2. Citation and formatting
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Lesson two
Now, formatting means making the paper look in a particular way. The format style goes with
the referencing style. Therefore, when a paper is referenced in a particular manner, there are
particular page numbers, running head or not, title page or not, content of the title page if it has.
Take a sample you have written and try to format it accordingly.
Let us do the referencing for this paper in APA
Also, revisit the notes and find the nature of in text citations for APA referencing. We said that
the citation carries a surname and the year of publication. But do you do all this work? No! The
computer do it for you. Look at the following paragraph
“Management cannot be defined without exploring the nature of communication. In fact,
management is a fact of communication. Since management involves the instructional
processes, communication provides the media for such process to exist. Good and bad
management is highly influenced by the level of communication. Depending on the type of
organization, different communication strategies apply. For instance, there are cases
where the senior management makes direct control for the juniors. In some other sectors,
there exist hierarchy of communication where the seniors do not communicate with the
juniors directly.”
Now, the information here must have been gotten from a source. The source could be a book, a
journal, website etc. the above three are the most common and you must know how to use them.
I want to cite my work. But I want to put my citation at this sentence…. Since management
involves the instructional processes, communication provides the media for such process to exist.
I hope you can trace the sentence in the paragraph. I want to cite a book. Now, what do I do.
1. I will take the idea expressed by the sentence and the entire paragraph then go to the
internet Google and search. Look in the diagram below. When I make the search, my
computer gives me the following. Now I go to the menu of “more”. See in the figure
below. Sometimes the books come directly and are not hidden in the “more” menu
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Then select the icon books as shown below
2. Select the book that has a “preview”. Any boon without preview may not have the
necessary information for you. Look in the figure below on what to consider when
selecting the book to use for referencing. Remember that this is a survival strategy as this
boom could not be the one you used for the work. However, you have to look for the
book which has information as the one used for your work.
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3. When the book opens, right click “find in the library” and open in anew tab
Remember that some books are not available in the library and what you do upon missing them
is discarding the book. But my book is available. So, I right click and open in a new window.
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However, I retain the current window as I could need it to get the page numbers of the book
where relevant information is placed.
4. You should have the new table with all the necessary information i.e the title of the book,
the author(s), and the town of publication, the publisher and the year of publication.
When the cursor is between the last word and the period, go to the MS word menu and chose
“references”
i. Chose the format of citation either APA, MLA, HARVARD, CHICAGO etc…
At references, chose the style
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ii. Insert citation, say add new
iii. The MS word will give a dialogue box for you to fill
iv. Get the information we got from the internet and paste them into their respective
places i.e. the title of the boo, the author(s), the town of publication, the publisher and
the year of publication
v. After all is done, press okay. The citation will appear as follows.
Since management involves the instructional processes, communication provides the media for
such process to exist (Bell & Smith, 2010).
After you are done with the first book, you can look for another book and use the same
procedure to insert the citation at another point in the essay.
Now, how do you generate the list of sources? Its now simple than you thought. Since you added
all the necessary details in the MS word, all you need to do is make the computer give you the
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bibliography you require. To do this, go to the end on of the work and push the cursor to a new
page where you want to insert your references. Then clink on references, then bibliography and
then references. The computer should give you a list of sources depending on the style you
selected above (APA, MLA, HARVARD OR ANY OTHER)
END OF LESSON TWO
