1) What layers in the protocol stack(both logically and physically) does the HTTP protocol talk
to?
2) What might a protocol frame from a Web Browser session look like as it goes out of a
network port? Assume the link layer is ethernet. You do not need to describe the fields inside a
particular header except to say it is a particular protocol header (ie TCP header).
3) I can change a link layer protocol and the application layer protocol does not need to know or
be made aware of the change. Explain why?
Solution
A protocol stack is a complete set of network protocol layers that work together to provide
networking capabilities. It is called a stack because it is typically designed as a hierarchy of
layers, each supporting the one above it and using those below it.
A protocol is a mutually agreed-upon format for doing something. With regard to computers, it
most commonly refers a set of rules (i.e., a standard) that enables computers to connect and
transmit data to one another; this is also called a communications protocol. A protocol can be
implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of the two.
Individual protocols are typically designed with a single purpose in mind. This modularization,
which is consistent with the Unix philosophy, facilitates both design and evaluation. The use of a
layered approach facilitates allowing different protocols to be substituted for each other, for
example, to accommodate new protocols and different network architectures.
The number of layers varies according to the particular protocol stack. For example, TCP/IP
(transmission control protocol/Internet protocol), which defines communication over the Internet
and most other computer networks, has five layers (application, transport, network, data link and
physical). The also widely used OSI (open systems interconnect) reference model, defines seven
layers (application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link and physical).
Regardless of the number of layers, the lowest protocols always deal with low-level, physical
interaction of the hardware. Each higher layer adds additional features, and user applications
typically interact only with the uppermost layers. The layers can be broadly classified into media,
transport and application
The terms protocol stack and protocol suite are often used interchangeably. However, the two are
sometimes used with subtle differences, such as the former being a complete set of protocols and
the latter being a subset of them, often supplied by a particular vendor, or the latter being the
definition of the protocols and the former being the software implementation of them..
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1) What layers in the protocol stack(both logically and physically) .pdf
1. 1) What layers in the protocol stack(both logically and physically) does the HTTP protocol talk
to?
2) What might a protocol frame from a Web Browser session look like as it goes out of a
network port? Assume the link layer is ethernet. You do not need to describe the fields inside a
particular header except to say it is a particular protocol header (ie TCP header).
3) I can change a link layer protocol and the application layer protocol does not need to know or
be made aware of the change. Explain why?
Solution
A protocol stack is a complete set of network protocol layers that work together to provide
networking capabilities. It is called a stack because it is typically designed as a hierarchy of
layers, each supporting the one above it and using those below it.
A protocol is a mutually agreed-upon format for doing something. With regard to computers, it
most commonly refers a set of rules (i.e., a standard) that enables computers to connect and
transmit data to one another; this is also called a communications protocol. A protocol can be
implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of the two.
Individual protocols are typically designed with a single purpose in mind. This modularization,
which is consistent with the Unix philosophy, facilitates both design and evaluation. The use of a
layered approach facilitates allowing different protocols to be substituted for each other, for
example, to accommodate new protocols and different network architectures.
The number of layers varies according to the particular protocol stack. For example, TCP/IP
(transmission control protocol/Internet protocol), which defines communication over the Internet
and most other computer networks, has five layers (application, transport, network, data link and
physical). The also widely used OSI (open systems interconnect) reference model, defines seven
layers (application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link and physical).
Regardless of the number of layers, the lowest protocols always deal with low-level, physical
interaction of the hardware. Each higher layer adds additional features, and user applications
typically interact only with the uppermost layers. The layers can be broadly classified into media,
transport and application
The terms protocol stack and protocol suite are often used interchangeably. However, the two are
sometimes used with subtle differences, such as the former being a complete set of protocols and
the latter being a subset of them, often supplied by a particular vendor, or the latter being the
definition of the protocols and the former being the software implementation of them.
