Nursing informatics

1. Specialty applications of computer and
information technology in healthcare
By / MahmoudShaqria
‫شقريه‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫محمود‬

2. outlines
introduction
Application of information technology in
Health care education
Telemedicine
research

3. objectives
• Identify specific ways that computer technology can be used to support nursing
education.
• List the benefits associated with each of the following computer assisted
learning ,teleconferencing, and distance education
• Define the telemedicine and tele nurse.
• List the advantages of telemedicine and telenurse.
• Describe ways that computers can support all steps of the research process.
• Identify statistical software programs used to analyze research data.

4. Introduction
• The use of computer and information technology to support an electronic health
record (EHR) is quickly becoming a standard practice in health care. For nurses and
other health-care team members, the use of computer technology provides quick
access to important information about your health or illness. For you, it means no
longer having to repeat your health information multiple times as you receive care
and the assurance that members of your health-care team have ready access to
current health information. This fact sheet answers questions you may have about
the use of computers and other computer technology by nurses.

5.  Applying Nursing Informatics
Practice: knowledge of nursing information systems can be used with nursing practice such as patient
documentation, monitoring devices, developing and implementing care plans and pathways, retrieval
of previous records and imaging, use of telehealth, and access to current practice standards.
Administration: information systems are used with communication, staff scheduling systems, cost
and budget analysis, and monitoring of trends with quality and satisfaction data.
Education: informatics and technology has applications in education, including simulation, electronic
learning, teleconferencing, and software availability for educational presentations and programs.
Research: internet capabilities and electronic databases provide rich access to obtaining, compiling,
and conducting research (Baker, 2012

6. Application of Nursing Informatics:
Nursing Informatics can be applied to all areas of nursing practice, which include; clinical
practice, administration, education, and research.
nursing practice.
*Nursing Clinical Practice (Point-of-Care Systems and Clinical Information Systems)
*Work lists to remind staff of planned nursing interventions
*Computer generated client documentation
*Electronic Medical Record (EMR) and Computer-Based Patient Record (CPR)
*Monitoring devices that record vital signs and other measurements directly into the client
record (electronic medical record)
*Computer - generated nursing care plans and critical pathways
*Automatic billing for supplies or procedures with nursing documentation
*Reminders and prompts that appear during documentation to ensure comprehensive
charting

7. Nursing Administration (Health Care Information
Systems)
*Automated staff scheduling
*E-mail for improved communication
*Cost analysis and finding trends for budget purposes
*Quality assurance and outcomes analysis
*Nursing Education
*Computerized record-keeping
*Computerized-assisted instruction
*Interactive video technology
*Distance Learning-Web based courses and degree programs
*Internet resources-CEU's and formal nursing courses and degree
programs
*Presentation software for preparing slides and handouts-PowerPoint and
MS Word

8. Nursing Education
*Computerized record-keeping
*Computerized-assisted instruction
*Interactive video technology
*Distance Learning-Web based courses and degree programs
*Internet resources-CEU's and formal nursing courses and degree programs
*Presentation software for preparing slides and handouts-PowerPoint and MS Word
Nursing Research
*Computerized literature searching-CINAHL, Medline and Web sources
*The adoption of standardized language related to nursing terms-NANDA, etc.
*The ability to find trends in aggregate data, that is data derived from large population
groups-Statistical Software, SPSS

9. Specific ways that computer technology used to support nursing education
• Computerized record keeping.
• Computerized assisted instruction.
• Interactive video technology.
• Distance learning- web based courses and degree programs.
• Internet resources- formal nursing courses and degree programs.
• Presentation software for preparing slides and handouts- power points
and MS words.

10. E- health
• Definition
is the cost effective and secure use of information and communications technologies in
support of health and health –related fields , including health care services , health
surveillance , health literature, and health education ,knowledge and research . (WHO)

11. Benefits of E-health
• E-health is expected to improve various aspects of health care ( quality , cost efficiency , access,…)
• Supporting the delivery of care tailored to individual patients , where ICT enables more informed
decisions making based both on evidence and patient specific data.
• Improving transparency and accountability of care process and facilitating shared care across
boundaries .
• Aiding evidence-based practice and error reduction
• Improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment appropriateness
• Improving access to effective health care and health decision

12. Benefits of computer assisted learning (CAL)
1. Computer assisted learning can provide immediate feedback to students.
2. Some computer assisted learning soft wares include testing and diagnostic
features which allow teachers to identify common misconceptions of their
students.
3. Students can learn at their own pace. This alleviates the pressure on the slow
learners so that they can keep up with their peers.
4. Multimedia contents can help make difficult or abstract concepts simple.

13. Benefits of computer assisted learning (CAL) cont…
5. Tedious practices in arithmetic and spelling can be turned into entertaining
games.
6. The multimedia contents such as special sound effects, animation and video
can arouse student's interest in learning.
7. Students are free to make wrong answers because there is no peer group
pressure. This encourages them to learn by trials and errors.
8. The automatic grading of exercises feature frees up teacher's resources that
can be used for additional attention towards students.

14. Benefits of teleconferencing
1. Cost-effective
2. Reduce travel
3. Less-time consuming
4. Instant solution
5. Enhance productivity
6. Larger audience
7. Flexible
8. Secure
9. Recording
10. Communicative

15. Benefits of distance education (E-learning)
• Choice: An online education provides the opportunity to study more subjects and reach
out to programs that are not available in the immediate area.
• Flexible: Distance learning is much more flexible than traditional styles of classroom
education. Students who need to take other classes or work can do classwork whenever
they have a free moment instead of being restricted to a rigid schedule.
• Networking: Students who enroll in classes with online education obtain a wider range of
networking opportunities. Instead of being limited to networking in the local area, distance
learning enables students to make connections with a more diverse range of people.

16. Cont….
• Pace: Online education enables students to work at their own pace in many circumstances.
The requirements are not as strict and typically give a range of due dates when the work
needs to be submitted.
• Scheduling: The schedules for distance learning are more open and allow for students,
parents and professionals to take the classes whenever it fits into their schedule. This is
beneficial over classroom education that requires students to schedule work and childcare
around the class time.
• Money: Online classes typically cost less than an education in a classroom environment.
There are less space limitations and materials required for each student and the savings are
passed on from the educational institution to each student.

17. Cont.…..
• Selection of Professors: Distance learning enables students to learn from some of the most
prestigious professors and guest speakers in each field.
• No classroom sitting: Sitting in the classroom is not the best way for every student to learn.
A student may learn better at his own pace and in a different format than traditional schooling
options offer.
• Effective: Online classes are just as, if not more, effective at teaching students than the
traditional classroom style of learning.
• Traveling: someone who doesn’t drive or want to spend money on the costs of public
transportation every single day will likely choose to get an online education over the
traditional classroom

18. Telemedicine
Definition :
“ The use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via
electronic communications to improve a patient’s clinical health status.
Telemedicine includes a growing variety of applications and services using
two-way video, email, smart phones, wireless tools, and other forms of
telecommunications technology.

19. Advantages of telemedicine
improved access to information
provision of care not previously deliverable
improved access to services and increasing care
delivery
improved professional education
quality control of screening programs
reduced health-care costs

20. Telenurse
• Definition :
Telenursing is the use of telecommunication technology to deliver nursing
services at a distance. The nurse and the client are not in the same physical
location but are connected using technology such as videoconferencing,
teleconferencing or email.
Telenursing must be used in the best interest of the client and not solely for
provider convenience.

21. Advantage of tele nursing
• Remote Service Delivery
• Financial Savings
• Improved Bed Allocation
• Patient Comfort
• Increased Health Care Employment Opportunities
• Accessibility by Patients in Remote Areas

22. Computer in research process
• Here are five major phases of the research process
They are:
1. Conceptual phase
2. Design and planning phase
3. Data collection phase
4. Data Analysis phase
5. Research Publication phase

23. 1. Role of Computer in Conceptual Phase
• The conceptual phase consists of
formulation of research problem
extensive literature survey
 theoretical frame work and developing the hypothesis.
Use of computers in extensive literature review:
computers help for searching the literatures (for review of literature) and bibliographic reference
stored in the electronic database of the world wide webs. It can thus be used for storing relevant
published articles to the retrieved whenever needed. This has the advantage over searching the
literatures in the form of books, journals and other newsletters at the libraries which consume
considerable amount of time and effort.

24. 2. Role of Computers in Design and Planning Phase
• This phase consists of research design preparation and determining sample design.
• Design and planning phase also consists of population, research variables, sampling
plan, reviewing research plan and pilot study.
• Role of Computers for Sample Size Calculation:
 Several software’s are available to calculate the sample size required for a proposed
study. The standard deviation of the data from the pilot study is required for the
sample size calculation.

25. 3. Role of Computers in Data collection phase
• Typically the data will be initially recorded on a questionnaire or record for suitable for its
acceptance by the computer. To do this the researcher in conjunction with the statistician
and the programmer, will convert the data into Microsoft word file or excel spreadsheet or
any statistical software data file. These data can be directly opened with statistical
software’s for analysis
• Data collection and Storage: The data obtained from the subjects are stored in computes
are word files or excel spread sheets or any statistical software data file.
• Data exposition: you can also examine different dimension of variables or plot them in
various charts using a statistical application.

26. 4. Role of Computers in Data Analysis
 Data analysis: many software’s are now available to perform the
mathematical part of the research process i.e. the calculations using various
statistical methods. Soft wares like SPSS and spreadsheets are the widely
used. They can be like calculating the sample size for a proposed study,
hypothesis testing and calculating the power of the study.
Computers are useful not only for statistical analysis, but also to monitor the
accuracy and completeness of the data as they are collected. These software’s
also display the results in graphical char or graph form.

27. 5. Role of Computer in Research Publication
• The research article, research paper, or research dissertation is typed in word processing
software and converted to portable data format (PDF) and stored and/or published in the
world wide web.
• Online sites are available through we can convert our word file into any format like html,
pdf etc.
• Various online applications are also available for this purpose. Even we can prepare our
document using online word processing software and can store/edit/access it from
anywhere using internet.

28. Application of nursing informatics in nursing process
The nursing process is the core of patient care delievery .In the nursing process
continuum , nurses are constantly faced with data and information. Data and
information are integratef in each step of nursing process:
-Assessment
-Diagnosis
-Planning
-Implementation
-Evaluation -
-Nursing documentation , which is identified as the 6th step in nursing process is vital
Hence, it is necessary for nurses to document accurately and precisely to determine
the desired outcom.
in information management .

29. -*Computer generated client documentation
-Electronic medical record [EMR] and computer based patient record (CPR).
*Monitoring devices that record vital signs and other measurements directly
into client record (EMR)
*Computer generated nursing care plans and critical pathways ,automatic
billing for supplies or procedures with nursing documentation .
*Reminders and prompts that appear during documentation to ensure
comprehensive charting .

30. *Monitoring system: comprehensive patient monitoring systems
that can be configured to measure and display various patient
parameters.
*Pulse oximeter : measure the arterial hemoglobin oxygen
saturation of patient's blood
*Intracranial pressure monitors : intracranial pressure monitors
are connected to sensors inserted into the brain through a canula
or bur hole.
*Apnea monitors : use electrodes or sensors placed to detect
cessation of breathing , display respiration parameters and
trigger an alarm.

31. *Ventilator: consists of flexible breathing circuit ,gas supply, heating / humidification
mechanism ,monitors and alarms.
*Infusion pump : employ automatic ,programmable pumping mechanism to supply the patient
with fluids intravenously or Crash carts: also called resuscitation carts or code carts , are
strategically located in ICU for immediate availability when patient experiences cardio
respiratory failure
*Crash carts: also called resuscitation carts or code carts , are strategically located in ICU for
immediate availability
when patient experiences cardio respiratory failure
epidural through a catheter.

32. Statistical software programs used to analyze research data
1- Statistical Analysis Tool: SPSS
• SPSS is the most popular tool for statisticians. SPSS stands for Statistical
Package for Social Sciences. The latest version of SPSS is IBM SPSS
STATISTICS 20 (purchased by IBM after version 19). It provides all
analysis facilities like following and many more.

33. Analysis facilities of SPSS
 Provides Data view & variable view
Measures of central tendency & dispersion
Statistical inference
Correlation & Regression analysis
Analysis of variance
Non parametric test
Hypothesis tests: T-test, chi-square, z-test, ANOVA, Bipartite variable…. Multivariate
data analysis
Frequency distribution
Data exposition by using various graphs like line, scatter, bar, ogive, histogram, pie
chart….

34. Spreadsheet package
• A spreadsheet is a computer application that simulates a paper
worksheet.
• It displays multiple cells that together make up a grid consisting of rows
and columns, each cell containing either alphanumeric text or numeric
values.
• Microsoft Excel is popular spreadsheet software.
OTHER STATISTICAL TOOLS
SAS, S-Plus, LISREL, Eviews etc.

35. References
• https://www.eztalks.com/teleconferencing/benefits-of-
teleconferencing.html
• http://www.njvu.org/top-10-advantages-and-benefits-of-distance-learning/
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7908107_Benefits_and_drawba
cks_of_telemedicine
• https://crnns.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Telenursing.pdf
• https://online.ahu.edu/6-benefits-telenursing/
• http://www.ijrst.com/images/short_pdf/Oct_2014_JATINKUMAR%20Dec%2
07.pdf