1. Historical Context to 9/11/2001

2. Objectives
1. Understand the political contours of Egypt
in the 1950’s
2. Understand how the Cold War shaped
American and Soviet foreign policy
towards the Middle East
1. Understand how the World Wars shaped
the history of the Middle East

3. Ottoman Empire

4. A War to End All Wars

5. Gallipoli

6. Arab Resistance

7. Why did the Arabs resist the
Ottoman Empire

8. The Mandate System

9. The Holocaust

10. Israel, 1948

11. Pan-Arab Nationalism vs. The
Muslim Brotherhood

12. Nasser,1952
Came to power in
the context of the
Cold War.
Aligned Egypt with
the Soviet Union.
Wanted to defeat
Israel.

13. Soviet Union
Dialectical
Materialism
Atheism

14. Sayyid Qutb 1906-1966
Born in an Egyptian Village
Raised on the Koran
1929-1933 Educated in Cairo
1939 Official in Ministry
of Education

15. 1948 – 1950
Scholarship to the U.S.

16. r

18. “The most important thing for these people is the
tending of their gardens.”

20. “Arms circled waists, lips met lips, chests met
chests, and the atmosphere was full of passion.”

21. "'Let them kill Nasser.
What is Nasser but
one among many?
My fellow
countrymen, stay
where you are. I am
not dead, I am alive,
and even if I die all of
you is Gamal Abd al-
Nasser.'"

22. Imprisoned
Milestones
In the Shade of the Koran
Jahiliyyah (Preaching and
Jihad)
Executed in 1966

23. Mohammed
Qutb fled to
Saudia Arabia

24. Nasser Fails to Defeat Israel

27. Nasser Dies in
1970
Anwar Sadat
(Tried to work
with the Muslim
Brotherhood)

30. Ibn Saud gives U.S. Rites in 1933 (Standard
Oil Co.) ¼ Planet’s Oil Reserves (ARAMCO)

31. Mohammed bin Laden (1908-1967)

32. An estimated
$18 Billion in
religious
buildings alone

33. Married 22 times and sired 54 children
Was a devout Muslim

34. 17th
Child
Born in 1957

35. Osama Bin-Laden is introduced to the works of Sayyid Qutb
through the preaching of Mohammad Qutb and other Islamic
preachers of Jihad

37. 1988
al-Qaeda = Base

38. Osama bin Laden—Returns a hero
(humble, affable, quintessential hero)

39. Osama claims to have a dream
about Saddam Hussein

41. Osama seeks an
audience with
King Fahd

46. Gulf War

49. Kenya and Tanzania Bombings