12. THE ZEITGEIST THEORY OF LEADERSHIP
• Forsyth, Leo Tolstoy
• "zeitgeist“
– the social circumstances at the time
• Situationist researchers
– social behavior
– situationism
26. IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
1. Initiates action
2. Motivation
3. Providing guidance
4. Creating confidence
5. Building morale
6. Builds work
environment
7. Co-ordination
27. LEADERSHIP STYLES - IMPORTANT
LEADERSHIP STYLES
• Autocratic leadership style
• The Laissez Faire Leadership Style
• Democrative/Participative leadership style
• Bureaucratic leadership
28. LEADERSHIP ETHICS –
TRAITS OF AN ETHICAL LEADER
Dignity and respectfulness
Serving others
Justice
Community building
Honesty
29. THREE TRAITS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
1. Character of the leaders is important as it
defines who they are, what they will do, and
what they would not do, and what they
stand for
2. Ability to be a visionary and have a sense of
future possibilities
3. Personal relationships
30. EFFECTIVE
• Inspire the Vision
• Model the Way
• Challenge the Status Quo
• Encourage the Heart
• Enabling Others to Act
31.
32. LEADER VERSUS MANAGER Cont…
Basis Manager Leader
Origin
A person becomes a manager by
virtue of his position.
A person becomes a leader on
basis of his personal qualities.
Formal
Rights
Manager has got formal rights in an
organization because of his status.
Rights are not available to a
leader.
Followers
The subordinates are the followers
of managers.
The group of employees whom
the leaders leads are his
followers.
33. LEADER VERSUS MANAGER
Basis Manager Leader
Functions
A manager performs all five
functions of management.
Leader influences people to work
willingly for group objectives.
Necessity
A manager is very essential to a
concern.
A leader is required to create
cordial relation between person
working in and for organization.
Stability It is more stable. Leadership is temporary.
34. LEADER VERSUS MANAGER
Basis Manager Leader
Mutual
Relationship
All managers are leaders. All leaders are not managers.
Accountability
Manager is accountable for self
and subordinates behavior and
performance.
Leaders have no well defined
accountability.
Concern
A manager’s concern is
organizational goals.
A leader’s concern is group
goals and member’s
satisfaction.
35. LEADER VERSUS MANAGER Cont…
Basis Manager Leader
Followers
People follow manager by
virtue of job description.
People follow them on voluntary
basis.
Role
continuation
A manager can continue in
office till he performs his duties
satisfactorily in congruence with
organizational goals.
A leader can maintain his
position only through day to day
wishes of followers.
Sanctions
Manager has command over
allocation and distribution of
sanctions.
A leader has command over
different sanctions and related
task records. These sanctions are
essentially of informal nature.
36. REFERENCES
• oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
• Theo Jung: "Zeitgeist im langen 18. Jahrhundert. Dimensionen eines
umstrittenen Begriffs", in: Achim Landwehr (ed.): Frühe Neue Zeiten.
Zeitwissen zwischen Reformation und Revolution, Bielefeld 2012, 319-355;
idem: "The Politics of Time: Zeitgeist in Early Nineteenth-Century Political
Discourse", in: Contributions to the History of Concepts 9, Nr. 1 (2014), 24-
49.
• Zeitgeist "spirit of the epoch" and Nationalgeist "spirit of a nation" in L.
Meister, Eine kurze Geschichte der Menschenrechte (1789). der frivole
Welt- und Zeitgeist ("the frivolous spirit of the world and the time") in
Lavater, Handbibliothek für Freunde 5 (1791), p. 57. Zeitgeist is popularized
by Herder and Goethe. Zeitgeist in Grimm, Deutsches Wörterbuch.
• Eero Saarinen (2006), Shaping the Future, Yale University Press, p. 15,
ISBN 978-0-972-48812-9
• c.f. use of the phrase der Geist seiner Zeit ("the spirit of his time") in
Lectures on the Philosophy of History, for example, "no man can surpass
his own time, for the spirit of his time is also his own spirit." Glenn
Alexander Magee (2010), "Zeitgeist (p. 262)", The Hegel Dictionary,
London: A & C Black, ISBN 978-1-847-06591-9
37. REFERENCES Cont…
• Hegel, letter of 13 October 1806 to F. I. Niethammer, no. 74 (p. 119)
in Briefe von und an Hegel ed. Hoffmeister, vol. 1 (1970). See also H.
Schnädelbach in Wolfgang Welsch, Klaus Vieweg (eds.), Das
Interesse des Denkens: Hegel aus heutiger Sicht, Wilhelm Fink
Verlag (2003), p. 223, T. Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography, (2000), p. 228.
• Hendrix, John Shannon. Aesthetics & The Philosophy Of Spirit. New
York: Peter Lang. (2005). 4, 11.
• Forsyth, D. R. (2009). Group dynamics: New York: Wadsworth.
[Chapter 9]
• "Silicon Valley's Trouble with Innovation". MIT Technology Review.
• "Peter Thiel". Bloomberg.
• "Max Levchin". MIT Technology Review.
• Nicholas Carr (6 July 2012). "Why Modern Innovation Traffics in
Trifles - WSJ". WSJ.
• Vinod Khosla. "Vinod Khosla: Maintain the Silicon Valley Vision". The
New York Times.
38. REFERENCES Cont…
• "The Book - Innovation Zeitgeist". eclicktick.com.
• Simonton, Dean K. (1980). "Thematic fame, melodic
originality, and musical zeitgeist: A biographical and
transhistorical content analysis". Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology. 38 (6): 972–983.
doi:10.1037/0022-3514.38.6.972. ISSN 0022-3514.
• Form, Sven (2018-01-30). "Reaching Wuthering Heights
with Brave New Words: The Influence of Originality of
Words on the Success of Outstanding Best-Sellers". The
Journal of Creative Behavior. doi:10.1002/jocb.230.
ISSN 0022-0175.
39. REFERENCES Cont…
• Thomas Carlyle, "The Hero as Divinity" in: Heroes and Hero-Worship
(1840).
• Hirsch, E.D. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Third Edition),
Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 2002.
• Carlyle, Thomas. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in
History, Fredrick A. Stokes & Brother, New York, 1888. p. 2.
• Sidney Hook (1955) The Hero in History, Boston: Beacon Press, p. 14
• Sidney Hook (1955) The Hero in History, Boston: Beacon Press, p.
22.
• Woods, F. A. 1913. The Influence of Monarchs: Steps in a New
Science of History. New York, NY: Macmillan.
• As to Hegel and Nietzsche: Edelstein, Alan (1996) Everybody is
Sitting on the Curb: How and why America's Heroes Disappeared
Greenwood. ISBN 9780275953645 Thomas Carlyle, "The Hero as
Divinity" in: Heroes and Hero-Worship (1840).
40. REFERENCES Cont…
• Hirsch, E.D. The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Third
Edition), Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 2002.
• Carlyle, Thomas. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic
in History, Fredrick A. Stokes & Brother, New York, 1888. p.
2.
• Sidney Hook (1955) The Hero in History, Boston: Beacon
Press, p. 14
• Sidney Hook (1955) The Hero in History, Boston: Beacon
Press, p. 22.
• Woods, F. A. 1913. The Influence of Monarchs: Steps in a
New Science of History. New York, NY: Macmillan.
• As to Hegel and Nietzsche: Edelstein, Alan (1996) Everybody
is Sitting on the Curb: How and why America's Heroes
Disappeared Greenwood. ISBN 9780275953645
41. REFERENCES Cont…
• As to Kierkegaard: Evjen, John Oluf (1938) The Life of J. H.
W. Stuckenberg: Theologian, Philosopher, Sociologist, Friend
of Humanity Luther Free Church Publishing.
• As to Spengler, Nietzsche, Bloy and Weber: Saul, John
Ralston (2012) The Doubter's Companion: A Dictionary of
Aggressive Common Sense New York: Simon & Schuster. p.
58 ISBN 9781476718941
• Bishop, P. (2004). Nietzsche and Antiquity: His Reaction and
Response to the Classical Tradition. Camden House. p. 94.
ISBN 9781571132826. Retrieved 2015-05-18.
• Kierkegaard, Søren. Fear and Trembling. Preliminary
Expectoration.
• Hegel, G. W. F. [1837]. Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree
(New York: Dover, 1956), 30.
42. REFERENCES Cont…
• Segal, Robert A. Hero Myths, Wiley-Blackwell, 2000, p. 3.
• Spencer, Herbert. The Study of Sociology, Appleton, 1896, p. 31.
• James, William (1880), "Great Men, Great Thoughts, and the
Environment“
• Tolstoy, L. 2010. War and Peace. Oxford, MA: Oxford University
Press Bk. IX, ch. 1
• Hook, S. 1943. The Hero in History. A Study in Limitation and
Possibility. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. p. 116
• On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History, Edited by
David R. Sorensen and Brent E. Kinser, Yale University Press, 2013,
pp. 2-3.
• Faulkner, Robert (2007), The Case for Greatness: Honorable
Ambition and Its Critics, Yale University Press, p. 210.
