Describe multicasting. Describe how Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) improves efficiency of MAC-to-IP address mappings. In IPv4 addressing, eight bits have 256 possible combinations. Only the numbers 1 through 254 can be used to identify networks and hosts in an IP address. Explain what the number 0 and the number 255 are used for in IPv4 addressing. In IPv4 addressing, explain what is special about an address containing 127 in the first octet and how this address is used in troubleshooting. Describe the size differences in IPv4 and IPv6 IP addresses. Explain the rules that are used for compacting IPv6 addresses. Explain one way in which the BOOT and Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) are similar. Then describe two ways in which they are different. Briefly explain how CSMA/CD works. Explain the 5-4-3 rule of networking. Within an Ethernet frame, describe the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) field and explain how it is used to make the header. Within an Ethernet frame, describe what happens if fewer than 46 bytes of data are supplied by the higher layers. Briefly describe the Ethernet sub-network access protocol (SNAP) frame type. Include an explanation of the drawback that keeps it from being implemented on networks instead of Ethernet_II frames. Explain how to calculate a host's network ID given its IPv4 address and subnet mask. Describe the formula determining how to modify a default subnet mask to create subnets. If sub netting is used on a LAN, explain how devices Interpret sub netting information. Explain how hiding IP addresses on private networks allows network managers more flexibility in assigning addresses. Explain how the trace route utility uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo requests to trace the path from one networked node to another, identifying all intermediate hops between the two nodes. Provide an example trace route result. Explain what happens when an administrator issues the mtr command. Describe the function of the route utility and provide examples of how it is entered on a UNIX or Linux system, a Windows-based system, and a Cisco-brand router. Support your work, you may use outside sources. Cite all sources used in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format. DUE: FRIDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2014 .

1. Describe multicasting. Describe how Address Resolution
Protocol (ARP) improves efficiency of MAC-to-IP address
mappings.
In IPv4 addressing, eight bits have 256 possible combinations.
Only the numbers 1 through 254 can be used to identify
networks and hosts in an IP address. Explain what the number 0
and the number 255 are used for in IPv4 addressing. In IPv4
addressing, explain what is special about an address containing
127 in the first octet and how this address is used in
troubleshooting. Describe the size differences in IPv4 and IPv6
IP addresses. Explain the rules that are used for compacting
IPv6 addresses.
Explain one way in which the BOOT and Reverse Address
Resolution Protocol (RARP) are similar. Then describe two
ways in which they are different.
Briefly explain how CSMA/CD works. Explain the 5-4-3 rule of
networking. Within an Ethernet frame, describe the Frame
Check Sequence (FCS) field and explain how it is used to make
the header. Within an Ethernet frame, describe what happens if
fewer than 46 bytes of data are supplied by the higher layers.
Briefly describe the Ethernet sub-network access protocol
(SNAP) frame type. Include an explanation of the drawback that
keeps it from being implemented on networks instead of
Ethernet_II frames.
Explain how to calculate a host's network ID given its IPv4
address and subnet mask. Describe the formula determining how
to modify a default subnet mask to create subnets. If sub netting
is used on a LAN, explain how devices Interpret sub netting
information. Explain how hiding IP addresses on private
networks allows network managers more flexibility in assigning
addresses.
Explain how the trace route utility uses Internet Control
Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo requests to trace the path from
one networked node to another, identifying all intermediate
hops between the two nodes. Provide an example trace route

2. result. Explain what happens when an administrator issues the
mtr command. Describe the function of the route utility and
provide examples of how it is entered on a UNIX or Linux
system, a Windows-based system, and a Cisco-brand router.
Support your work, you may use outside sources. Cite all
sources used in your work and provide references for the
citations in APA format.
DUE: FRIDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2014