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Text, Tags and Thumbnails: Latest Trends in Bioscience Literature Search Special Libraries Association Pharmaceutical & Health Technologies Division Spring Meeting March 22, 2009 Some research reported here supported by NSF DBI-0317510 and a gift from Genentech   Marti A. Hearst Associate Professor UC Berkeley
Tutorial Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Let’s get acquainted
Fundamentals of UI Design
Principles of HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What makes for a good/bad user experience? Your examples?
My (subtle) example Paying my taxes online, March 2009.
 
 
 
 
 
Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
User-Centered Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
User Interface Design is an Iterative Process Design Prototype Evaluate
Rapid Prototyping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Telebears example
Telebears example: Task 4: Adding a course
Why Do Prototypes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Design Guidelines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results of Using Heuristic Evaluation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Decreasing Returns ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],problems found benefits / cost
Affordances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Affordances of a Teapot?
 
Affordances of an iPod?
Small Details Matter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Small Details Matter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Small Details Matter ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Time for a Break!
Searching Bioscience Literature
Double Exponential Growth in  Bioscience Journal Articles ,[object Object]
BioText Project Goals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Importance of Figures and Captions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Our Idea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Developing the  BioText Search Interface ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Related Work ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pilot Usability Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Participants
Captions + Figure View
 
 
 
Captions + Figure & Thumbnails
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Results, cont. ,[object Object],[object Object]
Current Design http://biosearch.berkeley.edu
Current Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Second Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Second Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How Likely to Use Interface?
Full Text View: Favorable Aspects
Full Text View: Unfavorable Aspects
Figure Caption Views:  Favorable Aspects
Figure Caption Views:  Unfavorable Aspects
Table View: Favorable Aspects
Table View: Unfavorable Aspects
Showing Related Terms in Bioscience Literature Search Needs assessment and low-fi evaluation
First Questionnaire ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Participants’ Characteristics
Results Related Information Type  Avg rating  # selecting 1 or 2   Gene ’s  Synonyms 4.4 2  Gene ’s  Synonyms refined by organism 4.0 2  Gene ’s  Homologs 3.7 5  Genes from same family: parents 3.4 7  Genes from same family: children  3.6 4  Genes from same family: siblings  3.2 9  Genes this gene interacts with 3.7 4  Diseases this gene is associated with  3.4 6  Chemicals/drugs this gene is associated with  3.2  8  Localization information for this gene  3.7 3  1   2   3     4 5   (Do NOT want this)     (Neutral)   (REALLY want this)
Second Questionnaire ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Design 1: Baseline
Design 2: Links
Design 3: Checkboxes
Design 4: Grouped Links
Results 2.5 47 9 2 (links) 1.6 0 0 1 (baseline) 2.6 53 10 4 (grouped links) 3.3 79 15 3 (checkboxes) % # Average rating (1=low, 4=high) Participants who rated design 1st or 2nd  Design
Results: More Detail ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Results: More Detail ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary: BioText Search Studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Time for a Break!
More on Search Interfaces
Useful Search Interface Tropes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Useful Search Interface Tropes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
NextBio
NextBio
 
NextBio
NextBio
 
 
Oops …
Faceted Navigation Improving collection search interfaces
What we want to Achieve ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Main Idea ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Problem With Hierarchy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],otter penguin robin salmon wolf cobra bat Skin Covering Locomotion Diet robin bat wolf penguin otter, seal salmon robin bat salmon wolf cobra otter penguin seal robin penguin salmon cobra bat otter wolf
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Problem with Hierarchy
The Problem With Hierarchy start fur scales feathers swim fly run slither fur scales feathers fur scales feathers fish rodents insects fish rodents insects fish rodents insects fish rodents insects fish rodents insects fish rodents insects fish rodents insects fish rodents insects fish rodents insects salmon bat robin wolf …
The Idea of Facets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Idea of Facets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Anatomy Eye Disease Glacoma Species Zebrafish Drug Rx2 Rx3 Rx1
Example: Nobel Prize Winners Collection (Before and After Facets)
Only One Way to View Laureates
First, Choose Prize Type
Next, view the list! The user must first choose an  Award type (literature), then browse through the laureates in  chronological order. No choice is given to, say organize by year and then award, or by country, then decade, then award, etc.
Flamenco Interface: Using Hierarchical Faceted Metadata
Opening View Select literature from PRIZE facet
Group results by YEAR facet
Select 1920’s from YEAR facet
Current query is PRIZE > literature AND YEAR: 1920’s.  Now remove PRIZE > literature
Now Group By YEAR > 1920’s
Hierarchy Traversal: Group By YEAR > 1920’s, and drill down to 1921
Select an individual item
Use Endgame to expand out
Use Endgame to expand out
Or use “More like this” to find similar items
Start a new search using keyword “California”
Note that category structure remains after the keyword search
The query is now a keyword ANDed with a facet subhierarchy
Advantages of Faceted Navigation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advantages of Faceted Metadata ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aquabrowser:  Faceted Navigation in a DL Shown on lens.lib.uchicago.edu
AquaBrowser
 
 
 
 
Results after Refinement
Time for a Break!
Tags and other Social Media
Two Main Points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
User-contributed content is exploding!
Social Information & Search ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Actions of the Many vs. Individual ,[object Object],[object Object]
Actions of the Many vs. Individual ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Actions of the Many vs. the Individual ,[object Object],[object Object]
Social Tagging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Popular pages  on del.icio.us
Visitor tagging at Powerhouse Museum
Tagging is Controversial! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],Professional Cataloguer: “ Everything I know isn't in the picture!”
The Tagging Opportunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Tagging Opportunity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tagging Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],See how this author attempts to compensate:
Tagging Problems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research Questions for Tags & Search ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interface for adding tags on del.icio.us
Effects of Interface ,[object Object]
Research Questions for Tags & Search ,[object Object],office  desk  plants  windows  shadows Who will identify the  plant species in  this image?
Research Questions for Tags & Search ,[object Object],[object Object]
Research Questions for Tags &  Society ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Research Questions for Tags & Search ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How to Create Faceted Hierarchies? Our Approach: Castanet (Stoica, Hearst, & Merichar, HLT-NAACL ’07)
Example: Biology Journal Titles Castanet Output (shown in Flamenco)
Example: Biology Journal Titles Castanet Output (shown in Flamenco)
Castanet Algorithm ,[object Object],Documents WordNet Get  hypernym paths Select  terms Build  tree Compress tree Divide into facets
Will Castanet Work on Tags? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Example Photos & Captions  (King & Towle) very scary x-mas tree Hp presentation chasing a cat in the dark My cat
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tag Clouds Explained
What does a typical tag cloud look like?
Definition ,[object Object]
Definition ,[object Object]
del.icio.us
del.icio.us
blogs
Alternative: “Semantic” Layout ,[object Object],[object Object]
I was puzzled by the questions: ,[object Object],[object Object]
On the positive side: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weirdnesses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Violates Principles of Perceptual Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Weirdnesses ,[object Object],[object Object]
Weirdnesses ,[object Object]
Two Studies of Use in Information Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tag Cloud Study (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tag Cloud Study (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Interviews ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Surprise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Suggested main purposes: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tag Clouds as Self-Descriptions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Tag Clouds as showing “Trends” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
New Perspective: Tag Clouds are Social! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Follow-up Study ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Role of Popularity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Role of Navigation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Aesthetic Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Trends again ,[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of Stated Reasons for Tag Clouds (Note: some refuted by studies)
Tag Clouds as Social Information ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What about IBM’s many eyes project??
Implications ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusions on Tagging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Text, Tags and Thumbnails: Latest Trends in Bioscience Literature Search