1. The document summarizes a transverse test conducted on a timber beam. The beam was 5 inches deep, 1.625 inches wide, and had an effective span of 27 inches. (2) Various loads from 1 to 6 tons were applied to the beam and the resulting deflections were recorded from 0.0393 to 0.472 inches. (3) The document also provides background information on timber, the seasoning process, common defects in timber, and uses of timber.
1. University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar
Mini Project
Transverse test on timber
Submitted by:
M. Yahya (15PWCIV4491)
(Supervision by:Asst. Prof. Mansoor Khan )
2. Transverse test on timber
What is transverse test?
. If force act on piece of materialin such away that they tend to include
Compressive stress over one part of cross section and one part of tensile
Stress over the remaining part , the piece is said to be bending
When a beam is acted upon by transverse loads the bending action
Can be observed.
3. 3
TIMBER:
The wood which is suitable
or fit for engineering
construction or engineering
purpose is called timber.
5. SEASONING OF TIMBER:
As fresh timber which is obtained
from trees contains about 30 to 40
% sap or moisture. This sap is very
harmful for the life of a timber.
Therefore, it is necessary to remove
that sap by applying some special
methods. All those methods which
are used for removing the sap from
timber are collectively termed as
seasoning of timber.
5
6. Advantages of seasoned timber:
• It has reduced weight,
• It is strong and durable,
• It has resistance to decay or rot,
• It takes high polish,
• It is easier to work,
• Its life is more.
6
7. Types of Timber Seasoning:
The main types of timber seasoning are as under.
(1)Natural Seasoning,
(2)Artificial Seasoning,
(a) Kiln Seasoning,
(b) Chemical Seasoning,
(c) Electric Seasoning,
(3) Water Seasoning,
7
8. USES OF TIMEBR:
Timber is used in:
1.Building construction,
2.Construction of house posts,
3.Construction of beams,
4.Construction of rafters,
5.Construction of bridges,
6.Construction of piles, poles and railway sleepers,
8
9. 7. For furniture making,
8. For light packing cases,
9. For high packing cases (for machinery and similar stores),
10. For manufacturing of agricultural implements,
11. For making toys, etc,
12. For manufacturing of veneers and ply woods.
9
10. • DEFECTS IN TIMBER:
Most common defects in timber are:
1. Heart Shakes
2. Star Shakes
3. Cup Shakes
4. Radial Shakes
5. Rind Galls
6. Wind Cracks
7. Knots
8. Dead Wood
10
