Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control and can begin in different parts of the breast such as the lobules, ducts, or connective tissue. Signs of breast cancer include breast lumps, nipple discharge, or changes in breast appearance. Risk factors include being female, increasing age, family history, obesity, alcohol consumption, and not being physically active. Prevention methods consist of maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, limiting alcohol intake, and avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure. In Iraq, breast cancer rates have been increasing from 2000-2009 with the highest incidence rates among women ages 50-59.

1. DONE BY :
MUSTAFAKHALILIBRAHIM

2. ALISAADYALIBRAHIMI
ALITARIQ
Breastcancer:-
is a disease in which cells in the breast grow out of control.
There are different kinds of breast cancer. The kind of breast cancer
depends on which cells in the breast turn into cancer.
Breast cancer can begin in different parts of the breast:
1- Lobule (the glands that producemilk).
2- Ducts (tubes that carry milk to the nipple).
3- Connective tissue (which consists of fibrous and fatty tissue)(
surrounds and holds everything together) .
*Most breast cancers begin in the ducts or lobules.
*Breast cancer can spread outside the breast through blood vessels and
lymph vessels.
Signsandsymptoms:
 A breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding
tissue
 Bloody discharge from the nipple
 Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast
 Changes to the skin over the breast, such as dimpling
 A newly inverted nipple
 Peeling, scaling or flaking of the pigmented area of skin surrounding
the nipple (areola) or breast skin

3.  Redness or pitting of the skin over your breast, like the skin of an
orange
is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women,Breast cancer
with approximately 182,000 women diagnosed with breast cancer
annually in the United States, accounting for approximately 26% of all
incident cancers among women.

4. Mortality:
Each year, 40,000 women die of breast cancer, making it the
leading cause of cancer deaths among American women after-second
lung cancer. The lifetime risk of dying of breast cancer is approximately
.3.4%
Deaths per 100,000:Number of New Cases and
The number of new cases of female breast cancer was 125.0 per 100,000
.women per year

5. bidity:rMo
The international incidence of female breast cancer varies markedly,
being highest in the United States and Northern Europe, intermediate in
Southern and Eastern Europe and South America, and lowest in Asia.
te of breast canceradjusted incidence ra-From 1983 to 1987, the age
varied by factor of about 5 between countries. However, incidence rates
incidence Asian countries,-have been rising in traditionally low
particularly in Japan, Singapore, and urban areas of China, as these
style economy and pattern-ward a Westernregions make the transition to
of reproductive behavior.
In the United States, approximately 231,840 new cases of female invasive
breast cancer are predicted to occur in 2015, along with 2350 cases in
men

7. Risk factors:
Factors that are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer include:
 Being female
 Increasing age.
 A personal history of breast cancer.
 A family history of breast cancer.
 Inherited genes that increase cancer risk.
 Radiation exposure.
 Obesity.
 Beginning your period at a younger age.
 Beginning menopause at an older age.
 Having your first child at an older age.
 Postmenopausalhormone therapy.
 Drinking alcohol.
 Late or no pregnancy
 Not being physically active.
 Having dense breasts.
 Early menstrual period
Prevention :
 Keep a healthy weight.
 Exercise regularly (at least four hours a week).
 Research shows that lack of nighttime sleep can be a risk factor.
 Don’t drink alcohol, or limit alcoholic drinks to no more than one per
day.
 Avoid exposure to chemicals that can cause cancer (carcinogens) and
chemicals that interfere with the normal function of the body.
 Limit exposure to radiation from medical imaging tests like X-rays,
CT scans, and PET scans if not medically necessary.

8.  If you are taking, or have been told to take, hormone replacement
therapy or oral contraceptives (birth control pills), ask your doctor
about the risks and find out if it is right for you.
 Breastfeed any children you may have, if possible.
IN IRAQ:DISTRIBUTION

12. Figure: trends in annual incidence reate of all female breast cancer in Iraq
by age croup over the period 2000-2009
Figure: trends in annual incidence rate of all female breast cancer in Iraq
(all age) by age croup over the period 2000-2009

13. Figure: trends in annual incidence rate of all female breast cancer in Iraq
over the period 2000-2009.

14. Preventing in Iraq :
Preventing disease in Iraq was seen as the function of nutrition and
cleanliness, not doctors.As one said, ‘‘Themost important thing is the
vegetables and fruits.’’ Women’s notions of a healthy diet were
multidimensional, and most did not rely on herbal remedies except for
nominal
Remedies like chamomile tea. Women linked health main- tenance to
strict cleanliness: ‘‘Ofcoursecleanliness is the most important thing. If a
personis clean and adhering to healthy habits and cleanliness then , of
course, this is the biggest prevention from disease.’’

15. brest cancer agestructure:
breast cancer Georgia
Georgian population : 2236200
Year Total cases New cases
incidence rate
Prevalence rate
2002 7892 1240
55.4
177
2003 8174 1015 184
Age group new cases population Age specific
incidence
0-24 0 1461600 0
25-29 4 342600 0.17
30-34 16 318000 0.71
35-39 33 307300 1.47
40-44 89 294800 3.97
45-49 65 337100 2.90
50-54 114 301400 5.09
55-59 133 259700 5.94
60-64 149 192000 6.66
65-69 118 153800 5.27
70-74 116 200500 5.18
75-79 85 129000 3.80
80-84 68 91400 3.04
85+ 33 47100 1.47
total 1023 4436400 45.67

16. 45.3
2004 7230 1156
51.6
163
2005 7614 1216
54.3
171
2006 8448 1211
54.1
190
2007 8393 1023
46
189
2008 9019 1117
50
203
2009 8655 952
43
195
Cancer morbidity , Georgia
2000-2009
Population : 4436400
years Total new cases Incidence
rate(*100000)
Prevalence
rate*1000000
2000 37852 5737 129 853
2001 30542 6580 148 686
2002 36686 7117 160 827
2003 34124 7092 160 769
2004 43338 8564 193 977
2005 40902 8444 190 922
2006 46365 8186 184 1045
2007 47580 7445 167 1072
2008 46455 8886 200 1047
2009 59000 13001 293 1330

17. References:
 http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/
 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1947145-overview
 http://www.moh.gov.iq/(ministryofhealthin iraq)
 pictures with sources