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時短からみる
メンタルヘルス
2010.10.3 勉強会資料
浅賀 桃子 Momoko Asaka
労働時間は減少傾向?
データ出典:厚生労働省『毎月勤労統計』より作成
注:事業規模5人以上、就業形態計、産業計の平均値
労働時間の推移
 1985年当時の総実労働時間は2,110時間
 1985年のプラダ合意から時短の流れへ
 1988年の労基法改正で週40時間労働制
 2000年代からは1,850時間以下を維持
しかし、個別の状況をみると・・・
正社員の労働時間は高止まり
データ出典:厚生労働省『毎月勤労統計』より作成
注:事業規模5人以上、一般労働者の平均値
総労働時間が減ったワケ
 1997年の金融危機・不況の深刻化
 コストダウンの標的になった正社員採用
 派遣法改正に伴う規制緩和
 非正社員の人数増
非正社員が残業できない分の皺寄せが・・・
所定労働時間を超えて働く理由
出典:連合総合生活研究所第14回勤労者短観「ワーク・ライフ・バランスに関する認識」
なぜ早く帰れないのか
 やむをえない事情
 仕事が多い
 突発的な仕事がある
 納期にゆとりがない
 自主的?残業/旧態以前とした風土
 先に帰りづらい
 残業手当を生活の当てにしている
 残業をしないと査定に影響がある
時短の是正には、仕事の生産性向上、会社側の
労務管理、風土など多様な視点からの取組が必要
長時間労働のリスク
出典:過労死・自死相談センターHP
長時間労働が精神的不調へ
 企業が従業員の健康で最も気を使っていたこ
とが変化してきている
生活習慣病⇒メンタルヘルス
 原因の多くは労働環境
仕事の量的負担や難易度の上昇
対人関係(孤立・支援の乏しさなど)
こころの内面と職場環境の関係
心理的要因
・契機
・仕事
(対人関係・量・質)
・家庭 など
こころの修飾要因
・性格 ・教育 ・習慣
職場のストレス
・孤立(支援の乏しさ)
・束縛(自由の制約)
ストレス反応
・身体面 ・痛み ・だるさ
・心理面 ・落ち込み
ストレス関連疾病
・うつ病
・心身症
・高血圧
・糖尿病 ほか
資料出所:神山昭男氏(有楽町桜クリニック院長)作成
メンタルヘルスケアと時短への取組
 労働環境のストレスは精神性疾患のきっかけ
 企業が早期発見するためには、労働時間の長さを目
安にすることが必要
 法律では、月100時間以上残業する社員への、産業医との
面談を義務付けている
 産業医と労務管理部署とが連携し、生活面・心理面・
作業面のケアをする
 個々の従業員の労働時間と体調・ストレスを把握し、
原因を解消すべく仕事の質・量を適正化することは、
時短に向かうために通らざるを得ない道

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時短からみるメンタルヘルス

Editor's Notes

  1. 労基法改正前は週 48 時間労働制。週 40 時間労働制への移行により、大企業を中心に完全週休 2 日制が実現、年間所定外労働時間も 180 時間前後から 150 時間前後まで減少。一見そうみえるが、からくりがある
  2. 全労働者のデータとの比較をすると一目瞭然。