Pd writing guideline

2008 © GRP ODJM_ Job Management Workshop 1
Position Description (PD) Writing
© 2008 PETROLIAM NASIONAL BERHAD (PETRONAS)
All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by
any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the permission of the copyright owner
Prepared By:
Group Organisation Design & Job Management
COPY For OPU/HCU HRM Line & Line Departments

There are 6 elements required in PD writing
•Job Purpose
•Key Accountabilities
•Dimension
•Key Performance Indicators
•Competency Requirement
•Major Challenges

•Job Purpose
•Dimension
•Major Challenges

Writing a PD
Job Purpose
• Describes why the job exists and the essential end result the job will
produce in order to contribute in meeting the organisation’s or
division’s or department’s business objective.
• It is generally in the form of a single sentence and answers questions
such as:
– What part of the organisation's total purpose is accomplished by
this job?
(What does he/she do?)
– What is the unique contribution to the organisation?
(What does it affect?)
– What would not get done if this job does not exist and why do we
need this job at all?
(Why does he/she do it?)

•Job Purpose
•Dimension
•Major Challenges

Writing a PD
Accountability or Major Task
These are statements that reflect actions to be carried out
and the expected end results or output
that will contribute to achieve the job purpose.
These represent 8 to 12 major outputs expected of the job
It answers the question of
“What are the main areas in which this job must get results
in order to achieve its purpose?”
It is:
A statement of Promise and Commitment
1. An Agreement to clarify, negotiate and communicate
2. Cannot be delegated
3. Neither shared nor conditional

POSITION
TITLE
ACTION VERBS
( What does
he/she do ?)
SUBJECT
MATTER (What
does it affect?)
HOW
(Qualifies the
‘What”)
WHY?
( Impact / Result
Expected)
1. Manager
(Shift
Operations)
Manage and control
MLNG operation to
produce continuous and
sufficient supply of sales
gas, ethane, propane
and butane
by maintaining high
standard of plant safety
requirement and
production planning
to ensure uninterrupted
supply of LNG/LPG
products to MLNG
customers and optimum
Annual Delivery Plan (ADP)
can be achieved.
2. Senior
Manager
(Insurance)
Strategize and manage
the insurance
procurement exercise
for any new
international venture in
OPU
by obtaining adequate
insurance coverage at
competitive terms within
the set time frame
in meeting OPU’s business
requirement.
Writing a PD
Job Accountabilities or Major Tasks
KEY ACCOUNTABILITIES

Writing a PD
Examples of Verbs to Describe Accountabilities
• Advise
• Approve
• Authorise
• Align
• Adopt
• Control
• Decide
• Develop
• Direct
• Determine
• Define
• Design
• Establish
• Formulate
• Forecast
• Guide
• Analyse
• Administer
• Check
• Collate
• Consolidate
• Compile
• Compute
• Distribute
• Disseminate
• Gather
• Implement
• Investigate
• Monitor
SHAPING /
AUTHORITIVE ROLE
TASK / ACTIVITY ROLE
Improve
Innovate
Inteprete
Integrate
Influence
Identify
Plan
Regulate
Resolve
Review
Strategise
• Advise
• Analyse
• Assess
• Align
• Adopt/Adapt
• Conduct
• Communicate
• Coordinate
• Diagnose
• Design
• Enforce
• Evaluate
• Examine
• Facilitate
• Implement
• Investigate
• Improve
EXECUTION/
SUPPORTING ROLE
• Inteprete
• Instruct
• Innovate
• Integrate
• Plan
• Propose
• Review
• Research
• Resolve
• Recommend
• Specify
• Set
• Study
• Strategise
• Translate
• Operate
• Process
• Plan
• Prepare
• Scan
• Track
• Verify

•Job Purpose
•Dimension
•Major Challenges

Writing a PD
Dimensions
Quantities, in terms of financial & staffing figures,
for which the job has some direct or indirect impact in managing.
Example :
•Financial - e.g. Annual budgets, project costs, annual revenue, sales
turnover, assets controlled, project size, purchase value, etc.
•Expenditure (Value of Assets Managed) - Capital, payroll and operating
expenditure
•Staff - Total number of employees

•Job Purpose
•Dimension
•Major Challenges

Writing a PD
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
• KPI is a relative measure of the performance of an organisation.
• KPI can also be used to indicate the performance of specific
activities in the organisation directly affecting the value of that
organisation.
“ What Gets Measured, Gets Done !”

Writing a PD
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Shareholders Value
Revenue Growth & Mix
• Economic Earnings
• Sales Revenue
• Gross Margin
• Profit Margin
• Earnings Per Share
• No. of new contract approved
• No. of new business/market discovered
• No. of new JV's
Cost Reduction/Productivity Improvement
• Unit Production Cost
• Unit Total Cost
• Operating Expense / Production Volume
• Time taken for negotiation process
Asset Utilisation
• Return on Investment
• % chargeable manhours
• No. of new software used
• No. of unutilized working space
• Return on capital employed
• Facilities maintenance cycle time
• Usage rate of facilities (meeting &
conference room)

Writing a PD
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Market Focus
Market Position
• Market share
• Growth share
• Account share
• Percent of sales distribution
• Number of bids
• Number of new accounts
• New sales/total sales
• Revenue by product/market
application/account type
• Economic profit by product/market/account
type
• Volume by product
• Percent of sales from repeat business
• Penetration rate of target accounts
• OEM approvals
• OEM share
• Locked-in revenue
• Project approvals
• Win/loss rate
• Potential revenue in sales pipeline
• Marketing contribution/marketing assets
• Selling costs/sales
Customer Satisfaction
• Retention rate/customer turnover rate
• Percent of sales from top 10/20 accounts
• Percent of product rejected
• Service level
• On-time/on-spec. deliveries as percent of
total
• Number of complaints
• Satisfaction survey
• Request vs. commit rate
• Commit vs. actual rate
• Percent of potential customers
• Frequency of surveys to customers
• Creditors/average daily purchases
• Buying costs/purchases
• Current assets/sales
• Overhead/maximum sales
• Sales of product group A, B, C/total sales
• Rent/maximum sales
• Salaries/maximum sales
• Debtors/sales
• Operating profit/operating assets
• Target gross profit/sales

Writing a PD
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Market Focus
MARKETING EFFICIENCY / CUSTOMER ACQUISITION
• Price premium
• Net price realised
• Number of target accounts
• Number of new accounts
• Percent of sales generated due to client's
initial contact
• Dollars, volume, product sales increases
• New sales to different buyer, location,
application from the same customer
organisation
• Cost-to-serve over sales
• Calls per salesperson
• Sales per salesperson
• EE per salesperson
• Number of distribution channels
• Dollar sales per distribution channel
• Book-to-order
• Book-to-ship
• Percent of sales via EDI
• Price sensitivity to business cycles
• Number of products
• New revenue/selling cost
• No. of emergency reported per month
• Number of sales and marketing expenditures
• Number of promotions
• Number of advertisements
• Number of market feasibility/planning studies
• Number of product pricing studies
• Number of target markets
• Number of sales per salesperson per day
• Total sales/call
• Profit as percent of total sales
• Accounts receivable/average daily sales
• Selling man-hours/dollar sales
• Number of new customers gained
• Number of prospects per week/month
• Travel and entertainment - percent of sales
• Percent accuracy sales forecast
• Customer face time
• Number of contacts
• Brand awareness
• Customer perception score
• Timeliness in royalties & dividends payment
• No. of complaints regarding SAP system
• Improvement of Policies (to enhance Local
participation)
• No. of unanswered call (helpdesk)

Writing a PD
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Operational Excellence
Cash-to-cash
• Days receivable
• Days payable
• Inventory days
• Raw materials
• Intermediates
• End-products
• Delivery-to-commit date
Realisation
• Capacity utilisation
• Net yield
• Uptime
• Raw material yield
• Raw material cost/unit
Productivity
• Revenue/employee
• Man-hours/unit
• Unit cost
• Percent of on-time shipments
• Back orders
• Overtime
• Percent overtime attributed to production
scheduling
• Ratio cost parts and materials to production
costs
• Time lost waiting on material
• No. of leavers/average number of employees
• Average age of senior staff now/average age of
senior staff 5 years ago
• Production cost/sales value of production
• Days to complete consolidated financial
statement

Writing a PD
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs): Operational Excellence
Production
• Direct labour cost/Sales value of production
• Production overheads/Sales value of production
• Production contribution/Production assets
• Actual output /Maximum output
• Sales value of production/Production assets
• Overtime payment/Actual output
• Output cost due to shutdown/Maximum output
• Output cost due to machine being retained or
maintained/Maximum output
Asset Management
• Asset write-off
• Inventory write-off
• Asset turnover
• Inventory turnover
• Percent of turnover of parts and materials
(annualised)
• Percent of reduction cost of inventory from
previous year
• Maintenance cost (scheduled vs. unscheduled)
• Time taken to fill up empty workspace
• Time taken to install new application/software e.g
NADII 2000
Delivery cycle time
• Order cycle time
• Forecast accuracy
• Compliance with regulations
• Compliance to audit timetable
• Staff loans processing time
• Staff claims processing time
• Invoice processing time
• Days salary payment overdue
• Staff promotion/confirmation cycle time

•Job Purpose
•Dimension
•Major Challenges

Writing a PD
Competency Requirements
Qualifications, Experience & Skills/Competencies
– Minimum Qualification, Years & Type of experience, and
Skills/Competencies required to perform the job.
– Gives a general indication of the ‘Know How’ level
expected to perform the job.

•Job Purpose
•Dimension
•Major Challenges

Writing a PD
Major Challenges
Describe the major challenges or complexities faced in performing the job.
Special aspects or major challenges of the job, which is usually related to the
business and/or work environment.
Risk elements inherent to the job.
What are the critical aspects of the job that are to be handled with exceptional
care and how can they be resolved or prevented.
Example:
Risk Factor, Environment / Business Challenges etc.
Example:
To keep abreast of political scenario and statutory regulations
in the host country and ensure PETRONAS staff safety when
dealing with local customers

SAMPLE

Position Title: Executive (Accounts Payable)
Position
Code:
(OPU specific) Job Grade: E1/ E2
Department: (OPU specific) Location: (OPU specific)
Reports to: (OPU specific) Skill Group: 01 (Finance & Accounts)
ROLE PURPOSE
Plan, control, implement and monitor the Company’s Payable activities which includes areas such as payment processing, maintenance of accounts
payable SAP systems, monthly reporting/schedules and to ensure efficiency and adherence to statutory requirements, Company’s policies and
procedures, terms and conditions of agreement, as well as promote good working spirit amongst staff.
NO KEY ACCOUNTABILITIES KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
1 Prepare, review and validate related reports and resolve any discrepancies to ensure
compliance with relevant policies and procedures and data integrity that will facilitate the
payment process…
•Compliance to Group’s Policies and
Procedures…
2 Review and validate all payment documents such as invoices, debit notes, claims and
advances, creditors’ reconciliation and withholding tax for timely and accurate disbursements
and to resolve any disputes as well as to comply with Company’s Policies and Procedures…
•Number of days claims and advances
processed
•Number of days invoice processed…
MAJOR CHALLENGES DIMENSIONS
•Data processing and reports execution are expected to be done efficiency and effectively to
ensure accuracy, within the budget allocation and timely payment…
(OPU specific)
QUALIFICATION BEHAVIOURAL IMPLICATIONS
(OPU specific) (OPU specific)
COMPETENCIES
(OPU specific)
(Source: PETRONAS Generic Job Profiles for E1 & E2, SKG 01 Finance & Accounts)
Approach to Job Management Tools
Key deliverable of Job Analysis is the Position Description
JOB
PURPOSE
KEY
ACCOUNTABILITIES
DIMENSIONS
KEY
PERFORMANCE
INDICATORS
COMPETENCY
REQUIREMENTS
MAJOR
CHALLENGES

EXAMPLES:
Accountabilities : Non- Technical Positions (1)
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
How do you do it? Why do you do it?
Review and formulate the Insurance Participation Structure for any
new risk to be underwritten by Energas in
accordance with its Underwriting Guideline
by developing the rating model for
earned premium against the maximum
risk exposure
to command optimal balance between
income and exposure in generating
profit
Perform Appraisals and feasibility studies of new major
projects and businesses
using financial and valuation models for identification and analysis of
strategic acquisition opportunities in
line with company’s growth and
diversification plans.
Create and sustain a strong quality work culture by co-strategising with O&M
management in developing and
monitoring quality work culture
programs
to achieve a favourable and conducive
organisational climate.
Promote management visibility and control by tracking key performance
indicators and improvement efforts
based on objective measurements
to foster awareness of plant
performance, performance gap
closure and status of continuous
performance improvement
Lead & drive Current Estimated Potential (CEP) activities by proper implementation and
execution of CEP processes in line
with Group's standard & guideline
to facilitate staff career progression
and identification of potential
leaders.
Drive and lead the development of Succession Planning
strategies as a mechanism for OPU Business
continuity
by identifying the concept / approach
and establishment of a comprehensive
Succession Planning structure and in
collaboration with line departments
to achieve adequate and competent
pool of successors.

EXAMPLES:
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
Lead and drive The analysis of Group Learning Budget and
translate it into company business strategies
and plan
By optimizing internal expertise, OPUs
line trainers and external resources in
accordance to the clients’ business
and learning requirements
In line with PETRONAS’ Corporate
Agenda in developing human capital
to support business requirements.
Lead In the facilitation of PETRONAS top
management strategic engagement
In the development and review of
Integrated Country Strategy (ICS) and
Integrated Regional Strategy (IRS)
In order to maximise cross
business/functions value and synergy
across national and regional borders
for global business growth sustenance.
Drive The development and timely update of in-
country integrated scenario plans and possible
implications for selective regions
based on imminent risk events and
sign-posts , and as required by TSP
and top level management
To ensure proactive and robust
country and regional specific tactical
mitigation plans.
Strategize and drive administrative and public relations issues with
government authorities, local community, non
governmental organisation (NGOs) in terms of
policies, systems, practices and procedures
in the most amicable manner taking
into consideration the local
sensitivities, government rules and
regulations
to sustain good relationship with local
communities, government agencies
and NGOs.
Identify priority audit areas for OPUs/HCUs by monitoring the development of
OPUs/HCUs risk profile, including
ascertaining the factual accuracy of
current risk profile, to provide
objective assurance on internal
controls, risk management and
governance to stakeholders
in order to develop sound audit
strategy, focus and approach.

EXAMPLES:
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
Lead and drive PETRONAS and non PETRONAS local and
international clients technical learning,
development and customized programs for
executive and non-executive
through effective delivery and
evaluation of the learning solutions
and regular post-programme reviews
with Learning Specialists Pool
to enhance people capability and
competency in order to support
PETRONAS aspiration to be Global
Championship as well as branding
PETRONAS as reputable world class
technical learning provider.
Lead and Drive the PTP standard and customized programs for
local and international students
through effective delivery and
evaluation of the learning programs
and regular post-programme reviews
with Learning Specialists Pool to
enhance people capability and
competency
in order to support PETRONAS
branding as a reputable world class
technical learning provider.
Strategize and drive the existing status of INSTEP as a recognized
technical learning centre in providing statutory
accreditation to PETRONAS executive and non-
executive technical staff (such as Boiler
Certificate, Internal Combustion Engine, AO /
BO Chargeman Certificate )
through addressing the legislative
requirements of DOSH and
Suruhanjaya Tenaga on the standards
competency accreditation in line with
the Group aspiration
to develop a highly competent
workforce in positioning INSTEP as
Technical Centre of Excellence.
Provide effective consultancy and analytical support to
COG Heads on key developments in external
environment, competitor analysis, internal
analysis and benchmarking
through critical assessment, relevant
analyses and drawing of insights
for COG business performance and
business expansion.
Identify, strategise and
develop
PSO ‘Engagement Plan’ for the Government of
Southern Sudan and the Southern community
to obtain support and buy-in
through implementation of effective
relationship building initiatives/CSR
programs and collaboration with
‘North Government’
as to achieve PETRONAS group
strategic goals and to sustain its
position as ‘Partner of Choice’

EXAMPLES:
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
Provide Country Risk expertise and advice to Top
Management of PETRONAS Group of Companies
To achieve engagement, alignment,
and understanding of country and
regional exposures for effective
stewardship of PETRONAS’
international business to realize the
end-state of Global Championship.
Identify and resolve any arising dispute over EPSA, COPA, COTA and
tender/contract awarding issues
ensuring feasible “triple win”
approach for host governments,
partners and PETRONAS while
preserving the strategic alliances.
Provide direction and advice to PETRONAS Group of Companies in Sudan
with respect to adherence to Brand Standards
& Guidelines
to ensure compliance to local
regulatory requirement and its impact
to the community and PETRONAS
Establish, maintain and
manage
close working relationship and networking with
relevant Government contacts, politicians,
partners, major contractors and external
advisors so as to leverage on ‘insider/external
information’ intelligence on security threat
and/or for business opportunities
that will impact positively on
PETRONAS business operations and
positioning
DISCLAIMER : These are mainly SAMPLES to assist the PD Writer in understanding the structure of writing and
capturing the essence of his/her Job Accountabilities. It is not meant to review and judge the
task/accountability that has been highlighted and written in the samples provided above.

EXAMPLES:
Accountabilities : Technical Positions (1)
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
Approve and certify the ICE and Steam Boiler instructions and
procedures for the steam and distribution
system at CUF
by reviewing the effectiveness of manuals
and procedures based on the
synchronization of work plan strategy from
the relevant departments
in order to ensure there is no
interruption of supply of steam and
power generation to enable
continuous plant facilities production
while ensuring its safety.
Identify and lead feasibility studies on modification e.g
debottleneck study, design and safety
review, hazard and operability study, and
risk assessment on any process and/or
equipment modification
by reviewing current process and
benchmarking of proposed modifications
to ensure plant safety and integrity
are not affected.
Study and propose Centralised Utility Facilities Division’s
Key Plan and Budget Input (KPBI)
by doing benchmarking of historical data
and verifying with customers
so that CUF feedstock/fuel are
identified and production planning is
done to the requirement of the
business and customers
Plan and prepare shutdown and start-up sequence by incorporating requirements “ensuring no
shortage of products to our customer” from
Plant Producton Planning (PPL) and Plant
Operation Department (Operation)
Plan and prepare
Strategise gas monetization opportunities with PCSB
via the development of GTL (Gas to
Liquid) projects
using Sasol technology including the market
evaluation, business and project
development, testing and certification of
GTL products,
to create value to PETRONAS
upstream and GTL business unit.
Manage and optimize the operation of gas transmission system through evaluation of pipeline system
simulation results, compressor station
operability matrix, coordination of
maintenance activities
to ensure continuous gas supply and
efficient operation of gas transmission
system

EXAMPLES:
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
Establish and manage the interaction with relevant government
agencies, national & international
organisations and PETRONAS Groups on
occupational health & hygiene management
by organising visits and meetings to ensure close rapport and
networking with relevant
stakeholders.
Plan, facilitate and monitor successful execution of Health / Chemical
Risk assessments and closure of mitigating
measures at operating divisions
by reviewing, analysing and
appropriately intervening
in order to protect personnel health
risks due to workplace health hazards
Establish and manage good relations with the State Government,
local authorities, government bodies and
members of the public, users and
neighbouring plants on matters relevant to
the BAKIPC business
through regular working visits, social
events
to ensure issues pertaining to
operations, land matters and public
complains are tactfully resolved and
approved.
Develop Technical analyses on insurability and cost
benefit effect
By determining viability of self-insuring
certain PETRONAS assets or risks
through direct self-retention or
utilization of insurance captive
company, Energas (L) Ltd.
To generate company profit and avoid
over-commitment in underwriting
business which can lead to monetary
losses.
Determine and establish effective maintenance schedule, critical
spares and materials requirements
by benchmarking with manufacturer
recommendation, industry standards,
best practices, PDOC maintenance and
operation philosophy
to achieve target reliability of all
equipment
Lead and manage the overall production planning at PPTSB in
collaboration with MPSG
by running economics analysis on
market forecast to set planning mode
and direction for PPTSB
so as to maximize PETRONAS overall
margin.

EXAMPLES:
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
Strategize, develop and
execute
the Business requirement on the optimization
of fuel, optimization of equipment rotation
and preserving the standby equipments for
the steam boilers / ICE and power generation
by reviewing on a continuous basis the
operating mode based on customers
demand and developing the long term
and short term Masterplan
in order to reduce operating cost and
maximize equipment life span.
Lead the economics evaluations to determine the
breakeven cost or price for any new
commercial negotiation on feedstock,
blendstock, product and utilities
purchase/sale
by coordinating and participating in the
commercial discussion/ negotiation
in order to obtain the best deal for
PPTSB and maximising refinery profit.
Determine and establish effective maintenance schedule, critical
spares and materials requirements
by benchmarking with manufacturer
recommendation, industry standards,
best practices, PDOC maintenance and
operation philosophy
to achieve target reliability of all
equipment.
Lead and drive TFDD Databank Management by providing procedure and platform to
user departments in methods to
classify, control and archive project
documents such as as-built drawing,
calculation, specification and data
sheet
to ensure records are complete,
updated and accessible as reference
for future projects.
Lead the overall development of the project
implementation plan and contracting
strategies which addresses and defines all
necessary technical and engineering
elements, taking into consideration cost and
schedule benefits
to ensure project is implemented in
safe, environmentally friendly and
brings value in project development
to PETRONAS group.

EXAMPLES:
What do you
do?
What is the subject
matter?
Controls and enhances to safety compliance within the Area
Maintenance Team and renders prompt
recommendation during plant emergency
situation
to minimise plant downtime
Lead the implementation of Computerized
Maintenance Management System (CMMS) in
maintenance activities /programs as per best
practice
to ensure efficiency of maintenance
planning
Lead the overall development of the project
implementation plan and contracting
strategies which addresses and defines all
necessary technical and engineering
elements, taking into consideration cost and
schedule benefits
to ensure project is implemented in
safe, environmentally friendly and
brings value in project development
to PETRONAS group
DISCLAIMER : These are mainly SAMPLES to assist the PD Writer in understanding the structure of writing and
capturing the essence of his/her Job Accountabilities. It is not meant to review and judge the
task/accountability that has been highlighted and written in the samples provided above.

EXAMPLES:
Developing Positions Description
What do you
do?
The action verbs to
describe the task
What is the subject
matter?
How do you do it?
How you do it must qualify the
action verbs that you are
describing
Why do you do it?
What is the ultimate result
expected?
Based on the accountabilities given, dissect them in the tables below:
• “Liaise and coordinate with line departments in recruiting new permanent staff to fill vacant positions.”
• “Prepare and update monthly recruitment reporting such as vacancy status and recruitment rate ensure integrity of data.”
• “Advise Production Department on the operation of the process units with the correct parameters in accordance with the Unit Regulation from the
Planning Department in order to get the optimum results. Recommend modifications required to achieve the targeted production results regular
monitoring of the online plant data information and by conducting refinery test runs, plant troubleshooting, laboratory test results review and then
evaluate the results for deviations for corrective actions.”
• “Carry out new studies and project to improve plant operating.”
• “Identify and monitor Process Safety related statutory requirements within assigned areas, such as OSHA, DOSH, CIMAH etc, and implement these
requirements to ensure compliance with the regulatory requirements.”
• “Coordinate and implement Company’s recognition system and visual management in order to enhance the company’s performance-driven culture”
• “Advice PETRONAS Top Management on the development and review of Relationship Management Strategies on key stakeholders in the respective
host countries (e.g. host government, statutory bodies etc) to ensure value-creating business building relationship and strategic engagement/alliances
with the key stakeholders to position PETRONAS as a partner of choice.”
• “Create, maintain and monitor Purchase order and Service Entry Sheet using SAP and e-procurement system to ensure the payment will be made by
Finance Department in a timely manner.”
• “Execute sale orders from buyers and prepare loading orders & delivery orders for sale of methanol, ammonia and urea.”
• “Plan and supervise work activities of the Occupational Safety Sections by preparing work schedule and effective documentation of reports such as
Permit To Work and Job Hazard Safety Analysis (JHSA).”

Pd writing guideline

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (12)

Similar to Pd writing guideline

Similar to Pd writing guideline (20)

Pd writing guideline