3. John Maynard Keynes and Harry Dexter White at
the Bretton Woods Conference

4. •Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)
•General Agreement on Trade in Services
(GATS)
•Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights Agreement(TRIPs)
•Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS)
Agreement
•Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
(TBT)
V
S

6. Established: 1st January 1995.
Created by: Uruguay Round negotiations (198694).
Budget: 185 million Swiss francs for 2008.
Secretariat staff: 625.
Head: Pascal Lamy (Director-General).
Membership: Countries on map. 153 countries (on
23 July 2008).
New member: Ukraine

7. Albania · Angola · Antigua and Barbuda · Argentina · Armenia · Australia · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Benin · Bolivia · Bots
Albania · Angola · Antigua and Barbuda · Argentina · Armenia · Australia ·
Bahrain · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Benin · Bolivia · Botswana · Brazil ·
Brunei · Burkina Faso · Burma · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Canada ·
Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Chile · PR China · Colombia ·
Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Costa Rica ·
Côte d'Ivoire · Croatia · Cuba · Djibouti · Dominica · Dominican Republic ·
Ecuador · Egypt · El Salvador · European Union¹ · Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) · Fiji · Gabon · The Gambia · Georgia ·
Ghana · Grenada · Guatemala · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Haiti ·
Honduras · Hong Kong² · Iceland · India · Indonesia · Israel · Jamaica · Japan ·
Jordan · Kenya · South Korea · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Lesotho · Liechtenstein ·
Macau² · Madagascar · Malawi · Malaysia · Maldives · Mali · Mauritania ·
Mauritius · Mexico · Moldova · Mongolia · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia ·
Nepal · New Zealand · Nicaragua · Niger · Nigeria · Norway · Oman · Pakistan ·
Panama · Papua New Guinea · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Qatar · Rwanda ·
St. Kitts and Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Vincent and the Grenadines · Saudi Arabia ·
Senegal · Sierra Leone · Singapore · Solomon Islands · South Africa · Sri Lanka ·
Suriname · Swaziland · Switzerland · Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan,
Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu³ · Tanzania · Thailand · Togo · Tonga ·
Trinidad and Tobago · Tunisia · Turkey · Uganda · Ukraine ·
United Arab Emirates · United States · Uruguay · Venezuela · Vietnam ·
Zambia · Zimbabwe

11. PRINCIPAL OF TRADING
•Non-Discrimination.
•Reciprocity.
•Binding & enforceable
commitments
•Transparency
•Safety valves.

12. WTO CONFERENCES
•WTO Ministerial Conference of
1996
Singapore
•WTO Ministerial Conference of
1998
Geneva in Switzerland.
•WTO Ministerial Conference of
1999
Seattle, Washington

13. WTO CONFERENCES
•WTO Ministerial Conference of
2001
Doha, Qatar
•WTO Ministerial Conference of
2003
Cancún, Mexico
•WTO Ministerial Conference of
2005.
Hong Kong

14. Advantages of WTO.
•Freer trade cuts the cost of living
•It gives consumers more choice, & a broader range of
qualities to choose from.
•Trade raises incomes.
•Trade stimulates economic growth, & that can be good
news for employment
•The basic principles make the system economically more
efficient, & they cut costs.
•The system allows disputes to be handled
constructively.
•A system based on rules rather than power makes life
easier for all.

15. Disadvatage of WTO
•The WTO dictates policy
•The WTO is for free trade at any cost
•The WTO destroys jobs, worsens poverty
•Small countries are powerless in the WTO
•Weaker countries are forced to join the WTO
•The WTO is the tool of powerful lobbies
•Non-tariff barriers
•Competition

17. Please clarify ur
Doubt ………