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Biopesticide (2).pptx .This slides helps to know the different types of biop...

RohitNehra6

Context. Determining the size distribution of asteroids is key to understanding the collisional history and evolution of the inner Solar System. Aims. We aim to improve our knowledge of the size distribution of small asteroids in the main belt by determining the parallaxes of newly detected asteroids in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) archive and subsequently their absolute magnitudes and sizes. Methods. Asteroids appear as curved trails in HST images because of the parallax induced by the fast orbital motion of the spacecraft. Taking into account the trajectory of this latter, the parallax effect can be computed to obtain the distance to the asteroids by fitting simulated trajectories to the observed trails. Using distance, we can obtain the absolute magnitude of an object and an estimation of its size assuming an albedo value, along with some boundaries for its orbital parameters. Results. In this work, we analyse a set of 632 serendipitously imaged asteroids found in the ESA HST archive. Images were captured with the ACS/WFC and WFC3/UVIS instruments. A machine learning algorithm (trained with the results of a citizen science project) was used to detect objects in these images as part of a previous study. Our raw data consist of 1031 asteroid trails from unknown objects, not matching any entries in the Minor Planet Center (MPC) database using their coordinates and imaging time. We also found 670 trails from known objects (objects featuring matching entries in the MPC). After an accuracy assessment and filtering process, our analysed HST asteroid set consists of 454 unknown objects and 178 known objects. We obtain a sample dominated by potential main belt objects featuring absolute magnitudes (H) mostly between 15 and 22 mag. The absolute magnitude cumulative distribution logN(H > H0) ∝ αlog(H0) confirms the previously reported slope change for 15 < H < 18, from α ≈ 0.56 to α ≈ 0.26, maintained in our case down to absolute magnitudes of around H ≈ 20, and therefore expanding the previous result by approximately two magnitudes. Conclusions. HST archival observations can be used as an asteroid survey because the telescope pointings are statistically randomly oriented in the sky and cover long periods of time. They allow us to expand the current best samples of astronomical objects at no extra cost in regard to telescope time.

Hubble Asteroid Hunter III. Physical properties of newly found asteroids

Sérgio Sacani

Theoretical predictions and observational data indicate a class of sub-Neptune exoplanets may have water-rich interiors covered by hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Provided suitable climate conditions, such planets could host surface liquid oceans. Motivated by recent JWST observations of K2-18 b, we self-consistently model the photochemistry and potential detectability of biogenic sulfur gases in the atmospheres of temperate sub-Neptune waterworlds for the first time. On Earth today, organic sulfur compounds produced by marine biota are rapidly destroyed by photochemical processes before they can accumulate to significant levels. Domagal-Goldman et al. suggest that detectable biogenic sulfur signatures could emerge in Archean-like atmospheres with higher biological production or low UV flux. In this study, we explore biogenic sulfur across a wide range of biological fluxes and stellar UV environments. Critically, the main photochemical sinks are absent on the nightside of tidally locked planets. To address this, we further perform experiments with a 3D general circulation model and a 2D photochemical model (VULCAN 2D) to simulate the global distribution of biogenic gases to investigate their terminator concentrations as seen via transmission spectroscopy. Our models indicate that biogenic sulfur gases can rise to potentially detectable levels on hydrogen-rich water worlds, but only for enhanced global biosulfur flux (20 times modern Earth’s flux). We find that it is challenging to identify DMS at 3.4 μm where it strongly overlaps with CH4, whereas it is more plausible to detect DMS and companion byproducts, ethylene (C2H4) and ethane (C2H6), in the mid-infrared between 9 and 13 μm. Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Exoplanet atmospheres (487); Exoplanet

Biogenic Sulfur Gases as Biosignatures on Temperate Sub-Neptune Waterworlds

Sérgio Sacani

Bacterial Identification and Classifications

Areesha Ahmad

CELL -Structural and Functional unit of life.pdf

Nistarini College, Purulia (W.B) India

A botany file is similar to a chemistry practical file but specifically focuses on experiments and observations related to plants. It typically includes detailed descriptions of plant-related experiments, such as germination studies, growth experiments, tissue culture techniques, plant anatomy investigations, and ecological surveys. The file may contain records of plant specimens collected, their classification, characteristics, and ecological significance. Additionally, it may include diagrams, photographs, drawings, tables, and data analysis related to plant research. Like a chemistry practical file, a botany file serves as a documentation of practical work conducted in the field of botany and is often used for assessment and educational purposes.

Botany 4th semester file By Sumit Kumar yadav.pdf

Sumit Kumar yadav

GBSN - Biochemistry (Unit 1)

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Recombination DNA Technology (Nucleic Acid Hybridization )

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Zoology 4th semester series (krishna).pdf

Sumit Kumar yadav

Small size (20-300 nm) / bacteria (size measured in μm) Viral genome – single type of nucleic acid: DNA – dezoxyriboviruses RNA - riboviruses Totally dependant on living cells for all metabolic processes May infect humans, animals, plants, bacteria, fungi,parasites, insects Virion = viral corpuscle = elementary, infectious unit. Only visible by electron microscopy. Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections Methods: • Cytology • Electron microscopy • Cultivation • Detection of viral proteins • Serology • Molecular diagnosis (detection of genetic material i.e. nucleic acids) PPT prepared by Dr. Prince C P

VIRUSES structure and classification ppt by Dr.Prince C P

PRINCE C P

Wepresent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 12-m, 7-m, and Total Power Array observations of the FUOrionis outbursting system, covering spatial scales ranging from 160 to 25,000 au. The high-resolution interferometric data reveal an elongated 12CO(2–1) feature previously observed at lower resolution in 12CO(3–2). Kinematic modeling indicates that this feature can be interpreted as an accretion streamer feeding the binary system. The mass infall rate provided by the streamer is significantly lower than the typical stellar accretion rates (even in quiescent states), suggesting that this streamer alone is not massive enough to sustain the enhanced accretion rates characteristic of the outbursting class prototype. The observed streamer may not be directly linked to the current outburst, but rather a remnant of a previous, more massive streamer that may have contributed enough to the disk mass to render it unstable and trigger the FU Orionis outburst. The new data detect, for the first time, a vast, slow-moving carbon monoxide molecular outflow emerging from this object. To accurately assess the outflow properties (mass, momentum, and kinetic energy), we employ 13CO(2–1) data to correct for optical depth effects. The analysis indicates that the outflow corresponds to swept-up material not associated with the current outburst, similar to the slow molecular outflows observed around other FUor and Class I protostellar objects.

Discovery of an Accretion Streamer and a Slow Wide-angle Outflow around FUOri...

Sérgio Sacani

The presentation first gives the brief introduction about the animal communication covering the reasons for communication. It then describes the important types of animal communication emphasizing the important points regarding auditory and visual communication. With respect to auditory communication, it covers the uses of it and mechanisms of auditory communication along with examples. Later the presentation discusses the various forms of visual communication such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, color changes , bioluminescent communication. It then describes the visual communication in bees in the form of bee dance . In bee dance it gives a brief overview of round dance , sickle dance and waggle dance .

Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptx

UmerFayaz5

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Monika Rani

We explore different scenarios to explain the chemical difference found in the remarkable giant-giant binary system HD138202+CD−3012303. For the first time, we suggest how to distinguish these scenarios by taking advantage of the extensive convective envelopes of giant stars. Methods. We carried out a high-precision determination of stellar parameters and abundances by applying a full line-by-line differential analysis on GHOST high-resolution spectra. We used the FUNDPAR program with ATLAS12 model atmospheres and specific opacities calculated for an arbitrary composition through a doubly iterated method. Physical parameters were estimated with the isochrones package and evolutionary tracks were calculated via MIST models. Results. We found a significant chemical difference between the two stars (∆[Fe/H]∼0.08dex), which is largely unexpected considering the insensitivity of giant stars to planetary ingestion and diffusion effects. We tested the possibility of engulfment events by using several different combinations of stellar mass, ingested mass, metallicity of the engulfed object and different convective envelopes. However, the planetary ingestion scenario does not seem to explain the observed differences. For the first time, we distinguished the source of chemical differences using a giant-giant binary system. By ruling out other possible scenarios such as planet formation and evolutionary effects between the two stars, we suggest that primordial inhomogeneities might explain the observed differences. This remarkable result implies that the metallicity differences that were observed in at least some main-sequence binary systems might be related to primordial inhomogeneities rather than engulfment events. We also discuss the important implications of finding primordial inhomogeneities, which affect chemical tagging and other fields such as planet formation. We strongly encourage the use of giantgiant pairs. They are a relevant complement to main-sequence pairs for determining the origin of the observed chemical differences in multiple systems.

Disentangling the origin of chemical differences using GHOST

Sérgio Sacani

Botany krishna series 2nd semester Only Mcq type questions

Sumit Kumar yadav

Jupiter’s moon Io hosts extensive volcanism, driven by tidal heating. The isotopic composition of Io's inventory of volatile chemical elements, including sulfur and chlorine, reflects its outgassing and mass loss history, and thus records information about its evolution. We used millimeter observations of Io’s atmosphere to measure sulfur isotopes in gaseous SO2 and SO, and chlorine isotopes in gaseous NaCl and KCl. We find 34S/32S = 0.0595 ± 0.0038 (equivalent to δ34S = +347 ± 86‰), which is highly enriched compared to average Solar System values and indicates that Io has lost 94 to 99% of its available sulfur. Our measurement of 37Cl/35Cl = 0.403 ± 0.028 (δ37Cl = +263 ± 88‰) shows that chlorine is similarly enriched. These results indicate that Io has been volcanically active for most (or all) of its history, with potentially higher outgassing and mass-loss rates at earlier times.

Isotopic evidence of long-lived volcanism on Io

Sérgio Sacani

Botany is the branch of biology that deals with the scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, and classification. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the molecular biology of plant cells to the ecological relationships between plants and their environments. Botany is essential for understanding plant diversity, ecology, evolution, and the roles plants play in ecosystems and human societies.

Botany 4th semester series (krishna).pdf

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Presentation Vikram Lander by Vedansh Gupta.pptx

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Potato and Straw Experiment - Science for Kids | Mocomi

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