You know exercise is good for you, but do you know how good? From boosting your mood to improving your health, find out how exercise can improve your life.
The brain is the most active organ in the body and therefore very sensitive to daily stresses. Getting the right amount of exercise, proper nutrition, cognitive stimulation and adequate sleep enhances brain structure and function throughout our lives.
Great minds over the ages have known that physical activity is necessary to keep the mind strong and clear. Aerobic exercise improves cognitive function in humans, produces increases in brain volume, stimulates neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and increases neurotrophic factors in different areas of the brain. Physical exercise may protect the brain against reduction in cognitive functions in the elderly and delay the onset and slow down the progression of Alzheimer disease.
The loss of strength, cognitive function and stamina attributed to aging is in part caused by reduced physical activity. Inactivity increases with age. By age 75, about 1 in 3 men and 1 in 2 women engage in no physical activity. Among adults aged 65 years and older, walking and gardening or yard work are, by far, the most popular physical activities. Social support from family and friends has been consistently and positively related to regular physical activity.
Older adults should consult with a physician before beginning a new physical activity program. Physical activity need not be strenuous to achieve health benefits. Older adults can obtain significant health benefits with a moderate amount of physical activity, preferably daily. A moderate amount of activity can be obtained in longer sessions of moderately intense activities (such as walking) or in shorter sessions of more vigorous activities (such as fast walking or stair climbing). Additional health benefits can be gained through greater amounts of physical activity, by increasing the duration, intensity, or frequency. Because risk of injury increases at high levels of physical activity, care should be taken not to engage in excessive amounts of activity. Previously sedentary older adults who begin physical activity programs should start with short intervals of moderate physical activity (5-10 minutes) and gradually build up to the desired amount. In addition to aerobic activity, older adults can benefit from muscle-strengthening activities. Stronger muscles help reduce the risk of falling and improve the ability to perform the routine tasks of daily life.
This presentation provides a current summary of the human research on aerobic activity and cognitive function in seniors.
Mark Dreher PhD
For boomers, seniors, and the professionals that care and provide service for them. Identify benefits, protocol, specificity of programming for optimal active aging.
Physical, emotional, cognitive benefits are described. Exercise prescription guidelines from American College of Sports Medicine and American Heart Association are delivered and then pulled into practical interpretations.
The document discusses the health benefits of exercise. It states that exercise can boost energy, improve mood, manage weight, increase self-confidence, promote better sleep, and decrease the risk of chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. Regular physical activity delivers nutrients to tissues, makes the cardiovascular system more efficient, and makes muscles more sensitive to insulin, helping to prevent diabetes and its complications. The conclusion emphasizes that exercise is good for both physical and mental health.
Healthy Brain Aging: Exercise, Nutrition, and Preventing ADDUKE
This document discusses ways to promote healthy brain aging and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. It emphasizes controlling health conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure through diet and exercise. Regular mental and physical activity are also recommended, such as puzzles, games, and social engagement to exercise the brain and reduce stress. A healthy diet with fruits and vegetables can help protect the brain from oxidative stress and reduce risk of cardiovascular disease.
Exercise benefits cognitive function in several ways. It improves blood flow to the brain, bringing more oxygen and nutrients while clearing out metabolic waste. Regular exercise prevents neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by reducing vascular risk factors. It also promotes healthy aging by slowing cognitive decline. Exercise reduces stress levels and improves mood through increased growth factors in the brain. It fosters neuroplasticity, allowing the brain to grow new connections and neurons. Both cardiovascular and resistance training are beneficial, though combining the two provides the strongest effects. Moderate exercise of at least 30 minutes performed several times a week can help optimize cognitive health.
Exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which encourages neurogenesis and strengthens synaptic connections in the brain. This improves cognitive functions like learning, focus, and memory formation. Studies show exercise may be as effective as antidepressants in treating depression and other mood disorders by optimizing neurotransmitter and neurohormone levels. Regular physical activity engages the entire brain and is crucial for its health and development across the lifespan.
1. The document discusses issues related to aging and the brain, including trends showing rising rates of Alzheimer's disease and related conditions as populations age.
2. It explores myths around brain aging and function, noting research has disproven ideas like losing brain cells daily or only using a small part of the brain.
3. The document proposes a wellness model to maintain brain health through lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, mental stimulation and managing stress.
Exercise has significant benefits for both physical and mental health. It increases levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin that are linked to reducing depression and improving nerve cell connections in the brain. A lack of exercise contributes to issues like overweightness and depression, which account for high healthcare costs. Several studies have found that exercise is more effective than antidepressants in treating depression and improves learning, brain cell development, and reduces stress hormones. Voluntary exercise produces more benefits than forced exercise. Aerobic exercise combined with skills training is recommended for conditions like ADHD.
The brain is the most active organ in the body and therefore very sensitive to daily stresses. Getting the right amount of exercise, proper nutrition, cognitive stimulation and adequate sleep enhances brain structure and function throughout our lives.
Great minds over the ages have known that physical activity is necessary to keep the mind strong and clear. Aerobic exercise improves cognitive function in humans, produces increases in brain volume, stimulates neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and increases neurotrophic factors in different areas of the brain. Physical exercise may protect the brain against reduction in cognitive functions in the elderly and delay the onset and slow down the progression of Alzheimer disease.
The loss of strength, cognitive function and stamina attributed to aging is in part caused by reduced physical activity. Inactivity increases with age. By age 75, about 1 in 3 men and 1 in 2 women engage in no physical activity. Among adults aged 65 years and older, walking and gardening or yard work are, by far, the most popular physical activities. Social support from family and friends has been consistently and positively related to regular physical activity.
Older adults should consult with a physician before beginning a new physical activity program. Physical activity need not be strenuous to achieve health benefits. Older adults can obtain significant health benefits with a moderate amount of physical activity, preferably daily. A moderate amount of activity can be obtained in longer sessions of moderately intense activities (such as walking) or in shorter sessions of more vigorous activities (such as fast walking or stair climbing). Additional health benefits can be gained through greater amounts of physical activity, by increasing the duration, intensity, or frequency. Because risk of injury increases at high levels of physical activity, care should be taken not to engage in excessive amounts of activity. Previously sedentary older adults who begin physical activity programs should start with short intervals of moderate physical activity (5-10 minutes) and gradually build up to the desired amount. In addition to aerobic activity, older adults can benefit from muscle-strengthening activities. Stronger muscles help reduce the risk of falling and improve the ability to perform the routine tasks of daily life.
This presentation provides a current summary of the human research on aerobic activity and cognitive function in seniors.
Mark Dreher PhD
For boomers, seniors, and the professionals that care and provide service for them. Identify benefits, protocol, specificity of programming for optimal active aging.
Physical, emotional, cognitive benefits are described. Exercise prescription guidelines from American College of Sports Medicine and American Heart Association are delivered and then pulled into practical interpretations.
The document discusses the health benefits of exercise. It states that exercise can boost energy, improve mood, manage weight, increase self-confidence, promote better sleep, and decrease the risk of chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. Regular physical activity delivers nutrients to tissues, makes the cardiovascular system more efficient, and makes muscles more sensitive to insulin, helping to prevent diabetes and its complications. The conclusion emphasizes that exercise is good for both physical and mental health.
Healthy Brain Aging: Exercise, Nutrition, and Preventing ADDUKE
This document discusses ways to promote healthy brain aging and reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. It emphasizes controlling health conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure through diet and exercise. Regular mental and physical activity are also recommended, such as puzzles, games, and social engagement to exercise the brain and reduce stress. A healthy diet with fruits and vegetables can help protect the brain from oxidative stress and reduce risk of cardiovascular disease.
Exercise benefits cognitive function in several ways. It improves blood flow to the brain, bringing more oxygen and nutrients while clearing out metabolic waste. Regular exercise prevents neurological diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by reducing vascular risk factors. It also promotes healthy aging by slowing cognitive decline. Exercise reduces stress levels and improves mood through increased growth factors in the brain. It fosters neuroplasticity, allowing the brain to grow new connections and neurons. Both cardiovascular and resistance training are beneficial, though combining the two provides the strongest effects. Moderate exercise of at least 30 minutes performed several times a week can help optimize cognitive health.
Exercise increases levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which encourages neurogenesis and strengthens synaptic connections in the brain. This improves cognitive functions like learning, focus, and memory formation. Studies show exercise may be as effective as antidepressants in treating depression and other mood disorders by optimizing neurotransmitter and neurohormone levels. Regular physical activity engages the entire brain and is crucial for its health and development across the lifespan.
1. The document discusses issues related to aging and the brain, including trends showing rising rates of Alzheimer's disease and related conditions as populations age.
2. It explores myths around brain aging and function, noting research has disproven ideas like losing brain cells daily or only using a small part of the brain.
3. The document proposes a wellness model to maintain brain health through lifestyle factors like diet, exercise, mental stimulation and managing stress.
Exercise has significant benefits for both physical and mental health. It increases levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin that are linked to reducing depression and improving nerve cell connections in the brain. A lack of exercise contributes to issues like overweightness and depression, which account for high healthcare costs. Several studies have found that exercise is more effective than antidepressants in treating depression and improves learning, brain cell development, and reduces stress hormones. Voluntary exercise produces more benefits than forced exercise. Aerobic exercise combined with skills training is recommended for conditions like ADHD.
The document discusses the effects of aging on the brain. It notes that aging can lead to mDNA mutations that interfere with normal brain proteins, as well as vascular atrophy of brain tissue. It states that as people age, more of the brain works harder to accomplish simple tasks, memory recall becomes more difficult, and information processing skills are reduced. Finally, it recommends that diet, exercise, and learning new things can help reduce the effects of brain aging.
Brain aging and plasticity and environmental enrichment!Sara Hassan
This document summarizes research on successful brain aging. It finds that aging does not necessarily mean cognitive decline, and lifestyle factors can promote healthy brain aging through plasticity. Environmental enrichment, caloric restriction, certain nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, aerobic exercise, and stress reduction all increase neurotrophic factors like BDNF and reduce damage, helping maintain brain function and delaying neurodegenerative diseases. While aging involves some anatomical and functional changes, lifestyle interventions can support optimal cognitive functioning throughout life.
1. During adolescence, the brain undergoes synaptic pruning which reduces neurons and connections, leaving more efficient configurations. Children activate more brain regions than adults for tasks.
2. As people age, the brain undergoes structural changes like ventriculomegaly where ventricles expand up to 1% per year. Different brain regions and tissues are susceptible to aging.
3. Gray matter consists of cell bodies and white matter consists of axons connecting neurons. These brain matters change during aging.
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation finalCMoondog
Exercise has numerous benefits for mood and brain function. It increases neurotransmitters like endorphins and serotonin which improve mood and reduce stress and depression. Regular exercise also increases blood flow to the brain, boosts concentration, and stimulates growth of neurons and neural connections. Studies show those who exercise regularly have lower risks of cognitive decline and dementia as they age.
The document discusses several changes that occur in the aging brain including a loss of neurons, decreased cognitive ability starting at age 40, and changes in senses, muscles, emotions, and learning ability. Diseases like Alzheimer's and strokes can further impact brain function. While neurogenesis allows some rebuilding, the process decreases with age. Lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, and mental stimulation may help support brain health.
Author: Brent C. Williams, M.D., M.P.H., 2009
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
This document provides an overview of exercise physiology by discussing key topics such as the history of the field, energy systems, the nervous system, endocrine system, and skeletal muscle system. It traces the evolution of exercise physiology through the work of scientists from the 1700s to present day. It also explains how the body produces energy during exercise through three main pathways and how training can enhance these pathways.
The document discusses renewing the aging brain and mechanisms of poor brain aging. It describes early, moderate, and severe signs of brain aging including fatigue, depression, inability to focus, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanisms of poor brain aging include decreased acetylcholine and GABA pathways leading to symptoms like memory loss, anxiety, and panic attacks. Nutritional supplements like Acetyl-Ch Active are proposed to support these neurotransmitter systems.
Global Medical Cures™ | Elderly Everyday Guide - EXERCISE & PHYSICAL ACTIVITYGlobal Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Elderly Everyday Guide - EXERCISE & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Lorie Eber gave a presentation on healthy aging. She discussed that lifestyle factors like diet and exercise account for 70% of how we age. A healthy diet consists of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and low-fat dairy. Regular exercise including endurance, strength, balance and flexibility exercises is important for both physical and brain health. Mental stimulation through activities like learning new skills and social interaction can also help reduce risks of conditions like Alzheimer's disease. The key messages are that small lifestyle changes focused on nutrition, physical activity and brain health can significantly impact how well we age.
This document provides an overview of basic exercise physiology, covering the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, and endocrine systems as well as energy systems. It describes the structure and function of each system at rest and in response to exercise. The cardiovascular system increases cardiac output to meet oxygen demands during exercise. The respiratory system increases ventilation to supply more oxygen to working muscles. The neuromuscular system controls voluntary movement through motor neurons. Hormones released by the endocrine system prepare and regulate the body's response to exercise. There are three energy systems - phosphogen, anaerobic and aerobic - that provide ATP for muscle contraction depending on exercise intensity and duration.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
The document discusses the effects of aging on the brain. It notes that aging can lead to mDNA mutations that interfere with normal brain proteins, as well as vascular atrophy of brain tissue. It states that as people age, more of the brain works harder to accomplish simple tasks, memory recall becomes more difficult, and information processing skills are reduced. Finally, it recommends that diet, exercise, and learning new things can help reduce the effects of brain aging.
Brain aging and plasticity and environmental enrichment!Sara Hassan
This document summarizes research on successful brain aging. It finds that aging does not necessarily mean cognitive decline, and lifestyle factors can promote healthy brain aging through plasticity. Environmental enrichment, caloric restriction, certain nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids, aerobic exercise, and stress reduction all increase neurotrophic factors like BDNF and reduce damage, helping maintain brain function and delaying neurodegenerative diseases. While aging involves some anatomical and functional changes, lifestyle interventions can support optimal cognitive functioning throughout life.
1. During adolescence, the brain undergoes synaptic pruning which reduces neurons and connections, leaving more efficient configurations. Children activate more brain regions than adults for tasks.
2. As people age, the brain undergoes structural changes like ventriculomegaly where ventricles expand up to 1% per year. Different brain regions and tissues are susceptible to aging.
3. Gray matter consists of cell bodies and white matter consists of axons connecting neurons. These brain matters change during aging.
The brain __exercise_connection_-_power_point_presentation finalCMoondog
Exercise has numerous benefits for mood and brain function. It increases neurotransmitters like endorphins and serotonin which improve mood and reduce stress and depression. Regular exercise also increases blood flow to the brain, boosts concentration, and stimulates growth of neurons and neural connections. Studies show those who exercise regularly have lower risks of cognitive decline and dementia as they age.
The document discusses several changes that occur in the aging brain including a loss of neurons, decreased cognitive ability starting at age 40, and changes in senses, muscles, emotions, and learning ability. Diseases like Alzheimer's and strokes can further impact brain function. While neurogenesis allows some rebuilding, the process decreases with age. Lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, and mental stimulation may help support brain health.
Author: Brent C. Williams, M.D., M.P.H., 2009
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike 3.0 License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
This document provides an overview of exercise physiology by discussing key topics such as the history of the field, energy systems, the nervous system, endocrine system, and skeletal muscle system. It traces the evolution of exercise physiology through the work of scientists from the 1700s to present day. It also explains how the body produces energy during exercise through three main pathways and how training can enhance these pathways.
The document discusses renewing the aging brain and mechanisms of poor brain aging. It describes early, moderate, and severe signs of brain aging including fatigue, depression, inability to focus, and neurodegenerative diseases. Mechanisms of poor brain aging include decreased acetylcholine and GABA pathways leading to symptoms like memory loss, anxiety, and panic attacks. Nutritional supplements like Acetyl-Ch Active are proposed to support these neurotransmitter systems.
Global Medical Cures™ | Elderly Everyday Guide - EXERCISE & PHYSICAL ACTIVITYGlobal Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Elderly Everyday Guide - EXERCISE & PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
Lorie Eber gave a presentation on healthy aging. She discussed that lifestyle factors like diet and exercise account for 70% of how we age. A healthy diet consists of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean protein and low-fat dairy. Regular exercise including endurance, strength, balance and flexibility exercises is important for both physical and brain health. Mental stimulation through activities like learning new skills and social interaction can also help reduce risks of conditions like Alzheimer's disease. The key messages are that small lifestyle changes focused on nutrition, physical activity and brain health can significantly impact how well we age.
This document provides an overview of basic exercise physiology, covering the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, and endocrine systems as well as energy systems. It describes the structure and function of each system at rest and in response to exercise. The cardiovascular system increases cardiac output to meet oxygen demands during exercise. The respiratory system increases ventilation to supply more oxygen to working muscles. The neuromuscular system controls voluntary movement through motor neurons. Hormones released by the endocrine system prepare and regulate the body's response to exercise. There are three energy systems - phosphogen, anaerobic and aerobic - that provide ATP for muscle contraction depending on exercise intensity and duration.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Computer in pharmaceutical research and development-Mpharm(Pharmaceutics)MuskanShingari
Statistics- Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, presenting, analyzing and interpreting numerical data to assist in making more effective decisions.
A statistics is a measure which is used to estimate the population parameter
Parameters-It is used to describe the properties of an entire population.
Examples-Measures of central tendency Dispersion, Variance, Standard Deviation (SD), Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Eigen Value
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
2. • Exercise is the mantra to keep young and feel good.
• Exercise can make strong and healthy.
• Exercise relieves stress. Nothing relieves exercise.
3. • Exercise can be very beneficial at any
age, and seniors are no exception.
• Exercise is a king. Nutrition is a queen. Put
them together and you've got a kingdom.
• Exercise can keep seniors strong and
healthy.
4. • Regular exercise keeps your joints and muscles healthy, strong and
flexible. It helps to maintain the desired weight and improves your
general health.
• Exercise is important because it improves blood circulation, which, in
turn, improves oxygen levels to the eyes and the removal of toxins.
• Exercise helps older adults maintain or lose weight.
5. • 15 minutes of exercise everyday can add
3 years to your life.
• Exercising in the morning will make
you fit and healthy.
• Exercise is amazing, from the inside
out. feel so alive and more energy.
6. • Exercises increase your breathing and heart rate.
• Daily Exercise & Healthy Eating leads to increased
Awesomeness.
• To maintain good health requires good nutrition and a
healthy does of exercise.
• Exercise reduces the impact of illness and chronic disease.
7. Manas Home Care
Contact Person : Milan Jani
For more detail go to our site
www.manashomecare.com