5. Padua, September 2007; Düsseldorf, November 2008; Paris, December 2009,
http://oa.mpg.de/openaccess-dus/index.html
國際圖書館協會聯盟對開放近用學術文獻及研究文件的聲明 2003.12.5
公帑贊助研究資料之近用宣言(經濟合作暨發展組織)2004.1.3
30 個經合會組織國家及中國、以色列、俄國與南非, 共同簽署。
OECD Declaration on Access to Research Data From Public Funding
公帑贊助研究資料之之近用原則與基準(經濟合作暨發展組織)2007
2004 年初,經濟合作暨發展組織的科技部長在巴黎集會,發表《公帑贊助研究資料之近用宣
言》,期望在共通的原則下建立基準,更有效地近用公帑贊助的數位研究資料。2007 年,這份
《經濟合作暨發展組織公帑贊助研究資料之之近用原則與基準》正式出爐,由 30 個經濟合作暨
發展組織的國家,以及中國、以色列、俄國與南非等國, 共同簽署。
經濟合作暨發展組織秘書長古瑞亞指出,交換創意、知識與資料是人類進步的基礎也是經濟合
作暨發展組織的核心價值。電腦和網路的發展打開研究素材應用方式,人類基因體計畫是很好
的範例之一,在同一批素材上,全球各地的使用者分別自己的研究。
近用研究資料可增加公帑的投資報酬率、強化開放科學諮詢、鼓勵多元研究與對話、推動新的
研究,不被初步調查者的視野所限。
增加公帑投資在科學研究的回饋。
網際網路不僅產生對研究成果應用的新研究領域,而且對研究的源頭有新的研究,即研究資料
的原始素材。數位的研究資料被應用於原計畫以外的研究領域與產業。
人類基因體計畫(Human Genome Project)是典型的例子,它的資料庫開放給世界各地不同領域的
研究者近用。必須以負責有效率的態度,有效果地近用研究資料,才能充份的掌握資訊通訊技
術帶來的機會與利益。近用研究資料的必要性,在於:
• 善盡管理公共投資之責,必須以真實的資訊為基礎
• 創造強力的創新價值鏈
• 從國際合作中強化價值
更精準地說,改善近用與共享資料的目的是:
• 強化開放地科學提問
• 鼓勵多元的分析與意見
6. • 推動新的研究
• 測試新的或其他的假設與分析方法的可能性
• 支持蒐集資料方法與測量資料的研究
• 促進新研究者的教育
• 探索未被原來調查者發現的主題
• 允許從多個來源創造新的資料集
原則
��.1Openness [開放] - 最低的價格
��.2Flexibility [彈性] -
��.3Transparency [透明]
��.4Legal conformity [合法]
��.5Protection of intellectual property [保護智慧財產]
��.6Formal responsibility [正式負責]
��.7Professionalism [專業]
��.8Interoperability [互換]
��.9Quality [品質]
��.10Security [安全]
��.11Efficiency [效率]
��.12Accountability [問責]
��.13Sustainability [永續]
參考資源
• 格拉斯哥宣言(2002) 图书馆和信息服务机构及信息自由的格拉斯哥宣言 = The Glasgow
Declaration on Libraries, Information Services and Intellectual Freedom = [格拉斯哥宣言:圖
書館、資訊服務及資訊自由] / 國際圖書館協會聯盟, 2002 年,
http://archive.ifla.org/faife/policy/iflastat/gldeclar-cn.pdf
• Berlin 2003, Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities
[柏林宣言: 開放近用科學與人文學知識], October 22, 2003,
http://www.zim.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/berlindeclaration.html; 官方中文譯本,
http://oa.mpg.de/openaccess-berlin/BerlinDeclaration_chin_trad.pdf
7. • Bethesda(2003). Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing = 畢士大開放近用出版宣言,
Released June 20, 2003, http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/bethesda.htm; 官方中文譯本,
http://www.lins.fju.edu.tw/mao/works/bethesda.htm
• BOAI(2002). Budapest Open Access Initiative = 布達佩斯開放近用倡議 2002,
http://www.soros.org/openaccess/read.shtml; 官方中文譯本, http://www.soros.org/openaccess/
choose_language_cn.shtml
• IFLA Statement on open access to scholarly literature and research documentation = [國際圖書
館協會聯盟對開放近用學術文獻及研究文件的聲明], a statement adopted by the Governing
Board of IFLA (the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) at its
meeting in The Hague on 5th December 2003. http://archive.ifla.org/V/cdoc/open-
access04.html
• OECD(2004). OECD Declaration on Access to Research Data From Public Funding = [經濟合
作暨發展組織公帑贊助研究資料之近用宣言], January 30, 2004. AT "Science, Technology
and Innovation for the 21st Century. Meeting of the OECD Committee for Scientific and
Technological Policy at Ministerial Level", 29-30 January 2004 - Final Communique, ANNEX
1., http://www.oecd.org/document/0,2340,en_2649_34487_25998799_1_1_1_1,00.html
• OECD(2007). OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public
Funding = [經濟合作暨發展組織公帑贊助研究資料之近用原則與基準] / Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris : OECD, 2007, 24 p.,
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/9/61/38500813.pdf
• Recommendation concerning the Promotion and Use of Multilingualism and Universal Access
to Cyberspace / 15 October 2003, http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-
URL_ID=17717&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
• Group of Eight (Australia)- the Group of Eight vice-chancellors, representing Australia's pre-
eminent research universities, record their commitment to open access initiatives that will
enhance global access to scholarly information for the public good.
• Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI)- a series of principles for promoting and maintaining
open access developed at a Meeting of the Academies of Sciences in Budapest, January 2003.
• Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities - adopted at
the conference on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, 20-22 Oct 2003,
Berlin.
• Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing - a document drafted during a meeting on April
11, 2003 at the headquarters of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in Chevy Chase,
Maryland, in order to stimulate discussion on open access within the biomedical research
community.
• HHMI Public Access Policy- issued by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) in June,
2007, the policy requires the HHMI's scientists to publish their original research articles in
scientific journals that allow the articles and supplementary materials to be made freely
accessible in a public repository within six months of publication.
• The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Policy on Enhancing Public Access to Archived
Publications Resulting from NIH-Funded Research (Public Access Policy), May 2, 2005.-
"...requests and strongly encourages all investigators to make their NIH-funded peer-reviewed,
author's final manuscript available to other researchers and the public through the NIH National
Library of Medicine's (NLM) PubMed Central (PMC) immediately after the final date of
journal publication."
8. • Open Letter to the U.S. Congress Signed by 26 Nobel Prize Winners (July 8, 2007)- expresses
strong support for the House Appropriations Committee's directive to the National Institutes of
Health (NIH) that requires the NIH Public Access Policy to be made mandatory.
• Washington D.C. principles for free access to science- the principles outlining the commitment
of not-for-profit publishers to providing free access and wide dissemination of research
findings. March 16, 2004.
• Wellcome Trust Position Statement in Support of Open Access Publishing - a statement by the
Wellcome Trust, a UK-based major "independent charity funding research to improve human
and animal health," to support "open and unrestricted access to the published output of research,
including the open access model . . . as a fundamental part of its charitable mission and a public
benefit to be encouraged wherever possible."
**國際圖書館協會聯盟網際網路宣言 http://www.lins.fju.edu.tw/mao/oai/internetmanif.htm