This power point talks about groundwater quality and groundwater pollution, written by engineer Mohamed Osman Haidar who lives in Somalia and is a student at Plasma University.
This power point was originally a presentation suggested by a students of Plasma University, one of whom is Mohamed Osman Hadiar, but he wrote it directly.
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groundwater Quality and Pollution
1. -
Collage of Engineering & Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
BCE VI
Plasma university ةعماج مجالب
Groundwater Quality & Pollution
HYDROLOGY
2. Plasma University
Collage of Engineering & Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
HYDROLOGY
Semester VI
Year 3
Group presentation-Name:
• Mohamud Warsame Ahmed
• Mohamed Adam Isack
• Abdifattah Mustaf Shoble
• Mohamed osman Adam
3. Groundwater Quality
Groundwater quality refers to the chemical, physical, and biological
properties of groundwater, which make it suitable or unsuitable for human
and environmental use.
Groundwater is used for irrigation, drinking and domestic uses. It is a natural
and limited source of water. Groundwater also plays an important role in
both the ecosystem and economy of developing countries like Somalia.
4. • Water is a solvent and dissolves minerals from the rocks with which it
comes in contact.
• Ground water may contain dissolved minerals and gases that give it the
tangy taste enjoyed by many people without these minerals and gases,
the water would taste flat.
The most common dissolved mineral substances are sodium, calcium,
magnesium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate. In water
chemistry, these substances are called common constituents.
Groundwater Quality
5. • Water typically is not considered desirable for drinking if the quantity of
dissolved minerals exceeds 1000 mg/L (milligrams per liter).
• Water with a few thousand mg/L of dissolved minerals is classed as slightly
saline, but it is sometimes used in areas where less mineralized water is not
available.
Water from some wells and springs contains very large concentrations of
dissolved minerals and cannot be tolerated by humans and other animals or
plants.
Groundwater Quality
6. • Dissolved mineral constituents can be hazardous to animals or plants in large
concentrations; for example, too much sodium in the water may be harmful to
people who have heart trouble, Boron is a mineral that is good for plants in
small amounts, but is toxic to some plants in only slightly larger
concentrations.
Water that contains a lot of calcium and magnesium is said to be hard.
The hardness of water is expressed in terms of the amount of calcium
carbonate.
Groundwater Quality
7. Groundwater Quality
Understanding TDS and its role of drinking water
TDS stands for Total Dissolved Solids and refers to the total concentration of dissolved
substances in drinking water.
TDS can consist of both organic and inorganic matter. Dissolved solids in water are mainly
salts that have positively charged ions and other matter that has negatively charged
particles.
8. Inorganic salts are made up of the positively charged cations (calcium,
magnesium, potassium and sodium) and negatively charged anions
(carbonates, nitrates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulfates).
The mineral water we drink today is not as pure as we would want it to be.
Groundwater Quality
9. Groundwater Quality
Importance of TDS in Drinking Water
TDS in drinking water originates from places like natural sources, sewage, urban run-offs,
industrial wastewater, chemicals in the water treatment process, chemical fertilizers used in the
garden and plumbing.
The importance of TDS in drinking water is significant as high levels of TDS can affect the taste,
odor, and appearance of water.
In addition, high TDS levels can pose health risks in some cases. For example, high levels of
sodium in drinking water can be harmful to people with high blood pressure or other health
conditions.
10. TDS Level Chart for Drinking Water
Groundwater Quality
TDS in Water (measured in PPM) Suitability for Drinking Water
Between 50-150 Excellent for drinking
150-250 Good
250-300 Fair
300-500 Poor, not good for drinking
Above 1200 Unacceptable
The TDS level helps indicate whether the drinking water is fit for consumption, requires filtration or is highly
contaminated. Parts per million (PPM) is the measurement used for measuring TDS level in the water.
11. Groundwater Quality
Measuring Total Dissolved Solids
When testing for total dissolved solids they are measured by milligrams per liter:
According to the EPA, home drinking water should measure at a TDS level of 500
mg/L or less. The closer to zero the purer your home drinking water is.
12. Here is a chart that shows the acceptable range of TDS in tap water:
Groundwater Quality
13. Common Total Dissolved Solids
With the multitude of TDS sources that are mentioned above, it’s not
surprising that the list of dissolved solids that are commonly found in water is
an extensive one.
Here are some of the soluble solids that you are more likely to find in your
home’s tap water:
Pesticides, Chlorine, Sodium, Calcium, Bicarbonates, Herbicides
Fluoride, Magnesium, Nitrates, Aluminum, Iron, Copper
Chloride, Zinc, Potassium, Arsenic, Lead Sulfates
Groundwater Quality
14. The PH of groundwater
The pH of groundwater is an important parameter for assessing water quality,
as it can affect the solubility and mobility of various contaminants in water.
• pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of water and is expressed on a
scale of 0 to 14.
• A pH of 7 is considered neutral, while values lower than 7 are acidic, and
values higher than 7 are alkaline or basic.
Groundwater Quality
15. The PH of groundwater
• The pH of groundwater can vary depending on various factors such as
geology, land use, and human activities.
• Natural factors such as the presence of minerals in the soil and bedrock, and
the influence of surface water can affect the pH of groundwater.
• Human activities such as agriculture, mining, and industrial processes can
also affect groundwater pH by releasing acidic or alkaline substances into
the environment.
Groundwater Quality
16. The PH of groundwater
- Highly acidic or alkaline water can pose health risks to humans and can affect
the environment. For example, acidic water can dissolve metals such as lead,
copper, and zinc from pipes, which can cause health problems if consumed.
Groundwater Quality
In addition, acidic water can affect the taste, odor, and color of water
and can cause corrosion of pipes and appliances.
17.
18. Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater pollution mainly occurs when pollutants are released to the
ground and find their way down to the groundwater.
Groundwater pollution can result from various natural and human activities,
such as landfills, industrial activities, agriculture, and septic systems.
19. • Groundwater pollution is the artificially induced degradation of
groundwater quality.
• Ground water pollution leads hazardous to public health.
• Ground water pollution originates by disposal of waste water following
the use of water any of a wide variety of purposes.
• Groundwater pollution is difficult to detect and control.
Groundwater Pollution
20. • Pollutants of GWP are limitless
• Causes and sources of GWP is closely related to human use of water.
Principle sources of GWP are
Municipal
Industrial.
Agricultural.
Miscellaneous.
Groundwater Pollution
25. Groundwater Pollution
Causes of GWP - in short
Causes of groundwater pollution are excessive application of fertilizer or
pesticides, chemical spills from commercial or industrial operations, chemical
spills occurring during transport (e.g. spillage of diesel fuels), illegal waste
dumping, infiltration from urban runoff or mining operations, road salts,
deicing chemicals from airports and even atmospheric contaminants since
groundwater is part of the hydrologic cycle.
26. Effects of ground water pollution are damaging not only to human life but
also to animals and plants.
If treatment or remediation of the polluted groundwater is considered to
be too difficult or expensive then it is important that the people stop using
the aquifer's groundwater and find alternative sources of water.
Groundwater Pollution
27. Filter paper for water filtration
Filter paper is a semi-permeable paper barrier used to separate fine
solid particles from liquids or gases.
Filter paper is commonly used in laboratory settings for water
quality testing and analysis, as well as in industrial applications for
water purification and treatment.
