The document discusses the ongoing water dispute between the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka over water from the Cauvery River. It outlines that in 2007 the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal awarded Tamil Nadu 419 tmcft of water annually, more than double the interim award of 205 tmcft given in 1991. However, Karnataka was unhappy with this final award. In 2016, Tamil Nadu petitioned the Supreme Court saying Karnataka had not released the required amount of water, while Karnataka said low rainfall meant it could not release more water. The Supreme Court then increased Karnataka's share by 14.75 tmcft while proportionately reducing Tamil Nadu's share.

5. OZONE FORMATION

21. ENVIRONMENT
SUMMITS

72. The great Indian bustard program

76. Verdict
• The Centre constituted the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) in 1990 to resolve the dispute following a
Supreme Court order. The tribunal gave Tamil Nadu 205 tmcft (thousand million cubic feet) in an interim order in
1991.
• In 2007, The tribunal declared its final award, in which it said Tamil Nadu should receive 419 tmcft of water, more
than double of the interim order. Karnataka wasn’t pleased. The award required Karnataka to release 192 tmcft of
water to Tamil Nadu in ten monthly instalments every year. The Centre made the notification of the award public
only in 2013, after the Supreme Court ordered it do so.
• Before the 2007 order, Tamil Nadu had asked for 562 tmcft - roughly three-fourths of the water available in the
Cauvery basin - and Karnataka had asked for 465 tmcft - around two-thirds of the available water.
• In August 2016, the Tamil Nadu government sought the Supreme Court's intervention, saying that there was a deficit
of 50.0052 tmcft (thousand million cubic feet) of water released from Karnataka reservoirs, with respect to the
mininum limit prescribed by the CDWT. The state said its farmers needed more water to begin cultivating samba - a
kind of rice grown in the state. The Karnataka government responded by saying it wouldn't be able to release any
more Cauvery water, as low rainfall during the monsoon had left its reservoirs half-empty
• Delivering its final verdict on the civil appeals filed by the riparian states (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala)
against the decision of the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal in 2007, the apex court's three-judge bench increased
Karnataka's share by 14.75 tmcft (thousand million cubic feet), including 4.75 tmcft more water to Bengaluru. The
verdict proportionately reduced Tamil Nadu's share to 177.25 tmcft from 192 tmcft, saying the Tribunal had not taken
into account the ground water available there in the river basin.