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Obtaining Information from a Database Management System

Overview Models are used to

Background Student’s grades are comprised of grades for individual projects, group projects, and extra credit projects. Each grade is on a scale of 0 to 100. Student information, including grades, is stored in the school’s computer system The information is stored in a database system that organizes the information logically into tables The entries in the student table contains basic information about the student – name, address, sex, phone number, etc Entries in another table stores information about projects – for example name of the project, date assigned, date due and the grade For an individual project, each entry on the project table is associated with an entry on the student table The following diagram shows how the information is stored in the two tables

Database Model for Individual projects Student Project First Name Last Name M/F Email address Date of Birth Number Date Assigned Date Due (mm/dd/yy) Grade (0 – 100) 1 Many The line between shows the relationship between entries on each table. In this case, it indicates that each student has many given many projects.

Database Model for IndividualProjects Project Project Student Number Date Assigned Date Due (mm/dd/yy) Grade (0 – 100) Number Date Assigned Date Due Grade First Name Last Name M/F Email address Date of Birth Student First Name Last Name M/F Email address Date of Birth ,[object Object]

This model shows that each Student has many project entries,[object Object]

Group projects Group projects are given to 2 or more students For each group project, there is one grade given to the group. Each student in the group gets the same grade for the project. Like individual projects, the information for each group project is stored as an entry in the project table

Database Model for Group Projects Student Project First Name Last Name M/F Email address Date of Birth Number Date Assigned Date Due Grade Many Many ,[object Object],with one exception- it shows that each project entry has many students assigned to it instead of just one.

Database Model for Group Projects Number Date Assigned Date Due Grade Project First Name Last Name M/F Email address Date of Birth Student ,[object Object],[object Object]

Class Information 5 individual projects have been assigned 2 Group Projects The highest possible score for a student is therefore (7*100) = 700 points There are 20 students in the class – 10 boys and 10 girls

Analysis As part of a class analysis, using the database system, the teacher finds the following for her class: The average for the class for the group projects is 82 The total project points for the 10 girls in the class is 6820 The total project points for the 10 girls in the class is 5970

Expanded Model Using similar concepts the model could be expanded to include concepts of teachers, classes, etc The expanded model could look like the following

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In our research paper titled "Qualitative Analysis on Tax Evasion and Reasons for Reluctance to Join ATL in Pakistan," we delve into the intricate dynamics of tax compliance and explore the underlying reasons why individuals in Pakistan might hesitate to become a part of the Active Taxpayer List (ATL) within the framework of business law and taxation. With a multidisciplinary approach, our team of five researchers embarked on an in-depth exploration of tax evasion behaviors and the factors influencing them. Through qualitative analysis, we aimed to unravel the complex interplay of socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors shaping tax compliance attitudes among Pakistani taxpayers. Drawing on a diverse range of qualitative research methods, including interviews, focus groups, and content analysis, we gathered rich insights from a diverse sample of individuals representing various sectors of the economy. By immersing ourselves in the lived experiences and perceptions of taxpayers, tax advisors, and legal experts, we uncovered nuanced perspectives on tax evasion practices and attitudes toward ATL membership. Our findings highlight the multifaceted nature of tax evasion in Pakistan, shedding light on both the motivations driving non-compliance and the barriers to ATL enrollment. From perceived inefficiencies in the tax system to cultural norms and trust deficits in governmental institutions, our research identifies a myriad of factors contributing to tax evasion behavior and reluctance to join ATL. Furthermore, our study offers valuable implications for policymakers, tax authorities, and business stakeholders seeking to enhance tax compliance and foster a culture of transparency and accountability in Pakistan's taxation landscape. By addressing the underlying drivers of tax evasion and promoting the benefits of ATL membership, policymakers can design more effective strategies to broaden the tax base and promote sustainable economic development. In conclusion, our research paper represents a comprehensive endeavor to deepen our understanding of tax compliance dynamics in Pakistan and elucidate the complexities surrounding ATL enrollment. By unraveling the intricacies of tax evasion behaviors and attitudes, we hope to contribute to informed policymaking and foster a culture of tax compliance and integrity in Pakistan's business and taxation environment.

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PHX May 2024 Corporate Presentation Final

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Problem Survey

1. Obtaining Information from a Database Management System

2. Overview Models are used to

3. Background Student’s grades are comprised of grades for individual projects, group projects, and extra credit projects. Each grade is on a scale of 0 to 100. Student information, including grades, is stored in the school’s computer system The information is stored in a database system that organizes the information logically into tables The entries in the student table contains basic information about the student – name, address, sex, phone number, etc Entries in another table stores information about projects – for example name of the project, date assigned, date due and the grade For an individual project, each entry on the project table is associated with an entry on the student table The following diagram shows how the information is stored in the two tables

4. Database Model for Individual projects Student Project First Name Last Name M/F Email address Date of Birth Number Date Assigned Date Due (mm/dd/yy) Grade (0 – 100) 1 Many The line between shows the relationship between entries on each table. In this case, it indicates that each student has many given many projects.

5.

6.

7. Group projects Group projects are given to 2 or more students For each group project, there is one grade given to the group. Each student in the group gets the same grade for the project. Like individual projects, the information for each group project is stored as an entry in the project table

8.

9.

10. Class Information 5 individual projects have been assigned 2 Group Projects The highest possible score for a student is therefore (7*100) = 700 points There are 20 students in the class – 10 boys and 10 girls

11. Analysis As part of a class analysis, using the database system, the teacher finds the following for her class: The average for the class for the group projects is 82 The total project points for the 10 girls in the class is 6820 The total project points for the 10 girls in the class is 5970

12. Expanded Model Using similar concepts the model could be expanded to include concepts of teachers, classes, etc The expanded model could look like the following