2. Study Stakeholders: Stakeholders are individuals or groups that are interested in, have an impact on, or are impacted by the findings of a research study. Stakeholders include people who are in favor of your research as well as those who may be against it or perhaps have negative opinions about it. Do your research after identifying possible stakeholders. Start by conducting online research to determine an organization's mission, points of overlap with your goals, reputational status, amount of activity, public profile, critical contact information, etc. In addition to internet intelligence, networking with individuals over the phone and in person is important to gather knowledge that might not be available online. 1. Identify Stakeholders The Project Communications Management Knowledge Area's initial process, Identify Stakeholders, is a member of the Initiating process group. During this phase, all project stakeholders must be identified and their interests, impacts, and potentially harmful effects on the project must be documented. Identification of stakeholders should start as early in the project as possible and continue throughout. Finding people and outside organizations that might be relevant is the first step in stakeholder relations. For instance, certain groups may be immediately impacted by an initiative (positively or negatively), have the ability to influence or control it, and have a stake in whether it succeeds or fails. An efficient technique to find people or organizations who may be under the radar but are nevertheless influential is to audit the online dialogues that are taking place in the digital domain in addition to searching traditional media and industry publications. At this point, it's critical to use a wide net. Stakeholder analysis is the process of identifying these individuals prior to the start of the project, classifying them according to their levels of involvement, interest, and influence, and figuring out the best ways to involve and communicate with each of these stakeholder groups throughout the project. Each stakeholder is identified in a stakeholder analysis (SA), which also analyzes their level of interest in and influence over the project's outcomes. It also describes their needs or desires with regard to the project and determines whether they are primary (key, directly involved) or secondary stakeholders. You may manage the expectations of the stakeholders, ensure that they are all actively involved in contributing to the project's success, and develop a strategy for dealing with stakeholders who do not share the project's goals if you have an understanding of their requirements and concerns. You must plan your research and messaging strategy with the help of your SA. Once your project has started to be implemented, you must routinely revisit your SA and review it to ensure that each stakeholder is being included in the right way. Making a matrix, such an Alignment, Interest and Influence Matrix.

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Human Needs
Abraham Harold Maslow
“According to Maslow's theory, all
needs have a certain priority. Needs
of one level must at least be partially
fulfilled before a person can realize
higher needs.” (Ryder/Decker, 391)

2. What are Maslow’s Human
Needs?
Self-actualization
Esteem Needs
Love and Acceptance Needs
Safety and Security Needs
Physical Needs
Can you guess
what Maslow’s
levels of needs
are?

3. Physical needs
 Food
 Water
 Air
 Shelter
 Clothing
These items are essential for good health and well-
being, and for continuation of life.
What did Maslow mean by
physical needs?
What physical needs do every
person have?

4. Physical needs
 In your learning log, consider these
questions? Write your answers in
complete sentences.
 Are you meeting these needs for your well
being and good health?
 Who provides these needs for you?
 Could you provide these needs for a baby?

5. Safety and Security Needs
 Staying well, avoiding being ill
 Avoiding danger
 Safe circumstances
 Stability
 Protection
 Structure, for order, some limits
How do these
safety and security
needs relate to you?

6. Safety and Security Needs
 In the ordinary American adult, this set
of needs manifests itself in the form of
our urges to have a home in a safe
neighborhood, a little job security and a
nest egg, a good retirement plan and a
bit of insurance, and so on.
 Which of these are met for you?
 Which of these needs could you provide for
a baby?

7. Love and Acceptance Needs
 Friends, sweetheart, children,
affectionate relationships in general,
even a sense of community
What are some examples of love
and acceptance you see in your
life?

8. The Esteem needs
 Self-esteem
 The need for the respect of others, the
need for status, fame, glory, recognition,
attention, reputation, appreciation, dignity,
even dominance.
 Self-respect
 Confidence, competence, achievement,
mastery, independence, and freedom

9. Self-actualization
 According to Maslow, only a small
percentage of the world’s population is
truly, predominantly, self-actualizing.
Can you think of people who fit into
the self-actualization category?

10. Self-actualization
 Knowledge and appreciation of beauty, goodness,
freedom and a realistic view and acceptance of self
and others.
 Reality-centered, differentiate what is fake and
dishonest from what is real and genuine.
 Problem-centered, treating life’s difficulties as
problems demanding solutions, not as personal
troubles to be railed at or surrendered to.
 Different perception of means and ends, felt
that the ends don’t necessarily justify the means,
that the means could be ends themselves, and that
the means -- the journey -- was often more
important than the ends.