in Rio de Janeiro, which stands just 30 metres tall minus its plinth. Although erected ostensibly to show gratitude to God, the town hopes having the massive statue will bring tourists into a community that has lain off the beaten track for most of its existence.
  • 41. "If we had opened a racetrack or a golf course here, tourists would have come only for the season. But with a statue of Jesus the season will last the whole year," a local official told Wprost, a weekly news magazine. With construction nearing the end, engineers face the hazardous task of lifting the figure's massive head and shoulders into place, which, officials say, might require the use of a helicopter. By Matthew Day in Warsaw
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  • 51. -- More info : http://groups.google.com/group/myanmar-daily-info-n-general-knowledge ) ( ) ( )
  • 52. (School of Economic) ― - (At the Crossroads: Dialogue with K ― (Veronica Pedrosa) Gobal Governance (Mary Kaldor) (Timothy Garton Ash)
  • 54.
  • 55.
  • 56.
  • 57.
  • 58. ( - ) ( - ) 23 2010 ―
  • 60. ‖ (Donald Jameson -
  • 62. DK Thursday, 23 December 2010 18:49 (DKBA) ( ) ( ) ( ) DKBA
  • 63. DKBA ( ) " ( ) ( ) ‖ DKBA ( - DKBA
  • 64. KNU - " " (MTC)
  • 65. DKBA Thursday, 23 December 2010 12:28 Venus 7 Day News The Voice
  • 66. ( ‖ (NLD) ― ‖
  • 67. ‖ |
  • 68. ( ) ( ) ― ‖
  • 69. Speech ( ) ‖
  • 70. | ( ) ‘‘ ‘‘ India National Congress
  • 71. ‖ ― ‖
  • 72. 23 2010
  • 73.
  • 74. ‖ ― ‖
  • 75. Friday, 24 December 2010 12:42
  • 76. / NLD ― ‖ Thursday, 23 December 2010 15:53 Grassroots Human Rights Education and Development (GHRED)
  • 77. GHR - GHRED) ― ‖ GHRED The Human Rights Prize of The French Republic
  • 79. - ) Venus 7 Day News The Voice ― (
  • 81. - AP) ― ‖ - Show quoted text -
  • 82. - Show quoted text - Than Shwe's Son-in-law Named Ambassador to China By WAI MOE - Hide quoted text - In his latest effort to entrench his family's status as Burma's ruling clan, Snr-Gen Than Shwe appoints his son-in- law to serve as the country's ambassador to its closest ally. In his 18 years as head of Burma's ruling junta, Snr-Gen Than Shwe has worked tirelessly to cement not only the regime's hold on power, but also the status of his closest relatives as members of the country's de facto royal family.
  • 85.
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  • 94. .......... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Holy Thorn Tree 8. 9. K ‘ 10.
  • 95. 11. 12. 10 Most Fascinating Mazes
  • 96. K K
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  • 103. ( )
  • 104. ( ) ERP ( MRT )
  • 105. ) … ― ‖
  • 106. =
  • 109. © EPA
  • 111. Holy Thorn Tree © dailymail
  • 112.
  • 114. K ‘ K ‘ K ‘ K ‘ K ‘
  • 115. The Kids Are All R Source: XinhuaNet
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  • 117. ( ) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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  • 124. )
  • 125. 10 Most Fascinating Mazes Longleat Hedge Maze (UK)
  • 126.
  • 127. 16 000 ‘ z -- ‘ -- was first laid out in 1975 by designer Greg Bright. The Maze covers an area of around 1.48 acres (0.6 hectares) with a 1 69 2 72 z ‘ - dimensional, with six wooden bridges offering tantalizing glimpses towards the elusive centre of the maze, which is marked by an observation tower for visitors who manage to find it. Reignac-sur-Indre Maze (France)
  • 128. In 1996, the year this plant maze --the world's largest-- was created at Reignac-sur-Indre in Touraine, 85,000 visitors came to admire and lose themselves in the middle of its 4-hectare (10-acre) expanse. Each year, a maze of corn or sunflowers emerges from the ground over the summer, is harvested in the autumn, and then reappears the following year in a different form, thanks to a well-proven technique of sowing and marking out. York Maze, a Star Trek tribute (UK)
  • 129. Containing 1.5 million individual plants, this maze --just outside York-- covers 32 acres, the equivalent of 15 football pitches, and was designed using satellite technology, which meant the paths could be cut to an accuracy of half a metre. The huge maze was created by Tom Pearcy as a tribute to the 40th anniversary of Star Trek.
  • 130. Ashcombe Maze (Australia) z ‘ z ted at Shoreham on the east of the Mornington Peninsula, Victoria. Measuring three meters high by two meters wide, the gardens also boast ‘ z 217 1 200 Pineapple Garden Maze (Hawaii)
  • 131.
  • 132. z 2001 z three miles of paths on three acres. Instead of a traditional English hedge, it is planted with 14,000 colorful Hawaiian plants, including hibiscus, croton, panax, pineapple and heliconia. It is located in Wahiawa, Hawaii at Dole Plantation and certainly looks scary from the air. Snake Maze (UK)
  • 133. Michael Blee, 62, spent several months creating this six-acre maze at Gore Farm in Upchurch, near Rochester, Kent. Its hedges stand 9ft tall. This is the 10th and the most complicated maze Mr. Blee has ever done. He is hoping his giant game makes it into the Guinness Book of Records. Il Labirinto (Italy)
  • 134.
  • 135. Created in the early 1700s, Il Labirinto is said to be one of the most complicated labyrinths in the world. Located in the town of Stra, just outside Venice on the grounds of Villa Pisani, the legend says Napoleon got "lost" in it around 1807. Peace Maze (Ireland)
  • 136. This Irish maze was officially opened in 2001. The largest permanent hedge maze in the world, it covers an area of 11,000m2 --2.7 acres, or, 1.1 hectares. The path length is 3147m (2 miles or 3443 yards). The hedge is constructed from 6000 yew trees, many of which were planted during December 2000 by people from all over Northern Ireland.
  • 137. Hampton Court Maze (UK) The Maze at Hampton Court, the royal palace on the Thames to the west of London, is probably UK's most famous one. Planted as part of the gardens laid out for William of Orange between 1689 and 1695 by George London and Henry Wise, it covers an area of a third of an acre (about 1350 sq meters), with paths of over half a mile (0.8 km) long. It was described with great wit in Jerome K. Jerome's novel 'Three Men in a Boat.' Hampton Court Maze continues to attract hundreds of thousands of visitors each year. Davis' Mega Maze (USA)
  • 138. Davis' Mega Maze in Sterling, Massachusetts, has been a popular seasonal attraction since 1998. Davis' Farmland, a seventh-generation family-owned farm, holds this unique maze that changes completely from year to year. Designed in Dorset, England, by maze designer Adrian Fisher who is often credited with creating the modern maize maze craze, the Mega Maze takes more than 12,800 labor hours to be created each year. 10 of the World's Most Dangerous Roads
  • 139. The Death Road (Bolivia)
  • 140.
  • 141. The North Yungas Road, also known as The Death Road, is a 61 to 69 km road leading from La Paz to Coroico (Bolivia's capital, to the Amazon region) in the Yungas region of Bolivia. It is legendary for its extreme danger: in 1995 the Inter-American Development Bank christened it as the "world's most dangerous road. " One estimate is that 200-300 travelers were killed yearly along the road. The road includes crosses marking many of the spots where such vehicles have fallen. Guoliang Tunnel Road (China)
  • 142.
  • 143. The road in Taihang mountains was built by local villagers: it took five years to finish the 1,200 metre long tunnel which is about 5 meters high and 4 meters wide. Some of the villagers died in accidents during construction; undaunted, the others continued. On May 1, 1977, the tunnel was opened to traffic. It is located in the Taihang Mountains, in the Hunan Province of China. Ruta 5: Arica to Iquique Road (Chile)
  • 144. The road from Arica to Iquique is renowned for being dangerous; you drive past very deep valleys and wind your way through, spotting ever so often tell-tale vehicle skeletons at the bottom. The few times you can see
  • 145. cars and buses passing by, they were doing so at such a speed that you may think they are either tempting fate very foolishly or perhaps they are just ghosts whizzing past. The mono-hued and isolated scenery is well capable of endowing you with the capacity to have such visions, so concentrating and avoiding the use of any form of hallucinatory substance is essential here. Siberian Road to Yakutsk (Russia)
  • 146.
  • 147. The Russian Federal Highway connects Moscow to Yakutsk, where the coldest temperature ever recorded outside Antarctica was recorded. Yakutsk is also the largest city built on continuous permafrost. Most houses are built on concrete piles because of the frozen ground. What does all this have to do with being one of the world's most dangerous roads? Well, during the winter, which is approximately ten months long, driving in and out of Yakutsk is subject to heavy snow, ice, and reduced visibility. However, winter road conditions are a picnic compared to trying to navigate the Russian Federal Highway on July and August. Though many Siberian residents will tell you the highway is not paved to keep the Germans out (a tired World War II era joke), the truth is because of the permafrost there is no asphalt, creating a mud induced traffic jam every time the summer rains swing Yakutsk's way. Near thousand car traffic jams are not unheard of and during these back ups and travelers might pass the time while stuck in Siberian traffic by looting, beating, and kidnapping other travelers. Siberian mud pirates.
  • 148. 2010-12-22 RFA ― US Forbes New Yorker ‖
  • 149. 22 2010
  • 150. ‖ ― ‖ ―
  • 151. ‖ ―
  • 152. | ( ) ―
  • 153. ‖ ― ‖ ― ‖ (M.D.C)
  • 154. ‖ M.D.C ― ‖ (NLD) ( )
  • 155. (MDC) (MDC) ( ) ― ― ( )
  • 156. (Kachin Development Networking Group) China Power Investment Corporation China Southern Power Grid (Asia World) CPI Yunan International Power Investment Co., Ltd
  • 157. China Power Investment Corporation ― ( )
  • 158. - ― Mazup Dawng Pan Sut Ngai Yang ( - )
  • 159. UNESCO CHAIR INTERNATIONAL LEADERSHIP TRAINING PROGRAMME: A GLOBAL INTERGENERATIONAL FORUM ( - ―
  • 161. http://www.unescochair.uconn.edu/upspecialevents_Europe.htm Tin Maung Aye (Tim Aye-Hardy) @ TimAyeHardy@Burma-Network.com ( - )
  • 162. Wednesday, 22 December 2010 12:26 ―
  • 163. ― Online Banking ( ) ‖ ― ATM ‖
  • 164. Data Transfer System ‖ ― ‖
  • 165. )
  • 166. Eleven Wednesday, 22 December 2010 18:53 ( ) ― ‖
  • 167. - (SSA - North) ― ‖ - ― ‖
  • 168. )
  • 169. ‖ ― ‖ )
  • 170.
  • 171. K Wednesday, 22 December 2010 18:17 (KNU ) KNU (KNLA) ( ) KNU KNLA ( ) ( )
  • 172. KNU DKBA (DKBA) ( ) DKBA DKBA
  • 173. Dear Friends - In my previous posting which I sent I made a mistake in-haste, saying that LSE-Al Jazeera English dialogue with Aung San Suu Kyi was scheduled to be broadcast under AJZ's regular 'Inside Story'. It will be broadcast as a Special program - twice on Wednesday 22 Dec and Thursday 23 Dec. Also included in this posting are two other interviews (transcripts) from the Global Post and one Canadian publication. cheers,
  • 175. Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi 00:30 00:30 Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar. Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar. Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi 07:30 07:30 Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar. THURSDAY 23 Dec - GMT
  • 176. Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi 12:30 12:30 Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar. Al Jazeera News Special: Aung San Suu Kyi 19:00 19:00 Suu Kyi addresses the Generals, why they maintain power, the youth and what she expects from them, and puts forward her vision for Myanmar. ================ http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/asia/101220/interview-burma-myanmar-aung-san-suu-kyi Interview: Straight talk from Aung San Suu Kyi Famed dissident dishes on the junta, tiny cell phones and how Burmese need to help themselves.
  • 177. 0digg o Facebook o Reddit o StumbleUpon o Newsvine o Print Version FOR OUR MEMBERS Indonesia's jihadi vigilantism Paris's ultimate power restaurants Dec. 10: Live photo discussion - dramatic images of the Afghan surge By Bernard Krisher - Special to GlobalPost Published: December 20, 2010 12:58 ET in Asia
  • 178. Burma's democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi poses for a portrait at the National League for Democracy (NLD) headquarters in Rangoon, Burma, on Dec. 8, 2010. (Getty Images) Aung San Suu Kyi, the revered leader of ‘ democracy movement, was released from house arrest in November after more than 15 years. Elected prime minister in 1990, but denied her title and confined off-and- on ever since, the Nobel Peace Laureate is considered by some to be a Gandhi-caliber icon. In this interview, Suu Kyi talks about her willingness to cooperate with the junta, her eagerness to get an email account and her plans for Burma's future. Bernard Krisher, publisher of The Cambodia Daily and The Burma Daily, first interviewed Suu Kyi in 2000 in Rangoon. This month, Krisher conducted a follow-up phone interview with her, the text of which appears here exclusively. GP: Now that you have been released, are you willing to cooperate with the regime?
  • 179. Aung San Suu Kyi: I think I've always said I was willing to cooperate with the regime. I don't think this is something new. You won the election in 1990 and the regime did not allow you to take power and then you were under house arrest and confinement for many years. Now that you are free, how do you feel? What should be your relationship to the junta now? Our relationship to the junta has always been based on what we can best do for the country. That is how we j ‘ me under detention. These personal considerations don't come into the picture at all. What you would like to do in the future? What are you plans, what is your agenda? Yes, of course we have an agenda but the most important thing at the moment is for the whole world to understand that Burma needs a process of democratization. We would like all of our supporters to work towards this. And not just our supporters but the international community and the United Nations. When I met you the last time in 2000, I asked how can you survive this? You said through humor. After all that has happened, do you still feel that humor is the best way to survive? Humor is one of the best ingredients of survival. We have a lot of it around in the NLD [our party, the National League for Democracy] and I don't think we could have survived without it, considering that so many of us have
  • 180. been in and out of prison so frequently. But when we sit around and talk and do our work there is a lot of laughter. It is part of our survival apparatus. Are you able to use email now? ‘ j ne in the NLD office reconnected after eight years. We'll have to wait a little longer before we graduate to the email stage yet. I suspect you are talking on a cell phone. Have you used a cell phone before? I only used a cell phone for the first time after I was released. I had difficulty coping with it because it seemed so small and insubstantial. There have been leaks of diplomatic cables indicating that the U.S. government believes that the Burmese regime is pursuing a nuclear weapons program with North K ‘ involvement. Are the people of Burma aware of this and what is your opinion? I am not aware of this in any detail but I have heard about it on the radio. What is the best way for foreign governments or aid groups to help Burma? What does Burma need and what is the best way to help? The best way to help Burma is to empower the people of Burma, to help us have enough self-confidence to obtain what we want for ourselves. For the moment, our people are frightened and lack confidence they have any power. The best way people can help us is to encourage us to help ourselves.
  • 181. How can non-governmental organizations help Burma? When they give humanitarian aid, it should be given in such a way that it empowers people instead of increasing their dependency. As you told me the last time ― teach them how to fish rather than giving them ‖? I've gone one step further. Apart from teaching them how to fish, you need to create an environment where they can use their fishing skills. That is to say, it is no use teaching them how to fish and then leaving them at ‘ their skills and that their skills are suited to the environment. Do you intend to run for office in the next election? ‘ x ‘ predict what will happen in the next five years. In "Inside Burma," GlobalPost visits the refugee camps along the Thai border to give voice to civilians who are often silenced under a repressive regime: ================================== Some Burmese NGOs Say Suu Kyi Hampers Their Work
  • 182. By HTET AUNG Thursday, December 16, 2010 http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=20331 Some Burmese non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have complained to a United Nations envoy that their work has been hampered by the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and her active involvement in social issues. The complaints were voiced in a meeting between Vijay Nambiar, the UN secretary-general's special envoy to Burma, and representatives of local NGOs during his two-day visit to Burma. Unofficial notes on the meetings, obtained by The Irrawaddy, reported that the potential for opening up the country's civil society groups to address the country's social issues in the post-election period had been discussed.
  • 183. Among those who met Nambiar were Nay Win Maung, of Myanmar Egress; Khin Maung Yin and Dr Myo Lwin of the Pyo Pin Program; Thiha Kyaing of the Phoenix Association (Myanmar); Myint Su from the Local Resource Center; and officials from the Metta Foundation and the International Development Enterprise. The notes on the meeting said Nay Win Maung and Khin Maung Yin told the UN envoy it had become more difficult to carry out their social works after Suu Kyi's release because of what they perceived as her hardline political stand. Her call for a second Panglong conference, for example, was ― ‖ they said. However, the notes didn't elaborate precisely on how the NGOs felt Suu Kyi's political stand could hamper their social works. The Irrawaddy tried to contact Nay Win Maung to obtain further elaboration but couldn't reach him. Nay Win Maung is one of the founders of Myanmar Egress, which actively promoted the Nov. 7 election through voter education programs. He also owns the local weekly journal The Voice. Khin Maung Yin is a leader of the Pyo Pin Program, which is funded by the UK Department for International Development via the British Embassy in Rangoon.
  • 184. don't view the release of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi ‖ said Thiha Kyaing. ― said they could do their social works better before Daw Suu was freed and that after her release the political situation became shaky. It was difficult for them to operate their ‖ Thiha Kyaing said he didn't share these views. ― of the people who met the special envoy are not really working at the grassroots level and they spoke mostly about policy issues, neither truly representing nor knowing the real situation of the ‖ Phoenix Association is a non-profit social organization and its members are people living with HIV/AIDS. The organization was established in 2005 with the objective of supporting HIV/AIDS patients facing social and economic problems. Thiha Kyaing said the Phoenix Association had not experienced greater difficulty in carrying out its social work since Suu Kyi's release, which the organization viewed positively.
  • 185. fact, Daw Suu's influence can even be used to raise funds for our ‖ he said. ― in the communities that I am working with strongly support Daw ‖ In the unofficial meeting notes, Nay Win Maung and Khin Maung Yin said Suu Kyi needs to update her knowledge of the changes that occurred during her house arrest. They complained they hadn't had a chance to meet Suu Kyi—although Thein Oo, the National League for Democracy (NLD) official responsible for arranging all meetings with Suu Kyi, told The Irrawaddy: ― has so far been no request from Egress to meet with Daw Aung San Suu K ‖ Ohn Kyaing, the NLD central executive committee member responsible for contacts with other local organizations, dismissed the Egress and Pyo Pin Program complaints as ― ‖ He said: ― her release, she has already made clear that she is willing to cooperate with all ‖
  • 186. Following her release last month, Suu Kyi has advocated a strengthening of the civil society organizations. In a video speech sent to the recent EU Development Forum, she called for more investment in the development of civil society organizations, adding that it must be ― and ‖ 2010-12-22 2010-12-22
  • 187. ‖ 2010-12-22
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  • 281. W W ဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ေရၐယနကကWဧေအ္္ံ ခ ဤဆကျWယဠက္ရကအလယကေ္္ခကW W3 EW-EE-AESအဟယကဟခပနရကကကံဧေယအလကကျWဢ္ကအျရယနကကW ယကအျရဤအ ံဟျWဤရအဤဆက။Wဧဲနရရ္Wေအေဧခ္ကေ္သဠကဢကW ၀ဟ္ခ ္ရနWဧဤံန အရေေယဤဆကဥနWဧ ရကရ္ယခ ဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကဤနဠကဟပဢနရကက ဧခ W ရကဟံဤနဠကယယက အခယနကကWဧရဟကယပ ္္ကက ပနရကကကံအလ္ကဤဆကျWသ ္ဢခ ေဘျတျကပနရကကကံပျကကျW )၄(ဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကေိ္ခကက Wယံရ္ ကရပ ဟျWဢ္ကေယနထယနကကWဧေ္ခကကဧ ဆကေရၐဢခအ္ကက W ္္ရယကဲ္ကအယကဧယန္ကWဠကက ပရနကကကံပျကကျဢဆက Wပျ္ကပရနကကကံဆရပပရပကက ဟပဟ္ခ ္နရWအရေဢနရက္ဆျ ဟအျရ္ဆျဥနဢဆက Wဧ ္ကရ္Wယခဣယကတျရဤအ္ဲနရဤဆက။Wဠ္နဢ္ကအျရဧ္္ရယကယနကကWအရဆကယနကက ၏Wဧကကယခယ္ကဲ္ကဤနဠကဟပW ေရၐ၌Wဧေအ္္ံ ခ ဤဆကျWဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ဟ္ခ ေရၐယနကကWဧဤနံ အရေေယအ္ကက အလ္ကဤဆက။W W3 EW-EE-AESဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ဟ္ခ ဧခ W ကံWဧရ္ဧဣကကWပနရကကကံေရ္က ကWဤနံ ဲဠကေ္္ခကဟျWဧကကယခယ္ကဤံန ္နအဆ ္ကက ဟ္ခ Wေဲခကကအန္ကေယေိ္ခကက W ဧဲနရရ္ဲ္ကေိ္ခကက ယနကကWအဟယကဟခပနရကက Wအဟယကဟချဲ္ကဤနဠကေအ ဢနရကကယက ၏Wဤယကက ဧ္္္ကဧဢ္ကပျကကျWယဆက ရဆခယခယဟျWဤရအဤဆက။
  • 282. W W))lanWFeJ WweNiyaD7(ဠနုယ္နရ္နရWW:tiedrC ဧကကယခယ္ကဢရနကက ဟ္ခ Wဟိ္ခ္ာWအရယကေယခ္ကဟပအလ္ကWEPM ကက ္Wဘပပျ္က ဆဟျခWရနရနရရနဲနရ ဢခယဠက။W္္နယကေယခကယနရထ္Wယဠကသ္ကဟနရထဢနရထဢခ ဟဤရသအ ။Wယ္ကရယကWယ္ကရယက္ရနW ဧကကယခယ္ကဢနရWMPE“ ဢနရကက ေ္ခကက ေ္ခကက ဟနယကဟနယကWအယခဲနရဢရနထWဤံန အ္ကေဢခ္ကေယခကကဟတျရသအ ။Wအအကကဢဆက Wဟယ္ကအအကကWေယထဢဠကအရယက၊WေယထဢဠကအအကကW W”ဆေယအရယကWဧဆဘပဢနရရဆWဤနံ ေယအယခ W ေဲခကကတန္ကဢ္္ကတျရဤဆကျWဧကကယခယ္ကဢနရကက ဟ္ခ Wဟိ္ခ္ာWWအဟယကဟချဲ္ကဤနဠကေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟျ ကကWယဠကကဟရေဲဟ္ခ အျရW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ W ၀အရယကေယခ္ကေယဟပေိ္ခကကျWအယက္နယကဧရ္ဧ WPAPဧ္္ကံ္ံေဢ္္ကအျရေိ္ခကက W္ံန္ဟက ဤရအျရအဤဆက။Wအရဆကယနကက အျရWဧကကယခယ္ကဣယကေဲခကကဟပWေ ခ္ကရံျဤအW ကက Wဢနရကက အရယကေယခ္ကဟပWဧကကယခယ္ကဢရနကက ဟ္ခ ဤဆကWဠ္နပျ္ကဧယန EPMWအလ္ကေဤခW ဢရနကက ဟ္ခ Wအဠအဤနံ ္နဆေယဤဆကျWဧကကယခယ္ကဲနရကကဟ္ခ ၊W SlADWဲ္ကယနရ္ကအလ္ကေရၐေယဤဆက။W နရထေိ္ခကကျW EPMWU eiWဟ္ခ ပျကျကWရအ ယနဆဤံန ္နဆေယအေိ္ခကက WPAPW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ ဟျခWဧအ္ခ ေဤခW ္နယကေယခကယနရထ္Wဧကကယခယ္ကဢနရကက ္Wဘပပျ္က ဆဟျခWရနရနရရနဲနရ ဢခယဠက။W္ WMPE“ဟ္ခ ္ေအရခဤဆက။W ယဠကသ္ကဟနရထဢနရထဢခ ဟဤရသအ ။Wယ္ကရယကWယ္ကရယက္ရနWဢနရကက ေ္ခကက ေ္ခကက ဟနယကဟနယကWအယခဲနရဢရနထW
  • 283. ဥနW”ဤံန အ္ကေဢခ္ကေယခကကဟတျရသအ ။Wအအကကဢဆက Wဟယ္ကအအကကWေယထဢဠကအရယက၊WေယထဢဠကအအကကWဆေယအရယကWဧဆဘပဢနရရဆWဤနံ ေယအယခ ရဆကယနကက အျရW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ ပျကကျW ေဟခကဢကဟေရကကကဟေရဲတျရWအခုခဧကကယခယ္ကဲနရကကဟျWယခဣယက္ံယ္ကကပ ္ေအရခဤဆက။Wအ ပျ္ကဟ္ေရ ံဟျWအဠအ ခ အကရပ WEPMWPAPWဧကကယခယ္ကဲနရကကဟ္ခ ၊Wဤန ္နဆဤအဟ္ခ ္Wဠကက အရယကေယခ္ကဟပဟ္ခ ေိ္ခကကျWအယယခရနံပျကကျ ဧဆဘပဢနရဤနံ ေယယခေယခကကဟျWယ္က္္ယေဢWအယယခရံန္ရ္ရ္္ကအကကW “ဢနရကက အရယက္္ရယကယနကကWဢျဆကျဢဆကဤနံ ္နဆေယိ္အေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။W ဥနWဧကကယခယ္က္နယကယ္ကတျကကWဧ္္ကဧ္ဆပျကကျWရယကဤ္က၍W ”အခ။Wဧဆဘပဢရနအ္က္္အကကWသခဟျ္ရနWဢနရကဢရနထဟအေယချသအ ဤနခ ေ ္္ေရဲဠနကက ဟပ၊W acobeyeWဢနရကကယက အျကကယ္ကကပ ္ေအရခဤဆက။Wဠ္နပျ္ကဧယနကက Wဧကကယခယ္ကအရယကေယခ္ကဟပဟ္ခ ဤဆကWဲခဝခ္္ေရဲဠနကက ဟပ၊W ဟပဟ္ခ Wအလ္ကရနခ ေယကရပ Wဤံန ္နဤအဧ္္ေရဲ္ဟအWဠ္နပျ္ကဤဆကW ယနရ္က္ရန္က္ံအဟပ္ဤဆကျWဧေိ္ခကက ဧဟ္ေရ ဟ္ေရ ပျကကျWအရယကေယခ္က ဆ Wဧကကယခယ္ကအရယကေယခ္ကဟပဧံ္ရဟကWဧဢနယကဟ္ခ ေဤခပျ္ကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wေအရခိ္ဤဆက။ W W)lanWFeJ WweNiyaD7(ေယဢကက ေဧခကကWW:tiedrC W W သပဢ္ံW နယကေ္္ W၄ဘဤဟWW၂ယတနယကဧ္ရန အ္Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧခ Wဧေဟအရ္ယကေဘၐဢခW W ္ယ ဢရဠ္က W)၄၉၇ယကW၊WဧဟျW၂၅(ဧယနဧဟျယကW ဆ
  • 284. သပဢ္ံWေ္္ ေကန နယကေ္္ ဟပဲရနကကအခWရအ ေရ္ကက ေဲခကကအန္ကဟပW W၄ဘဤဟWW၂ယတနယကပရနကကကံ္Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧခ Wဧေဟအရ္ယကWေဘၐဢခW Wယကအျရဤအဟ္ခ ္W္္ေရကဲရန္ဆျဤဆက။၀အ္ကေယထယနကကWေယအရဆကေယခက၌Wပျ္ကပရနကကကံယခW၃၀ကကသခဢW၀ဤေသခယအW္ခ္္ေရက္ရနWပရန ယရနထဧိ္ခ WW)tl t(tnryaWlepeDevkeyCW ayoWteiveiaCreyW ဠကဟပသာကပျကျကWဠကက ဤေသခယအဆပ္္္က္ရနWအဟယကဟချပရနကကကံအ္ခ W္နယကဤန အဟယကဟခWမခယကW-အရေဢနရက္ဆျကရပ Wေ္္ ေကန္ရနWအ္ရနကကအရဆကယဠကWေ္္ခ္ကအလယကဟရေဲဟျWယတနယကအရဆကWဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကဤရနထWဤနဠကယယက ခ ဟဆျကWယတနယက ဤနခ ဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက WအဟယကဟခWပရနကကကံဲရနကကအခW ေကနဲရရန္ကဢရနကက ဧယန္ကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံသ္ကဟျWအကက ပျပ အဟနေရကပျံအယကWဧမရ္Wဧဤံန အရေ WယကWသ ေအေအဟ္ကW္Wေအရခဤဆက။၀ဠကေအ ေ္ခကက္္က၀ယတနယကဤံတံန ၏W္ပ ရနခ ေအ ပျကျကW္အ ဤယက ေအခကက မခယကေကနဲWရရန္ကဢရနကက W္ပဟံ္ရယက ဧယ္ကW ၀ကကယဆျWဤသခ၀ေ္္ ေကန္Wအဟယကဟခ၊Wယတနယက၊W္နရအပ ဠခ ယဆထWဧရပရာဠWေဢ ပရနကကကံရ္ " ေရ ပရနကကအကကW္ပဟံ္ရယက ္ရနWဧအဟယကဲံန W ၀္ကWေရ ယခရ္။Wအကက ပျပ ေကနWဧအရဆျကဧအဟယကဟခအရဆကဧယန္ကWအကက ပျပ ေကနဧအလ WဥနW၎္Wေအရခဤဆက။W"ဧေ္ခကကဧ ဆကေလခကပရနကကဟျခရ္ Wကကေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။၀အခ္ရနကကပပယက Wအျဠကဠခရ္W၃ဘဤဟWW၇ဧဲရနရ္္ပဟံ္ရယက ယနကကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဟျW ရခိ္ခ အ္ကက ဟအျရေဤခကဢဆက Wဠကက မခယကေကနဲရရန္ကW သ ေအေအဟ္က္Wေ္္ ေကနပျကျကရယကဤ္ကဤဆျကWဧေဤ ္ရယကဧေိ္ခကက ဧအခဟ္ခ ္ရနဟအWေအ Wဢရနကက ္ပဟံ္ရယက ဧအရကကWဧအ္ခ ္ဳဟ္ခ ဧယန္ကရ္Wဧဤံန အရေဤနခ ဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wေအရခဤဆက။ ကကေကနWလယကယပ ေရ ပရနကကဟဆကအလ္ကကရပ Wဠကက ရရန္ကဢရနကက ကရပ ္ပ ရ္္WယတနယကပရနကကကံWဠအယယကW ၀မခယကေကနဲ္ပဟံ္ရယက ဟျWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧယန္ကWပရနကကကံအ္ခ W္နဟက ဧကကဢရနဧရက္္္က္ရနရ္Wအလဆျကဲဆက ေရ ပရနကကဟဆကအလ္ကဤဆက။ Wအရဆကယဠက၏ မခယကေကနဲ္ရနWဠအယယကWအရဆကယဠကအဆဲW္္ကဟပဢနရကကယက ဧအရကကWေဘဤယနကက Wဢရနဧရက္္္ကဧယန္ကရ္W ၀အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဟျWဤသခ" WဥနWသ ေအေအဟ္က္Wေအရခဤဆက။"ဧဤံန အရေဤနခ ဟျခရ္။W္ပဟံ္ရယက ေဧခကကအဟကကအကကWပျ္ကသ ပျ္ကလ္ကဧယန္ကWဧဟ္ခ ံ္ပ Wဧ္္ေရ အျရရ္ယဠက
  • 285. ေဢခ္ကဧယနကက ဟျခWဧဟ္ခ ံ္ပ Wလနံဲကလရေ ယရန ယ္ကဢခ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။W္ရနဠျကပရနကကကံWယရန ယ္ကကရပ Wဧရဟကယပ ္္ကက ပရနကကကံW W၃၀ယတနယကအရဆက္Wပျ္ကW" ဥနW၎္W"္ရနဢဆက Wယရန ယ္ကေ္္္ကကရ္ယဠက။Wဧ အ ဤအလကျကWဟရယကေဥခကက ေဲနေဥခကက Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံ္ရနWရရနဟရနယရန Wယ္ကေ္္္ကကရ္ယဠက ပရနကကကံ၏Wလနံဲကလရေ ယရန ယ္ကဟပဟ္ခ ဧခ Wအယက္နယက၊Wဟပနေဢ ပျကျကWေယအရဆကေယခကယရနထဧယနကက Wဧ ကကဧအျခ W ဢခဟဆျကပျ္ကဟ္ခ Wဧယနကက Wအဟယကဟခ Wေယနဲအဟကကအဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wေအရခိ္ခ ဤဆက။ ဢခဟဆျကပျ္ကဟ္ခ ဧယနကက Wယတနယကပရနကကကံ၏Wအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧယနကက Wအကက ပျပ အဟနေရကပျံဟပဟျခWဟ္ခ ဢခအခWဠကက ဧေအ္ဧေယဟျခWယတနယကပျကျကWအဟယကဟခW ္ယယခအျရအျရWရအ ေရ္ကက ေဲခကကအန္ကဤဆျကW္ဳ္ရနWေလခကအရေယေိ္ခကက ၊Wဧဤ္ကWေရၐေရ္္ကဢခေဤခW ဧအရယကဧဢျယကWေ ဠကဠအဤအဟ္ခ အရခ အ္ကက ဟျခWလနံဲကလရေ ဟပ၏ဢ္ၒာခယ္က္နအလ္ကေိ္ခကက ၊WအဟယကဟခWပရနကကကံဲရနကကအခW ၀အယက္နယကကဟရေဲဧယနကက အျရW္အရ္Wဟခ ္္ကဟ္ခ ပျကျကW Wဟက ေအဟခ္ကေိ္ခကက W၎္Wေအရခဤဆက။၀္ကWယတနယကဤံတံန ဧေယအလကျကWဧေအ္ဧေယေ္ခကက ဟ္ခ ္ရနWအဟကကေယနဲအဤဆျကဧယန အဟယကဟခပျကျကWယတနယကဧိ္ခ Wေ္္ ေကနပျကျကရယကဤ္က၍Wရ ဟဧဲကျကဧေယအလကျကWဤေသခယအW္ခ္္ေရကW္္ေရကဲရနကရပ ေယခ္ကWပျ္ကပရနကကကံW Wသာကဧ္္ကက W္္ကက Wဲ္ကဤနဠကဢနရကေဲခကကဤနခ ဟဆကအလ္ကWေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။ ရကဲရနိ္ယျဆဧအရကကWဤံတံန ဧေယယဆထဢဆက Wယတနယကပရနကကကံ္W္နဟကာပေယနW အဟယကဟခWဧ္ရန အ္္ကက Wရအ ေရ္ကက ေဲခကကအန္ကကရပ W္ခ္္ေရက္္ေ-ယတနယက" WဥနWသ ေအေအဟ္က္Wေအရခဤဆက။"ဢခေအခ္ကWအကက ပျပ အဟနေရကပျံလရနထWယရန္ကယနယက ေဢျအျရရ္ယဠက ္ပ ရနခ ေအ ရဆခအျကကယ္ကသ အလ္ကဤအWေဘ္္ကယခWေဟခကကေဧခကက္Wေ္္ ေကနဧခ Wဧေအ္္ံWဧေဲခ္ကဧဧံနWေအအျဆကWလနံဲကလရေ ေအ ဢနရကကယက ဟ္ခ W ္က္နခဧဤံန အရေဤနခ ဟဆကဲရနဢျ္ကကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧယန္ကWဢနယက္နခဧ္္ေရ အျရဟဆကအလ္ကေိ္ခကက ၊WအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဧေယအလကျကW ဧယန္ကW ရေအခ ကကအအျရကရပ Wေ ခ္ကရံျေိ္ ဟ္ခ ယနကကWယအ္ခ ေဤခပရနကကကံဟ္ခ ပျကျကဠျကကဢျ္ကကWဧခ ယဆက ဤဆျကဧေအ္ဧေယပျကျကW ၀လနံဲကလရေ ေအ Wဧယန္ကWယအခ Wဲ္က္ရကေအရခWိ္ခ ဤဆက။
  • 286. ဥနWေဘ္္ကယခW"ဲကလရေ ယရန ယ္ကလရနထဧယန္ကWဧ္္ေရ အျရအျရWဧဤံန အရေဟဠကဲရနအကကWဧအဟက ဧ္္ေရ အျရရ္ယဠက ဧေအ္္ံဧေဲခ္ကဧဧံနWလနံ" ေဟခကကေဧခကက္Wဢ္ကအျရယနကကWယတနယကပရနကကကံဤဆကWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံ၏Wဧမရ္ဢ္ကယနဆေလခကဧအလ္ကအျရေယဤဆျကWဧေယဧ ခ ္ရနWဤံန ဤရကW Wေအရခိ္ခ ဤဆက။ ကနဲW္နဝေရဤယက ေရ္ကက Wယ္ကသပဢ္ံေ္္ခက္ရနWဟနယသဟေ္နဲအျရW မခယကေW၀အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဤဆကWဢ္ကအျရဧ္္ရယကယနကကWယ္ကအ္ကဢျ္ကကWဤသခ Wမခယကေကနဲ္ပဟံ္ရယက ပျ္က္နဟျW နယကဢ္္ကအျရဤဆက။ ၀္ဟက ဢနယကWဤသခ Wကက၀မခယကေကနဲဧဟ္ခ ဲံန နယကဢနရကပရနကကဤဆျကWပရနကကကံဟ္ခ ယနကကWယ္က္နဧရ္ဧ ၀ရ္ရလရယကေဘဤဧယနကက Wဤသခ-အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံဤဆကဧခအျ Wကကကံေအဟခ္ကWဧဟ္ခ ဲံန ယကကရရနထဤဆျကWပရနကကကံအလ္ကဤဆက။ ပရနW၁၁အလ္ကကရပ Wယ္က္ဟငခဢံန Wဧယရနကက ဧယခဧေယအလကျကW ္နပျ္က္ယဆက ္W္ယကကဢဆကရယက္ဆျဤဆျကWရပယပယပဧပ ရပW ရနကက ္နဟကာပ္WအယယခပျကျကWအဆယံ္နယကယရနထဟျW W၁၉၉၈အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံယနကကW Wဠကဠအဢ္္ကအျရဤဆက။၀ယ္ကအ္ကဢျ္ကကW္နဝေရWယ္ကသပဢ္ံေ္္ခက္ယကထW WယနကကW္ယကကဟဆျကWေအေပျကျကW၂၀၁၃ကကေကနအအျရဢ္္ကအျရကရပ W၀္က္ကကWေဘၐဢခWပျ္ကWသပဢ္ံေ္္ခကWမခယကေကနဲ္ရနW ရနကက ပရနကကကံဤရနထWယကကရရနထဟပဟျWပျ၀ဤသခ Wသပဢ္ံ္ယကထWအျရပရနကကဤဆက။W၅၊ဘဤဟ၊၁မခယကေကနဲW္ပဟံ္ရယက ကရပ ္ပ ရ္္Wမခယကေကနဲ နယကဢေယကဟအဟျခWယ္ကေယထW္နဝေရW ၀ေုခယရ္Wဤသခ W W ဠအယယကWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ ခ ဢဟက Wေလခ္ကဟဆက- အယက္နယက W
  • 287. ္အပဢW၌W၀္နWုယကယW၂၀၁၁ဲပျကကျWယတနယကပရနကကကံWဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကဤရနထWဲ္ကဤနဠကဟဆကျWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ ခ ဢဟက ္ရနW အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံWအယက္နယကကဟရေ Wယကံ္ပ ယခယဟျWဧဲကကျအဟကကျဧအခအျရယကပ ္Wေအရခဲရနဤဆက။ ၀္ယကကWေလခ္ကဢနရကဟဆကဥနWေယအရဆကေယခကအျရWအဟယကဟချWဟပ အ ခW W W)ေိ္ ဟံ-မခယကရံန(ေယနWထအ္ကကWယတနယကပရနကကကံဟျW္္္ကိ္ဆကေအ ဢ္ကေဲခကကWအ န ခ ယနဟ္ခ ေယအရဆကေယခကယနကက ဆ ေဟခကက ပျကကပရနကကWဟဆကWWပပယက အလကကျW၂၀၀ယခအပWဢျ္ကကW္ပဢရနဟပယခWW၁အျရWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ ခ ဢဟက ဤဆကWW၁၉၂၀ဧဲရနရ္W္ပဢရနဟပယခWဧအျဆကW Wအလ္ကဤဆကဥနWဤရအဤဆက။ W ပရနကကကံWဧေယခ္ကWရရနကက Wယတနယကပရနကကကံ၏WဧေအျဲေယခကကWဧခအျWပရနကကကံဟ္ခ ပျကကျWဲ္ကဤနဠကဤဆကျWဧအဟယကအ ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက ယနကကWယတနယက WကကWအလ္က၀ေဘဤWဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကကဟရေဲေယခကW္အဟကက ပျကကျWအယက္နယကကဟရေဲဤရနထWေလခ္ကဢနရကဟဆကျWဠ္နWဢဟက ရရနကက ဤဆကWယ္နWဧရ္ဧ
  • 288. Wအ္ကေယထ နယကWအဟယကဟချဧဢကက Wဤယကက ္ခ၌Wေလခကအရ ခ ဤဆက။ W၂၆ကကသခဢW၀ေိ္ခကက Wပရန W ္ကဧရံေရ ပရနကကဟဆကျWဧဲရနရ္Wဧအဟယကအ ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက WယနကကW ယတနယကပရနကကကံ၏WအဟယကဟခအရဆကပျကကျW္နယကဤနဠကဟပ္ရနWဧေ္ခကက ဲံန Wဧေ ခ ကကေဤခေိ္ခကကျWအရဆကယနကက W္နဟကာပယ္္ရေဲ္ရနဢဆက Wဢဟက ရရနကက ယဆကေဲခ္က္နကကျWေရ ဤနခ ဟဆကWအလ္ကကရပ Wဠ္နW ၀ဢဟက ရရနကက ဟ္ခ ္နခWရ္ ဟပ အ ခ WWWကကဤဆကျ၀ကကWရ္ဧ္္ရယကယနကကWေလခ္ကဢနရကဤနခ ဟဆကျWအ ခ ဢဟက ေိ္ခကက ္နရWေအ ဲနဆကရပ ဤနခ ကရပဥနWဧဲရနရ္Wဧ အ ္ပဟံ္ရယက ယန Wယကံ္ပ ယခယဟျWဧကက ္ကကယပဠခWယကပ ္ဢဆက Wေအရခဤဆက။ ၀ W ကရပ ္ဆျယဆျWေဧခ္ကယရနသခဢW္W္အဟကက Wဟပ အ ခ ဧနရက္္ေရကေအ Wဧလနထဆေယန္Wဟပ အ ခ ယနဆေယန္ရနW္္္ကိ္ဆကေအ WဧေယယဆထW “ ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက WဤအယရနထWေဲခ္ကဟဠကျWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျအWWဢ္ကေဲခကကေရ ကရပ WေယအရဆကေယခကWသအယခံ္ပ ္ရနဢဆက Wိ္ဆျကဤနခ ယဠက။ WဥနW၎္Wဲရနဤဆက။”ဧယန္ကWေယအခဧေယဧ ခ WဢခေဢျဢခယဆျWဧကက ္ကကယပဠခWဧလနထဢဆက Wရ္ယဠက ဆ W ္္ကဧ္ရန အဤဆကWယတနယကပရနကကကံဟျWဟပ အ ခ ယနဟ္ခ Wဢ္ကေဲခကကေရ ဧရကအ္ကက Wဧ္ဟက ဧယခ ္ရနWဤယကက ္ခဟ္ခ ယနကကWေလခကအရ ဆ ခW Wရယကဤ္က၍Wေလခကအရဤဆက္ရနWဟေယနဲအျရအေရ။Wေဤခကဢဆက Wဧဤ္ကWေလခ္ကဢနရကဟဆကျWအဟယကပပယက အဟကကျWအ ခ ဢဟက W္ပဟံ္ရယက ပျကျက W ပရနကကကံWW၂ယတနယကပရနကကကံW္WဧေအျဲေယခကကWဧခအျပရနကကကံေယနယဆထWဲ္ကဤနဠကကရပ W္ပ ရနခ ေအ ဧအWလနံထကလရေ လရနထWဢနရကယဆျ္ရ္ေဟျခWအဟယကဟခအရဆက္W “ W ဆ္ရနအ ခ ဢဟက Wေလခ္ကလရနထWဤေသခယအဢရန္ကယခ။W္ပ ရနခ ဧအဟကကဧအWယတနယက္Wိ္ဆျကကရပ Wသဠကပရနကကကံေယန္ေယWက္ယရနထWပရနကကကံ ဧ္္ရယက္နယကဤ္ကဤခကရပ Wရရနထ္နယကေယနေအခ္ကဢခဟဢဆWအဆကအနဠက္္္ကယဆထဢနရကေယယခ။WယတနယကပရနကကကံယဆထWအဟယကဟခပရနကကကံWရအ ေရ္ကက ဢနရကယဆျW WဥနW္ပ ရနခ ေအ WရဆခအျကကWယကပ ္ ”္ရ္ေယရနကက ဟျခWရ္ဤနခ ယခWဧ္နယကဢံန ္Wအဟယကဟခအရဆက္Wဧလရန ယယကW နယက္နယကေယနW္္ဆက ရဆ WေအရခWဤဆက။
  • 289. W W္ဢက္နဟကာပဟျWဢနရက္ရနကက္နကကျအအျရေယဤဆကဥနWဤရအဤဆက။ ၀အ ခ ဢဟက ရရနကက ္ရနWအရဆကယနကက Wေဧ အျခ ေ ေယအရဆကေယခကWဧအဟယက-အယက္နယက W ဝပဠ္ကယဟကယရနထWေလခ္ကဢနရကWဤနခ W W-ဢခဧရန၊W္အဟကက -္ေဟငခဘပ ဠခ ၊W္အဟကက W-အယက္နယက၊W္အဟကက -ဠအယယကအရဆကယဠကW္အဟကက ကဟရေဲဟျW္အဟကက န ထဟျယက ခ ေိ္ခကက Wယတနယကဟပ အ ခW ရရကယယက ဧယရနကကရကက္ံWယကပ Wအလ္ကဤအW အရဆကျပျ္ကWဧေ္ခရရနကက ယနကကWကရပ ္ပ အယကW္ယကW၂၀၂၀ဟဆကအလ္ကကရပ W W္W္္ေရကက ယခ Wေဘ ဢပ Wဤယကက ယနကကWေအရခဲရန ခ ဤဆက။ ayWEey nNW W W၉၀၀ဢေ္္ခကWဧယနကက W္နယကဤနဠကဟပWဧေဟအရ္ယကWေဘၐဢခWဤယက W W၈အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံပျကကျW္နယကဤနဠကဟပယနကကWဢ္ကအျရWWWယတနယကပရနကကကံဤဆက ယကံ္ပ ယခယဟျW နယကအရယကေဤခW္ခအကက ုဠခ ဧအWေလခကအရ ခ ေိ္ခကက Wဠ္နW ၀ဠကေအ ၀ကကျW္အ ဤယက ေအခကက ေ္္ခကအျရWေိ္ခကက W္ပ ရနခ ေအ ပျ W ္ခယဠကယနကကWေလခကအရ ခ ဤဆက။lanWW7ယရယကWအရဆကယနကက နယကW W ေ္္ခကWW၇၀၀ေ္္ခကWယကကရရနထ ခ ကရပ WယတနယကအရဆကဟျWဧေဟအရ္ယကWေဘၐဢခWဤယက W WW၁၉၀အဟယကဟခပရနကကကံ္Wဧေဟအရ္ယကေဘၐဢခWဤယက W Wရ္အျရဤဆက။WအရယကဢဆကWယကကဤနကက ေယဥန W ကကေကနဟ္ခ W၀ကကသခWဢW္Wေအခကက ္္္ဆျအဤဆကျWေ္္ခ္ကဟ္္ကအယယခရနေယခကဟျWအအျရဤဆကျW ၀ဧဲရနရ္Wရဟခာ ဆ ဆယနကကWကရပ ္ဆျဤဆကျWပရန Wဟရ္အျရေဤ ေိ္ခကက Wဤရအဤဆက။ W
  • 290. W
  • 292. ) - W Wယက ဟက သ ေအအရုဠခ ၀ယကံ္ပ Wယခယဟ္ခ အျရWဧဟ္ေရ ဤဟပ W၀ဧ္ရန အ
  • 293. Wယက ဟက ဧခ ဢနံ ၏အခ္ရနကကပပယက ၀WWWWယက ဟက ၀ဆေယကဟျယ ဧဲကျကWဧဟ္ေရ ဤဟပ WWWWယက ဟက ၀ဧဟ္ေရ ဤဟပ WWWWWWယက ဟက ၀္န္နေရ္ကက WWWWWWသဳခေအ ပျ္က Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၈ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၃၉၇WWWW၄၄၀၇၂၁WWWW၈၅၆၇၅၃WWWWWW၂၀၀၉-၂၀၀၈ Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၈ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၄၀၃WWWW၄၃၄၀၁၆WWWW၈၆၁၈၆၈WWWWWWWW၂၀၀၈-၂၀၀၇ Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၇ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၂၉၉WWWW၄၁၅၉၆၅WWWW၈၃၇၄၂၉WWWWWWW၂၀၀၇-၂၀၀၆ Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၈ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၂၄၀၉WWWW၄၂၆၆၂၆WWWW၈၅၉၈၀၃WWWWWWWWW၂၀၀၆-၂၀၀၅ Wအခ္ရနကကပပယက W၂၂ဘဤဟWW၀WWWW၁၉၁၅WWWW၄၁၅၃၂၄WWWW၈၈၅၉၈၈WWWWWWW၂၀၀၅-၂၀၀၄ WW W သဠကဤအWလ္္ကလ္္ကWယရနထဟရ္္က NLD
  • 294. ဆပဢခ္ံံ္ပ W္္ကက ရဟဠကWဲရနယဆျW္္ခ ရ္သဆ။WWကပ ယကကကပ ၊Wကပ ဣကကယကကယရနထWတအ ေိ္ခကကေိ္ခကကWပနရကကဢရန္ကရံနW္ေယချWဘနယရဠWဧံ္ရဟကWရကကဢံနW" ...W"Wဟအျ္ကWဟေိ္ခ္က၊WဟဲပဟဲရနကကWေအရခဢနရ္ကယဆျW္္ခ ၊WဧံျိဤW္အခဢဆက Wေ္ခကက ရ္ယဠက W W ္ဆက ဢံန Wဆပဒယက္ဆျယဆျWဆပဢခ္ံံ္ပ Wအလ္ကရ္ယဠက။WဘပေယထWဘပဧ္္ရယကဟျခW W.……ယဠက္္ဆဲေယနWဧံျိဤWဤနခ ေဢခ္ကေဧခကကWယရနကက အကက ဤခ W န ဧဢဠကဟျခWဢနယကဢရကယဆျWပနရကကကံWဧအလ္ကWအရကယဆကWေယယဠက။W္ရနဠကျိ္ဟ္ခW္ရနဠကလယကယပ WပရနကကယဆျW Wချ႓ ဟခWပနရကကကံံ္ပ ဥခW္ဟ အဟယက ဧေယဧ ခ Wအလ္ကယဠက။Wသဠကေ္ယကW္ဟျWဢရန္ကဟဟပေဧခကကWယဆကကကရဟကWေဧ ္္ဟက ေယယဠက။WပနရကကကံေယခကအဆဲW္ပ ရနခ ေအ ၊Wဢအဟပေအ W ယယဆထဢဆက W္ဆက ္ဟက Wအရဆကျဣကရပ Wဧေအ္ဧေယWေယနဢဆက Wဧယရနကက ဧယခWယ္က္နဧ ရWယရန ယ္ကအဟကကျဟခ Wေယယဠက။Wပနရကကကံေအ Wဧေ ေ္ယကဟပလနံဲကလရေ Wယရန ယ္ကယဆျWဘပဟနရ္ေအ္ပWပရနကကကံေယခကံ္ပ အဆဲWဧ္ရ္ေရ Wေအန ေ္ခ္ကရနံဆ ္ပ W္္ကက ရေယချဟဠက။WဧဆဘပWဧေအ္ဧေယဟ္ေရ ဟျခW Wအရဆကရဧခ ္ရန Wရနဲရယကတရန ေယန္WဟယခဢရနWဣယကယရနအလ္က၊Wဲအခံ္ပ WဟဢနရကအဢရနထWရယကဟံ္ပ W နရ ေလခ္က္္ကကယဆျWဢအယ္က္န္Wဧဟ္ေရ ဟ္ေရ
  • 295. Wလ္္ကဢရနWလ္္ကဲပ Wဢနရကေယိ္ယခWအလ္ကေိ္ခကက Wအရဆကဤအဧခ ဢံန W္ဢဆက WဤေသခWေရ္္ကိ္ရ္ယဠက။ W ဘနယရဠWဧံ္ရဟကWရကကဢံနWဆပဢခ္ံံ္ပ ္ရနW္္ကက ရဟဠကဢရနထWေအရခဢရနထေအရခ၊Wေအန ေ္ခ္ကရနဆ္ရနWဤရရယကေဟျခ္ကဢရနထWေိ္ဆခ္္္ကေယနW ရဠကဟဆWအလ္ကေဧခကကWဢနရကိ္လရနထWေဲခကိဤW္ဆက တံန Wေယိ္ယခW W နယကအရယကဢရနထW နယကအရယက၊WယဠကေယနWဲကက ကရပ Wဟဆဟေရ ိ္လရနထ၊Wဟဆေရ အကကဢဆက ေယနဲအရ္ယဠက။Wဘပဢနရကအရကေယန္ရနWဤအယရနထWဧခ ္ရန ေယိ္ယဆျWအရဆကရWဟပဘပဠခWဧဤံဢေကကျယခယေယနW္ဢဆက Wဧခ ေရ Wဧခ ေအဟနခ္ကW ယန္ဢဆက Wအရေေယိ္ယဠက။WအဟယကဟခWပနရကကကံ္ရနWေ္ယကဤ္ကW္ရနဢရနယပWအရေဢနရိ္ယဆျWဤအယရနထWဲအခံ္ပ ေယနအလ္ကယဆျWဧေယခ္ကဧနရက္နWပနရကကကံေ ဣရနကက ဣယက ရံျရရန Wေရ ေယိ္ယဠကေဢ။WဘပေယချWဤ္ကကဧခ အWဢနရကေယိ္ယဠကေရ္ျ။Wသခရဆအလ္ကအလ္ကWအရဆကဤအWယ္ကအရကဢံန ္Wဢရနဢခ ယဆျW ဘပဟရန္ေအ္ပWဢဟက ေိ္ခကက Wအလ္ကယဆျWေအန ေ္ခ္ကရနWံ္ပ ္ေယချWေဧခကကေဧခကကWအဟကကအဟကကယဆထWကရပ ္ပ ဤနခ ဟျခWအလ္ကကရပ W္ဆက ္ဟက အရဆကျဣကရပ W ဆ ယ္ကယဆျWဘပဟရန္ေအ္ပWပနရကကကံေယခကံ္ပ Wအလ္ကေရၐေအ ္ရနWဧ္ရ္ေရ WပနရကကေယချဟျခWေအဟံ္ပ Wဢ္က္ယကWဟဢဆနရ္ေိ္ခကက W ေ္ယကဟပလနံဲကလရေ Wယရန Wဤရ ခ Wေ္္္ကကရ္ယဠကW္ကကဝ္ခ။ W Wဟ္ေရ ္္္ကေဟခကက W ဝဟခဢခ ၊Wအဟယကဟခဢခ ္နဆအရခ WWေယထ္ကကေအရခဲရနWဤံန ပပယက ေယယဆျW္္ခ ဢံန ေယန ဆဟျခWဧယ္ကဧမရရကခဠကWဟ ကကအျခ ယခ၊Wဧဤရအ္္က္ဆWယ္ကယဆယခေယန၊Wဣရဣ္ဘ ဧအကကက ရနခ ္အခေယနWဧဟ္ခ ဧအရခ အျရိ္ယဆျဧယ္ကWဧဢနယကဧေအ ံ္ပ ယဆျWဧဢနယကဧေအ ံ္ပ ယဆျWဧအကကက ရနခ ္အခW W္္ခ ဢံန ယဢံန ဧေိ္ခကက ္ရနWဘပ္ေယထWေအရခိ္အေဧခကကရ္။
  • 296. W Wရ ဟဲံန ေယချWဤဟရနကက ဣကကWေယ ဤပ္္ကက ယရနဘက္ရနWယခ ဲကကိ္ဆကျိ္ရ္္ရနထ။ W…္ဆW W ဝဟခ ကကအျခ WW×××္ဟငခယ္နကကဟျခအလကကျWW×××ဟ္ေရ တရန ပနဠကဤခWW×××Wအခုဣကကယကက ခ W×××သဠကဟေအရ္အခWW×××ေယခကကကဘ္ယက W W××W၂)က္ယရနထWဝဟခW-ဘရနထဝဟခW(W×××Wဟဥနယကေဢေဢျဤဢခ W×××ဘရနထဝဟခWW-ဆျံိ္ေယချဟျခဢခ WဘရနထဝဝခWW×××ဘရနထေ္ယကယနကကဟျWW××× W၂W)က္ယရနထဝဟခW-ဘ္W( W ဟရနကက ဣကကWဧဟ္ေရ ဤခ ေအ WဢပံထေဲခကWေယ ဤပ္္ကက ံ္ပ ရ္။W ယဠက္္ဆဲေယခကဢျယကေအ ္ရနWေအျဲယယက ္Wကပ ေဲခကက္ဆျယဆျWဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန အဆဲWဤ ဘပဤပ္္ကက ဟျခWဲရနဤနခ ယဆျWဘရနထဝဟခWဲရနယခဥခWအရဆကဟWေအဟအရယကထေဘဤဟျခWေယ ရနကကယဆျWဧဟ္ခ ္နWဢအဟ္ေရ ယဟ္ေရ ယဆက ္ရနWေအရခယခဢခ ။W ယ ရနကကိ္ယျဆWဘ္ဟျဟဥနယကWအျဟက ၊W္္္ကက၊W္အကက၊W္ဠခ ၊Wဟနယက၊Wအ္ရနကက၊W္္ကက Wဧရ္ဧဣကကWပရနကကကံယ္နဢံန Wဧယနကက ဟျခWဟျပယကက ေ Wဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန ္ရနWဲရနဢရနယခရ္ဢခ ။WေဤခယအျကကယရနထWသဠကဢရန ကကရ္ဤဢဆ။ W W-ဘ္W(W××W၂)က္ယရနထWဝဟခW-ဘရနထဝဟခW(W×××ဟဥနယကေဢေဢျဤဢခ WW×××ဘရနထဝဟခWW-ဆျံိ္ေယချဟျခဢခ WဘရနထဝဝခWW×××ဘရနထေ္ယကယနကကဟျW W၂W)က္ယရနထဝဟခ W ဘရနထဝဟခWဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ဢရနထWေ္ၐဤဢဆ္ရနWW္ဆက ဧတံန WဢရနထWဟေ္ၐသဆWသခေိ္ခကကျဟျခWဘရနထအဟယကဟခWဧW၂၁၅ဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ဤဟရနကက W္ခဟ္္ကပျခW အျကက ဢကက Wလနကကျဲရန ခ ရ္ယဠက။WအဟယကဟခWဲရနယခဥခWအရဆကဟWေအဟအရယကထေဘဤဟျခWေယ ရနကကယဆျဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနဤခေ္ၐယခWအလ္ကယဠက။W
  • 297. အဟယကဟခရေဘဤအခုကေယနWေရ ခ ယဆျယခဟဆကWအလ္ကယဠက။Wဢအဟ္ေရ ံ္ပ ဣ္ဘဤေသခWရ္ဣကကယဠက။Wဘ္ျေိ္ခကကျWဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန ၊W ကကယဆျWပရနကကကံ္ရနWအဟယကဟခယဟ္ေရ ယဆက ဧရရနကကဧအလ္ကWဤံန ပပယက ယခဥခWဟဟျယက္ယကသအ ။Wဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန W ယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဧခ ဢံန Wရ္ဣ Wဧ္္ေံ ဣကကယဆျပရနကကကံ္ရနWဝဟခပရနကကကံWဢရနထေ္ၐဟျဤခWဆပဆနယကဟျယက္ယကဟဠကဢရနထWဧယရဧဢကက Wလနကကျဲရန ခ ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။ W W…Wပရန အဆဲWဧအဟကက္ေယချဘပေယချWရဆခအျကကေယန္ေအခWသဠကဢရနအဟကကရ္ဤဢဆ။WသခဤခေဝဘရဆခအျကကWဲအခWေဟခကကဤခ W...္ဆW W ဝဟခ္Wဟအဢဝ္၊Wအဝဥ္ခW္Wဢခယခ္ရန ။Wဝ ္က္္ေရ္ကWဥအ္ကWဥWဟWဲကကျ၊Wအဝဥ္ခW္Wဢခယခ္ရန ။Wအဝဥ္ခW္ေယကရပ ေယချWဝဟခW “ အလ္ကဤနခ ယခ။Wဧဆဘ္္ရနဟျ ရကကရပ ေယချWဝဟခW္ရနWဝ ္က္္ေရ္ကယဆထWဟWယဆထWေအရခကက ကရပ ေယချWအဟယကဟခWအလ္ကဤနခ ယခ။WဧဆေယချWအဟယကဟခ္Wဘနယရဠ၊W ဧမရ္Wရကကဟအလ္ကယဠက။Wဧဆဢရနဠအဲရ္ယဠက၊WရဆခအျရေယနWဠအဲိ္ယဠက။Wေယခ္ကယ္္WဧဆဘပWဝဟခယဆထWအဟယကဟခW Wအဝဥ္ခWဲရနယဆျWဝဟခ္ ဟျခ္Wဧ ္ဢရရကေ္ယက္Wဣံဤခပနေ္ယက္Wဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ေ္ယက္Wဤအယရနထ္Wဝ ္က္္ေရ္ကWဟWေအ ္္Wဟခ္ရနW္္ကက ေ္ခ၊W WW္္္ကကေ္ခ၊W္အကကေ္ခ၊Wအဟယကဟခေ္ခWဧခ ဢံန ဧယန္ကWဤယကဟျယကယဠက။ W ္္ေယခကယရနထ၊W္ကကဝ္ခ ယရနထေရ္ျေဢWဧယန္ကရဆWဤယကဟျယကယဠက။WဧဆဘပဢရနWဧဠအဧဲအျရယဠကဢရနထW္္ေယခကျ္ရနW Wအဟယကဟခ္ရနေယချWအဟယကဟခဢအဟ္ေရ ယေဢခဲပ္Wေဤဲံန ဤနခ ယဆျWဤ္ကကW္ကကဆနယကထ္Wေအယံေ္္ခကက Wဤ္ကကW္ကကဆနယကထ္Wေအရခလအ ယဠကဝ္။Wဧ္နWေအရခကက အရယကအလ္ကေယကရပယဆျW ဢ ္ရနWေ္ၐယခဢရနထWအလ္ကေယယဠက။Wဘ္ဥခWက္ယနရထW အဟယကဟခ္W္္္ကကေအခ၊W္အကကေအခ၊Wအျဟက ေ္ခ္ရနWေ္ၐယခ။Wဝဟခ္ဟျWဘပဢအဟ္ေရ ေ ဣံဤခပနေ္ယက္ဥခယဆထWေအရခကက အရယကဢရနထWဤ္ကကW္ကကဆနယကထ္Wေအရခယဠကဝ္။Wဘပေ္ယက္္ဟျWသဠကဢရနဢနရကကရပ ေယချWေအရခကက အရယကအလ္ကဤနခ ဤဢဆW W”ဟဤရသအ
  • 298. W ။Wဘ္ေယန္ရနWေအရခကက အရယကဢျယကရ္ကဤအဧအလ္ကWဧဟ္ခ ယခ ဢဆက ခ ိ္ယခ္ေယချWဤနခ ေဢဤအWဝရနဢက္္ေရကေယဣကက Wအလ္ကရ္ယဠက ဝရနဢက္္ေရကေယဣကက အဆဲWဝဟခ္ခWဝဟခ္္ခ ဟျခWဣကကေအခ္က္န္ကလ္ကWရ္ဣကကဟပေယနဧယ္က္Wယ္နWအလ္ကရ္ယဠက။Wဝရနဢက္္ေရကေယဣကက အဆဲWဘပဧေဟန္ရနW W္နပျ္ကဟျခWဧဤံန အရေ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။W၁၉၈၉ဤအထအဆဲဢ္ကအကက ယရဆကျဢရနထWေအရခဲရနေဢျအျရိ္ယဆျWဝရနဢက္္ေရက္ကကဆနယကထ္Wပရနကကကံေအ Wအဆကအနဠက္္္ကယဆထW W ဧခ ဢံန Wဧရ္ဧဣကကအလ္ကယဆျပရနကကကံ္ရနWအဟယကဟခဢရနထWဤံန အဟဠက၊Wအရဆကဟ္Wဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနWဝဟခဢရနထWဤံန အဟဠကဲရနကရပ ေယချW ယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဢအဟ္ေရ ဧမရရကခဠကေအရခကက အရယကWဤယကဟျယကကရပ ေယချWဤံန ္နဆလရနထWဧဟရယကထ နယကအရယက္ဆျယခWအလ္ကရ္ယဠက။Wဝဟခပရနကကကံဢံန ဲရနကကအခW လနဆထဧအလ္ကWေဤ ဤရဟကေဧခကကဢနရကကရပ Wေ္္ခကက ဤခ ေယန္ရနဢဆက W ေ္္ခကကဤခ ဤဟ ၓဟ္ခ ဧလနထ္္ေရက္ရနWဢအဟ္ေရ ္နWယ္နယဆက အဆဲဧ ဆ Wဤေသခ ခ ္နဢနဆဟပအလ္ကေဧခကကWေဤန ္နဆ္ဆျယဆျဢနရကအရကဧအလ္ကWဧဆဘပဧ္္ရယက္Wဢအဤရဟ္ခ ္ဆျရ္ယဠက။ ဆ W ္္ေယခက္ေယချWဘရနထဝဟခဧ္ဆက ဧတံန ္ရနWေ ခ္က္ံယဠက၊W္ခေရေအ ဧအေယချWေ ခ္က္ံယဠကဝ္ခ၊Wသခေိ္ခကကျဢဆဲရနေယချW “ ္္ေရ္ကWဟခW္Wအဝဥ္ခW္Wဢခယခ။Wအဝဥ္ခWဲရနယခ္Wရ္ဦရေရ္ျဝ္ခ။Wဧရပာရဠဟျခဢဆက W္န ္က ရရဆW ္နယေအရခဤဢရနရဆWဝဟခဲရနယဆျWဝ ္က အဟယကဟခ္ရနWအဝဟ္ခWေ္ၐိ္ယခရဆ။Wဝဟခ္ခ္ရနWသခအဟပWဢရနထေ္ၐယဠက။Wအဟယကဟခ္္ခ ဲရနအကကWသခအဟပသခဤခWဢရနထWေ္ၐယဠကဝ္။WဝဟခW ဣကကWအယက္နယက၊Wဟပသေဢ ္Wဢအယ္န္ရနW ္ဤခဢျ္ကကWယအရဆကဢံန ္ရနWအ္ံေယဆျဧအဟကကWအလ္ကယဠက။Wအဟယကဟခ္W္ကကဝ္ခ ယရနထ၊W္္ေယခကယရနထWဧရ္ဧ W”ေ္ၐယခ။Wအျဟက ၊W္္္ကကWဟရ္သအ W ဲအခWကပ ေ္ခ နယက ္ေယချW ရနကက ကံဟျခဢဆက Wဝဟခဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနWလဟခWဢရနထW Wဧပဢနပပနရေ္ကWယ္ၑဤရနဢက္Wဧကကရဟက ္ခ Wအဟယကဟခ္ခWရ္ေဟခ္ၒ
  • 299. W...Wေ္ၐယခ္ရနဢဆက W္ကက ္ခ ္အခဧအလ္ကWေ ခ္ကအရရ္ယဠက။Wဘ္ျဧအရကက W ္္ေယချWရ္ဦရဧသရမခယက ဆဟျခဲရနအကကWအဟယကဟခအရဆကဲရနယခ္ရနWအဝဥ္ခWေဘဤWဲရနကရပ ေယချWအဝဥ္ခW အဟယကဟခအရဆက္ရနရဆWရ္ဦရအျရယဆျဧ္္ “ ဲရနကရပ ေယချWအရယခအျရယဠက။Wေယခ္ကWဲအခေယခကံ္ပ ေယန္Wအဝဥ္ခWဢရနထWေအ ိ္ယခေယနWအျရယဠက။Wဧဆဘပ္ေယကရပ ေယချW W”ဧဤံေအရခကက ကရပ ေယချWဝဟခWဢရနထWအလ္ကဟဠကဲရနဢဆက ရဆWအလ္က္နကကျေယချWအျရယခရဆ W ဟအရယကထေယဢအဟ္ေရ ္ရနWအဟယကဟခWဧအလ္ကWေ္္ခ္က္ခေအ နကက ္ဆျယဆျWဧေ ခ္ကဧ ခ ေယနWေယနထ္ဆျအယခ္ရနဢဆက WဲအခW ရန ံေ္ယကဟျခေယချWေအ Wကပ ေ္ခ နယက ္Wဧ္နဢရနWေအရခအရရ္ယဠက။ W ဟနယကေယန္WဤအယရနထWေ္္ခ္က္ခေယနW ရန ယခWအျရယဠက။Wဟနယကေ္္ခ္က္ခ ဆဟျခW္္ယက္္ကဤခ ဢ္က ္က္Wဢအေယနဧေိ္ခကက W “ W”ရဆWဤအယရနထWေအရခယခရ္ရဆWေအရခေယချWဝဟခေယန္ရနWဤအယရနထ္WဟအဟခWဢရနထ W Wဥနယက္ဆျဲအခ၊Wယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဢအဟ္ေရ ဧခ ဢံန ္ရနWအဟယကဟခဢရနထWဤံန ္ဆျယခဟ္ေရ ေအခWဧေ ခ္ကဧ ခ Wေယနထဟရ္ဆျဤဢခ ဲအခ။ W- W ဤဟရနကက ေိ္ခကက ဧအ္ေယချWအဟယကဟခဲရနယခဢဆက Wဝဟခ၊Wဝဟခဲရနယခဢဆက WအဟယကဟခWအလ္က္ဆျေယချWယရနကက အကက ဤခ ဧခ ဢံန ္ရနWအ္ံေကရပ ေယချW “ W”ဟ္ေရ ေယချWအျရယဠကဢရနထWဟေအရခပရနကကသအ ေဢ။Wဘ္္ေယချWေယခ္ကဟျWပရနကကကံေအ ဧအWဤယကဟျယက္္္ကWယ္နေရ္ျေဢ အဟယကဟခဢရနထWေ္ၐယခ W