Download as PDF, PPTX
Uploaded byCenter for Energy and Environment
Secondhand Smoke in Vehicles
The webinar discusses the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in vehicles, particularly on children, revealing that a significant percentage of youth are exposed while riding with smokers. Research indicates that SHS levels in cars can be dangerously high, often exceeding those found in public smoking areas, emphasizing the urgent need for smoke-free car policies. Recommendations include legislative actions to prohibit smoking in vehicles when children are present and community education on the risks associated with SHS.
More Related Content
Similar to Secondhand Smoke in Vehicles
More from Center for Energy and Environment
Secondhand Smoke in Vehicles
- 1. The Impacts ofSecondhand Smoke in Vehicles Research Findings and Policy Recommendations March 2, 2017 Live Webinar
- 2. Pg. 2 Research Financing Policy Programs Discover+ Deploy the most effective solutions for a healthy, low-carbon economy Planning & Consulting
- 3.
- 4.
- 5. Pg. 5 Today: TheImpacts of SHS in Vehicles Expert Presenters Emily M. Anderson Program Director Assoc. for Nonsmokers, Minnesota Dave Bohac, P.E. Director of Research Center for Energy & Environment
- 6. Goals for Today’sWebinar • Describe the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) on children. • Talk about rates at which children are still exposed to SHS in vehicles. • Discuss previous research on the impact of smoking in vehicles. • Provide details about CEE’s research study • Define the policy “lay of the land” and policy options for Minnesota and other states • Debut our “Smoke Free Cars for Kids” video!
- 7. This work wassupported by ClearWay Minnesota. Any public dissemination of information relating to the grant was made possible by Grant Number RC 2014-0013 from ClearWay Minnesota. The contents of this information are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of ClearWay Minnesota.
- 10. Kids are Exposedto SHS in Cars National Youth Tobacco Survey, 2009 More than one- fifth of nonsmoking students in grades 6 through 12 are exposed to SHS in vehicles.
- 11. MN Kids areExposed to SHS in Cars Minnesota Youth Tobacco and Asthma Survey, 2011 1 in 4 middle school students report that they have ridden in a car with someone who was smoking cigarettes in the preceding week
- 12. Kids, Cars andSHS: What We Know While there is no safe level of exposure to SHS, SHS in cars is particularly bad.
- 13. Kids, Cars andSHS: What We Know
- 14. What else dowe need to know? • What if I only smoke with my window open? • What if I hold my cigarette out the window between puffs? • What if I always turn the air vents to “fresh air” mode? • What if my child only sits in the far back of my minivan?
- 15. Comprehensive Study Design •138 Smoking Trials • Sedan, Minivan, SUV (46/vehicle) • Why So Many Trials? • Windows • closed • 2” open • driver open (summer only) • all open (summer only) • Ventilation • Summer: off, recirculation, fresh • Winter: defrost, heat, both • Speed • local (30mph) • Expressway (60mph) • Smoking Behavior • towards window • away from window • Seasons (summer/winter) http://www.worthypause.com/2014/03/m innesota-seasons-pie-chart.html https://www.tispol.org/image-galleries/stock- photos/car/car-speedometer-mph-and- kph?size=preview http://www.theguardian.com /commentisfree/2011/nov/2 0/smoking-ban-in-cars http://www.worthypause.com /2014/03/minnesota- seasons-pie-chart.html http://www.8thcivic.com/forums/civic-hybrid/112950-temperature-c- screen.html
- 16. Fine Particulates UsedTo Measure Secondhand Smoke http://www.tceq.texas.gov/publications/pd/020/2013-NaturalOutlook/pm2.5- standards-may-be-set-lower-than-scientifically-justifiable • Fine particulates (PM2.5) emitted by smoking • Often SHS is only significant source of PM2.5 • Reliable instruments for real- time measurements • Most common tracer for SHS research
- 17.
- 18. Sample PM2.5 Measurements Vehicle:SUV Windows: 2” open Ventilation: Fresh Air Mode Vehicle Speed: 30 mph 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 << smoking >> 4 to 6 minutes << after smoking >> Front passenger Rear seat (behind driver) Typical Minnesota bar
- 19. EPAAir Quality Index AirQuality Air Quality Index 24-hr PM2.5 (mg/m3) Health Concern Hazardous ≥ 301 > 250 Health alert: everyone may experience more serious health effects Very Unhealthy 201 -300 151 - 250 Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected Unhealthy 151 - 200 56 - 150 Everyone may begin to experience health effects; members of sensitive groups may experience more serious health effects. Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups 101 - 150 36 -55 Members of sensitive groups may experience health effects. The general public is not likely to be affected. Moderate 51 - 100 13 - 35 Air quality is acceptable; there may be a moderate health concern for a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution. Good 0 - 50 0 - 12 Air quality is considered satisfactory, and air pollution poses little or no risk Associated health effects from air pollution 71 ug/m3 = typical Minnesota bar on weekend night (before Freedom to Breath)
- 20. Sample PM2.5 Measurements Vehicle:SUV Windows: 2” open Ventilation: Fresh Air Mode Vehicle Speed: 30 mph 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 << smoking >> Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Hazardous Typical Minnesota bar
- 21. Sample PM2.5 Measurements Vehicle:SUV Windows: All Closed Ventilation: Fresh Air Mode Vehicle Speed: 30 mph 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Hazardous Unhealthy Very Unhealthy Typical Minnesota bar Hazardous: Health warnings of emergency conditions. The entire population is more likely to be affected.
- 22. Analysis of EachSmoking Trial • Peak concentration for shorter intervals (5, 10,15, & 30 seconds) • Average concentration during smoking, after smoking, and entire period • Total exposure until concentrations return to outdoor baseline (=average concentration * time) • Length of time concentration equal to or greater than EPA Air Quality Index Levels
- 23. PM2.5 30 SecondPeak Results average = 2,013 ug/m3 (359 to 5,612 ug/m3) 87% lower 55% lower
- 24. Average PM2.5 Concentration >70 ug/m3 for closed and 2” open windows for local driving
- 25. Comparison of 30Second Peak to Average PM2.5 Concentration Average over all three vehicles and three summer ventilation modes with windows closed About a 3 to 1 ratio between 30 second peak and average over entire exposure Hazardous
- 26. Exposure Duration How longafter smoking done does it take to get rid of secondhand smoke? • Windows closed: 4.3 – 25+ minutes • Open driver window 2”: average = 4.2 minutes • Driver window full open: average = 1.7 minutes
- 27. Regression Analysis ofExposure • Opening drivers window reduces exposure by 93% and fully opening windows reduces by another 62% • Sedan had lowest exposure • Minivan 46% greater • SUV 69% greater • Not much difference between fan off and recirculation mode, but 40 – 50% lower exposure for “fresh” mode • Exposure at least two times greater for 30 mph than 60 mph • Holding cigarette towards window reduced exposure by 34% to 75% • No significant difference for location in vehicle except van far back
- 28. Take Away Messages Secondhandsmoke exposure in vehicles is extremely dangerous. With windows closed, SHS fine particulate matter concentrations range from 359 to 5612 with an average of 2013 μg/m3. Those levels are higher than concentrations typically found in bars were smoking is permitted.
- 29. Take Away Messages Secondhandsmoke remains a concern even after the driver has stopped smoking. A passenger’s total average exposure during and after smoking is about equal to sitting in a typical smoky bar for 3 hours.
- 30. Take Away Messages Thereis no safe level of exposure to secondhand smoke, and kids are at particular risk. 1 in 4 middle school students report being in a vehicle while someone is smoking in the past 7 days.
- 31. Take Away Messages Kidsbeing exposed to secondhand smoke in vehicles is STILL a problem!
- 32. How can weprotect kids? Smoke-Free Cars for Kids! • States can pass laws that would prohibit smoking in a vehicle when children under the age of 18 are present in order to protect kids from dangerous SHS.
- 33. Smoke-Free Cars forKids Laws
- 34. Do people supportsmoke-free cars for kids?
- 35. What could aMN law look like? • Protect kids under 18 • State and local law enforcement • NOT a primary offense
- 36. Kids in CarsVideo
- 37. Next Steps? • Educatedecision makers and community members about the dangers of exposure to SHS, especially for kids. • Let them know that SHS exposure is still a problem for MN kids. • Tell decision makers that MN is not a leader on this issue, but can catch up! • Share the video! • Keep our eyes a few years down the road, which legislators might be ready to tackle this issue in MN.
- 38. References 1. U.S. Departmentof Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2014. 2. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center for Health Promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2006. 3. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Environmental Health, “Environmental Tobacco Smoke: A Hazard to Children,” Pediatrics 99(4), April 1997. 4. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2016). Air Quality Index (AQI) Basics. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from https://airnow.gov/index.cfm?action=aqibasics.aqi 5. Rosow Chrisman, K. (2014). Plotting China’s Air Quality: The Good, The Bad, The Un-Breathable. Retrieved April 25, 2016, from http://breakingenergy.com/2014/04/16/plotting-chinas-air-quality-the-good- the-bad-the-un-breathable/ 6. Center for Energy and Environment. (2016). Measuring Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Vehicles. Retrieved March 21, 2016, from http://mncee.org/Innovation-Exchange/Projects/Current/Secondhand- Smoke-in-Vehicles/ 7. Minnesota Youth tobacco and Asthma Survey (2011).
- 39. Pg. 39 Videos • ‘Kidsin Cars’ (ANSR MN): https://youtu.be/-e_YnLSIKvI • ‘How Dangerous is Smoking in Cars’ (TobaccoFreeCA): https://vimeo.com/1513382 • Technical information on SHS in vehicles (CEE): www.mncee.org/SHS-vehicles
- 40.
- 41.
- 42.
- 43.
- 44. Dave Bohac, P.E. dbohac@mncee.org EmilyAnderson emily@ansrmn.org
- 45. How To MeasureSecondhand Smoke? http://www.tceq.texas.gov/publications/pd/020/2013-NaturalOutlook/pm2.5- standards-may-be-set-lower-than-scientifically-justifiable