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Anatomia do torax (1)
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3. 1. Coberta por pele, fáscia e músculos;
2. Função principal de proteger as vísceras toracicas + função mecânica para
respiração;
3. Trabalha junto com a cavidade abdominal fazendo aumentar e diminuir as
pressões intra-abdominal e intra-toracica transferencia de gas.
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4. Costelas:
Verdadeiras: 1-7
Falsas: 8-10
Flutuantes: duas últimas
Típicas: 3ª 9ª
• Colo
• Corpo
• cabeça
• tubérculo
Atípicas: 1ª, 2ª,10ª - 12ª
As cartilagens costais prolongam as
costelas anteriormente e ajudam na
elasticidade da caixa toracica.elasticidade da caixa toracica.
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5. Atípica
Obs: Fratura de costela; Toracotomia;
costela extra-numerária
Típica
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6. Vértebras costais ou toracicas
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10. Braço de bomba e alça de balde: a
combinação destes movimentos
aumenta os diâmetros AP e
transversal da Caixa torácica.
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11. Camada superficial;
Homens e mulheres;
Glândulas mamárias + tecido gorduroso mais desenvolvido nas mulheres
reprodução
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22. Importância da disposição anatômica dessas estruturas???
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27. Mediastino
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29. Pleura: Saco seroso com duas membranas contínuas.
1. pleura parietal: reveste a cavidade pleural
2. Pleura visceral: aderido aos pulmões.
3. cavidade pleural: contém liquido seroso que facilita o deslizamento do
pulmão.
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31. Lesão pleural
Atrito
pleural
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32. Pulmões:
função da respiração – troca gasosa
São leves, macios, rosáceos, esponjosos e elásticos;
São separados pelo coração;
Possui uma raiz e um hilo;
Dividido em lobos por fissuras;
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33. Face mediastinal
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37. Traquéia e brônquios
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38. Brônquio principal
Bronquíolo segmentar
Bronquíolo terminal
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43. Circulação pulmonar
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44. Tronco pulmonar
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45. O ar entra no trato respiratório através de duas aberturas chamadas
narinas.
Em seguida, flui pelas cavidades nasais direita e esquerda, que
estão revestidas por mucosa respiratória.
O septo nasal separa essas duas cavidades.
Os pêlos do interior das narinas filtram grandes partículas de poeira
que podem ser inaladas.
Além disso, a cavidade nasal contêm células receptoras para o
olfato.
Nariz
olfato.
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47. FARINGE
A faringe é um tubo que começa nas coanas e estende-se para baixo no pescoço.
Ela se situa logo atrás das cavidades nasais e logo a frente às vértebras cervicais.
A faringe funciona como uma passagem de ar e alimento.
A faringe é dividida em três regiões anatômicas: nasofaringe, orofaringe e laringofaringe.
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50. LARINGE
A laringe é um órgão curto que conecta a faringe com a traquéia. Ela se situa na
linha mediana do pescoço, diante da quarta, quinta e sexta vértebra
cervicais.
A laringe tem três funções:
Atua como passagem para o ar durante a respiração;
Produz som, ou seja, a voz (por esta razão é chamada de caixa de voz);
Impede que o alimento e objetos estranhos entrem nas estruturas respiratóriasImpede que o alimento e objetos estranhos entrem nas estruturas respiratórias
(como a traquéia).
A parede da laringe é composta de nove peças de cartilagens.
Três são ímpares (cartilagem tireóidea, cricóidea e epiglótica) e três são pares
(cartilagem aritenóidea, cuneiforme e corniculada).
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54. Mediastino:
Cavidade central onde ficam alojadas toas as vísceras torácicas, exceto os
pulmões;
É coberto pela pleura mediastinal;
Estende-se da abertura superior do tórax ao diafragma e do esterno ao
corpo das vértebras;
Região móvel com vísceras ocas e cheias de líquido;(presas por tecido conj.
frouxo); importante para respiração e pulsação das artérias;
1. Mediastino Superior
2. Mediastino inferior: Anterior, médio e inferior;
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56. Mediastino médio
1. Contém o pericárdio, o coração, os grandes vasos( aorta, VCI), Tronco pulmonar...
2. PERICÁRDIO: saco fibroseroso que envolve o coração; Duas lâminas (fibrosa e
serosa –visceral e parietal);
3. Preso pelo ligamento pericardicofrênco;
Pericárdio fibroso
Pericárdio seroso
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58. Seio transerso do
pericárdio
Importância clínica
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59. T5-T6: área núa do
pericárdio
pericardiocentese
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60. Áreas de menorÁreas de menor
risco para punção
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61. 1. Bomba muscular dupla (Direita e esquerda)
2. Recebe sangue pouco oxigenado e envia sangue oxigenado;
3. Possui 4 câmaras: átrio e ventrículo Direito + átrio e ventrículo Esquerdo.
4. Ciclo cardíaco: Diástole (relaxamento) e sístole(contração);
5. Bulhas cardíacas;
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62. Circulação nas câmaras cardíacas
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63. Circulação nas câmaras cardíacas
Veias pulmonares
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64. Camadas do coração
Pericárdio
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66. Miocárdio: fibras obliquas; movimento de torção; presas ao esqueleto ou trígono
fibroso.
Arcabouço Rico em
colágeno
Ancora as fibras do miocárdio;
Mantém aberta os orifícios p as
válvulas semilunares;
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67. Coração e raiz dos grandes vasos
1. Coração + saco pericárdico=
2/3 à esquerda;
2. Forma de pirâmide ou cônica
face diafragmática, face
esternocostal e faceesternocostal e face
pulmonar;
3. Um ápice olhando para
frente e para baixo (antero-
inferior);
4. Uma base oposta olhando
posteriormente;
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70. Câmaras cardíacas: átrio Direito
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73. forame oval, é um orifício no septo entre os dois átrios cardíacos direito e
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74. Ventrículo Direito
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77. Sai do VD
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78. Átrio Esquerdo
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79. Átrio Esquerdo
com suas 4
veias
pulmonares
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80. Ventrículo esquerdo:
1. Valva AV esquerda
2. Trabéculas cárneas mais fortes
3. Músculos papilares
4. Cordas tendíneas
5. Óstio da aorta
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81. Mitral
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82. Mitraltricúspide
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83. Parte ascendente da
aorta
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85. Ramo ascendente
da aorta
Mediastino
superior
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86. Algumas estrutiras do mediastino Superior: acima do ângulo do esterno
Timo
Grandes vasos: VCS, Tronco Braquiocefálico, arco da aorta, traquéia e esôfago.
Mediastino
superior
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88. No mediastino posterior,vamos ter principalmente a parte torácica da
aorta e o esôfago.
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91. Mediastino posterior
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