The document discusses DPP-4 inhibitors, which are oral medications used to treat type 2 diabetes. They work by preventing the breakdown of incretin hormones like GLP-1, which increases insulin secretion and lowers blood glucose levels without weight gain. Four DPP-4 inhibitors are approved by the FDA: sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin. They have few side effects but can potentially cause hypoglycemia, common cold symptoms, or diarrhea. Interviews with doctors highlighted that DPP-4 inhibitors are easy to use orally and generally well-tolerated by patients.

1. DPP-4 inhibitors drugs
Amr Yasser Sayed Sewilam

2. What are DPP-4 inhibitors?
• These are medications used to treat Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus.
• The DPP-4 inhibitors are also known as gliptins.
• They should be used along with a calorie deficit diet and
exercise to help glucose regulation in adults with T2DM
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3. How does DPP-4 inhibitors
work?
In simple words the mechanism of action of the inhibitors works:-
• They act on GLP-1 and GIP (incretin hormones)
• They prevent the breakdown of the GLP-1 and GIP hormones
• Increasing the levels of GLP-1 & GIP circulating in the blood stream
• Increasing the stimulation of insulin secretion from the b-cells in the
pancreases
• This results in low postprandial and fasting blood glucose level with no
weight gain Amr Yasser Sayed Sewilam 3

4. DPP-4 inhibitors FDA approved
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Four DPP-4 inhibitors approved by the FDA:
1. Sitagliptin
2. Saxagliptin
3. Linagliptin
4. Alogliptin, all of which are oral & daily products.

5. Dosage
• They are approved by the FDA for use as monotherapy
in type 2 diabetes
• DPP-IV inhibitors can also be added to patients already
on metformin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, or
insulin
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6. Adverse side effects of DPP-4
inhibitors
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7. Common adverse effects:-
- Increased risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- Common cold symptoms
- Headache
- Diarrhea
- Stomach pain
- Weight loss
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8. Contraindications & Cautions
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Acute pancreatitis
- Severe and disabling joint pain
- Bone fractures with Saxagliptin.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Elderly patient
- Other endocrine disorders
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9. My Interview with a pharmacist
Dr. Ali salah and Dr. Dr. Magdy
Mohamed Allam an endocrinology
doctor at Zulaikha hospital
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10. Amr Yasser Sayed Sewilam 10

11. Summary of my interviews
Dr. Magdy clearly highlighted how easy he finds DPP-4 inhibitors easy
to use, were the tablets are orally administered daily, showing no
alarming events upon usage, making them well tolerated. Which is
what Dr. ali and Dr. Magdy both shared in common upon patient
counseling.
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12. Things to look out for before taking
DPP-4 medications
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Pancreatiti
Kidney
Disease
Gall stones Arthritis
Pregnancy or
breastfeeding
• Although doctors
have not found any
side effects of the
medications on
pregnant women
however you should
let your dr know
1 2 3 4 5

13. Cost information from the
Pharmacy (Reregistered Products
in UAE market)
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14. Thank you
Amr Yasser Sayed Sewilam ​
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