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Birds in the Ancient 
Egyptian and Coptic 
Alphabets 
François Gaudard
The alphabetical lists found in the above-mentioned papyri follow the 
same model with only minor divergences consisting of the presence or 
absence of certain sounds or dealing with the position 
of some letters in two different lineages of tradition. 
Although the position of several letters, such as h, is well established, 
the alphabetical list presented in table 6.1, whose reconstruction is 
based on the combination of the data of the lists known to this day, 
remains tentative. Letters whose position is not yet well attested or 
which have been omitted in some lists are given in parentheses. 
Moreover, the identification of some birds still poses problems and in 
some cases variant writings of the same bird name are attested. Note 
that the mosquito (ḫlms) was included among birds, presumably 
because it is also a flying creature.
Birds in the ancient egyptian and coptic alphabets
Birds in the ancient egyptian and coptic alphabets
Birds in the ancient egyptian and coptic alphabets
Birds in the ancient egyptian and coptic alphabets
Birds in the ancient egyptian and coptic alphabets

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Birds in the ancient egyptian and coptic alphabets

  • 1. Birds in the Ancient Egyptian and Coptic Alphabets François Gaudard
  • 2.
  • 3. The alphabetical lists found in the above-mentioned papyri follow the same model with only minor divergences consisting of the presence or absence of certain sounds or dealing with the position of some letters in two different lineages of tradition. Although the position of several letters, such as h, is well established, the alphabetical list presented in table 6.1, whose reconstruction is based on the combination of the data of the lists known to this day, remains tentative. Letters whose position is not yet well attested or which have been omitted in some lists are given in parentheses. Moreover, the identification of some birds still poses problems and in some cases variant writings of the same bird name are attested. Note that the mosquito (ḫlms) was included among birds, presumably because it is also a flying creature.