1. ‫قابوس‬ ‫ِطان‬‫ل‬ُّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ُ‫ة‬َ‫ع‬ِ‫م‬‫جا‬
‫ِبية‬‫ر‬َّ‫ت‬‫ال‬ ‫ِّية‬‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬
‫َّفس‬‫ي‬‫ال‬ ‫ِه‬‫ل‬ِ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬ِ‫س‬ِ‫ق‬
‫َّعله‬‫ت‬‫ال‬ ‫ُعوبات‬‫ص‬ ‫ِلوو‬‫ب‬ُ‫د‬
‫ِتور‬‫ك‬ُّ‫د‬‫لـل‬ ‫َّو‬‫د‬‫َق‬‫م‬:‫ِنان‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ُ‫س‬ ‫َنيد‬‫خ‬ِ‫ل‬‫ِدا‬‫ب‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ِد‬‫ي‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬
‫َتان‬‫ب‬ِ‫ل‬‫ّا‬‫ط‬‫ال‬ ‫ِداد‬‫ع‬ِ‫إ‬:
‫ِنـي‬‫ش‬‫ِوـا‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ُنود‬‫ح‬ ‫ِت‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫ِد‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬97779
‫ِوهييب‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ِد‬‫ش‬‫را‬ ‫ِت‬‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫َة‬‫ق‬ِ‫ي‬‫فا‬97777
‫األول‬ ‫الدراسي‬ ‫الفصل‬
9202–9200
‫ّاته‬‫ي‬‫واسرتاتيج‬ ‫ّاته‬‫ي‬‫َن‬‫ف‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ماهيته‬

2. 9
‫جٱ٥ؿجء‬............................................................................................7
‫جٝ٠ٚؿ٠ر‬............................................................................................5
‫س‬٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕ٬‫ِف‬.............................................................................6
٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬............................................................................7
*٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫ٝٞسؿف٬ك‬ ‫جِٝح٠ر‬ ‫جٝ٠دحؿة‬..................................................................9
*٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫ٝٞسؿف٬ك‬ ً٬ً‫جٝسؾ‬.......................................................................02
*‫ؿفجلحز‬‫دفج٠ط‬ ٫ٖ‫جٝسؿف٬ل‬٫‫حِٝٴظ‬..............................................................09
٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٘‫جٝٗف‬٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٧ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ......................................................07
‫جِٝٴظ٬ر‬ ‫جٳلسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬.....................................................................05
‫ٖ٢٬حز‬‫جِٝٴظ٬ر‬ ‫ٳلسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬..‫٧ؾً٧جس٦ح‬ ‫ؾوحثو٦ح‬..............................................06
0.‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬.............................................................................07
9.‫جٯؿ٧جف‬ ‫ِٝخ‬ ‫٧ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ‫جٝ٢٠ـظر‬...................................................................92
3.‫جٝ٠٦٠حز‬ ‫سػٞ٬ل‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬........................................................................90
7.‫ؤ‬‫جٝـجز‬ ‫٠فجٙدر‬ ‫لٞ٧خ‬(‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬٫ٖ‫جٝ٠ِف‬ ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫سِؿ٬ل‬......................................)96
5.‫جٝ٠سِؿؿذ‬ ‫جٝػ٧جك‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬..............................................................97
6.‫جٝٚور‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝٚور‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬.............................................................99
7.‫جٝٚور‬ ‫سؿف٬ك‬ ٘‫ًف‬............................................................................32
8.‫جٝ٠ػحيفذ‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬..............................................................................32
9.‫جٝلفؿ‬ ‫اُحؿذ‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬.............................................................................33
02.‫٧جٝ٠٢حٙنر‬ ‫جٝػ٧جف‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬............................................................36
00.‫جٳل‬ ‫جًٝف٬ٚر‬‫جٳلس٢سحظ٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫سٚفجث٬ر‬.............................................................38
09.‫ًف٬ٚر‬ٍ٧‫جٝ٠نف‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬..........................................................39
03.٫٢٧‫جٝسِح‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬..........................................................72
07.‫دحٝ٠ظفؿ‬ ‫جٝ٠ػل٧ك‬ ً‫فد‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬................................................................79
05.‫٠ؾسوفذ‬ ٘‫٧ًف‬ ‫ؤلحٝ٬خ‬.......................................................................77
06.٣‫٧جٳ٢سدح‬ ‫جٝـجٜفذ‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬....................................................................75
07.‫ؿلسحف‬ ‫دف٢ح٠ط‬.................................................................................76
08.ٟ‫ظٞ٢ظ٦ح‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬..............................................................................77
ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ف‬ِ‫و‬َ‫ر‬‫س‬

3. 3
09.‫جٝ٠نٜٴز‬ ‫ػل‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬........................................................................77
92.٫٢٥‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝسو٧ف‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬........................................................................52
90.ً‫جٝؾ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫س‬...................................................................................52
99.ٕ‫جٳلسٜنح‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬...........................................................................52
‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬٪‫جٝٗفؿ‬..................................................................................50
٢‫٧ؤ‬ ‫ؤنٜحل‬ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٍ‫٧ج‬
ً‫ٳ‬٧‫ؤ‬:‫جٝٚفءذ‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬................................................................59
ً‫ح‬٬٢‫صح‬:‫جٜٝسحدر‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬...................................................................67
ً‫ح‬‫صحٝص‬:‫جٝف٬حي٬ح‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬‫ز‬...............................................................67
ً‫ح‬ِ‫فجد‬:ٍ‫جٳلس٠ح‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬..........................................................................73
٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫٢٠حـض‬............................................................................79
‫جٝؾحس٠ر‬............................................................................................96
‫جٝ٠وحؿف‬ ‫ٙحث٠ر‬
‫٧جٝ٠وحؿف‬...........................................................................97

4. 7

5. 5
‫ُه‬‫ك‬َ‫ل‬ ‫ِتيان‬‫م‬‫اال‬ ُ‫ت‬‫باقا‬!
‫ِـداء‬‫ه‬‫إ‬

6. 6
‫٠وًٞغ‬ ‫٬ِؿ‬١‫٠د‬ ‫جِٝؿ٬دؿ‬ ٟ‫ج٥س٠ح‬ ‫ٳٙز‬ ٫‫٧جٝس‬ ‫جٝسفد٧٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠وًٞػحز‬ ١٠ ً‫ج‬‫٧جػؿ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬
‫جٝسفد‬ ‫د٠ظحل‬ ١٬٠‫٧جٝ٠٦س‬ ١٬‫جٝدحػص‬‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫٬ر‬‫ؾحه‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫٧وِ٧دحز‬ ،ٟ‫ُح‬ ‫دنٜل‬ٟ‫ج٥س٠دح‬ ٧‫٧٥د‬ ،
‫جٝٗثر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫٠لسٚدل‬ ١٬٠‫ٝسإ‬ ٛٝ‫٧ـ‬ ‫جٯ٠٧ف‬ ‫٧ؤ٧ٝ٬حء‬ ، ١٬٠ِٞ٠ٝ‫٧ج‬ ، ١٬‫جٝدحػص‬ ‫ٙدل‬ ١٠ َ٬٠‫جٝظ‬ ١٬ُ‫ؤ‬ ٩ُٞ ٨‫سدحؿ‬.
‫٧ٝـ‬ٝ‫ٝ٦دـ‬ ‫جٝؾؿ٠حز‬ ٟ‫سٚؿ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ٕ٧ٗ‫جٝو‬ ١٠ ‫جٜٝص٬ف‬ ‫٧ٖسػز‬ ، ١٬٬٧‫جٝسفد‬ ٟ‫ج٥س٠ح‬ ‫اقؿجؿ‬ ٛ٣‫جٝٗثدر‬..ٍ‫٧ندح‬
٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ج٢سنحف‬‫جِٝٴظ٬در‬ ‫جٝؾؿ٠حز‬ ٟ٬‫سٚؿ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٕ‫س٦ؿ‬ ٫‫٧جٝس‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫دوِ٧دحز‬ ‫جٝ٠سؾوور‬ ‫٧جٝظ٠ِ٬حز‬ ‫ئللحز‬
‫جٝ٠٢حلدر‬ ‫٧جٝسفد٧٬ر‬.
ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١ُ ‫٧جٝدػش‬ ،‫جٝٗثر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫ٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫جٝ٠٢حلدر‬ ‫جٯلحٝ٬خ‬ ١ُ ١٧‫٬دػص‬ ١٬٠‫٧جٝ٠٦س‬ ١٬‫جٝدحػص‬ ‫ؿؤخ‬ ٧
‫ج٢ؾٗحى‬ ُ‫ف‬٠‫ؤ‬ ‫دحز‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ٠ح‬ ً‫ح‬‫٧ؾو٧و‬ ،ٟ٦‫ؾوحثو‬ َ٠ ‫٬س٢حلخ‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬‫جٝؿفج‬ ٟ٦ٞ٬‫سػو‬َ٬٠‫جٝظ‬ ٨‫٠فؤ‬ ٩ُٞ ٫‫ل‬
‫جٝن٠ك‬ ‫٧ي٧ع‬ ً‫ح‬‫٧جيػ‬.٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٩٠‫٬ل‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١٠ ٍ٧٢ ‫ٌ٦ف‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ٥ح‬..‫جٝدػدش‬ ‫٥دـج‬ ‫ظحء‬ ٛٝ‫ٝـ‬
٤‫٠ح٥٬س‬ ٩ُٞ ٕ‫٧جٝسِف‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١٠ ٍ٧٢ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝي٧ء‬ ًٞ‫ٝ٬ل‬.‫جٝدػش‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ‫س٢ح٧ل‬ ‫ٖٚؿ‬:ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬
٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٕ٬‫٧سِف‬ ، ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬..‫جٝ٠دحؿة‬ ‫٧ُفى‬ٝ ‫جِٝح٠ر‬‫جٝدػدش‬ ‫ـ٥خ‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬ ، ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫ٞسؿف٬ك‬
‫جٝدػش‬ ‫س٢ح٧ل‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ،٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫دفج٠ط‬ ٫ٖ ‫ؿفجلحز‬ ‫ُفى‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬‫٧جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٘‫جٝٗف‬ ‫٠ِفٖر‬.
،‫٧ؾوحثو٦ح‬ ‫٠دحؿث٦ح‬ ‫٧٠ِفٖر‬ ،‫جِٝٴظ٬ر‬ ‫جٳلسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬ ‫س٢ح٧ل‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬‫جٝدػش‬ ‫٧س٢ح٧ل‬99‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬
‫جلسؾؿج٠٦ح‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ ١ٜ٠٬ ‫ُٴظ٬ر‬ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫٧جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ َ٠.‫دحٱيدحٖر‬
٤‫٧٠ح٥٬س‬ ٤‫٧ؾوحثو‬ ،٪‫جٝٗفؿ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬.‫وِ٧دحز‬ ‫٧ؤنٜحل‬ ٍ‫ؤ٢٧ج‬ ‫دِى‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٘‫جٝسًف‬ ٟ‫س‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬
، ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬٫‫ٖد‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝدس‬ ‫ودِ٧در‬ ، ‫جٜٝسحددر‬ ٫‫ٖد‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧در‬ ،‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧در‬ ‫س٢ح٧ل‬ ٟ‫س‬ ‫ٖٚؿ‬
،ٍ‫جٳلس٠ح‬ ‫وِ٧در‬ ،‫جٝف٬حي٬حز‬ٟ‫ص‬٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫سؿف٬ك‬ ٫ٖ ‫ُٴظ٬ر‬ ‫٢٠حـض‬ ‫ُفى‬‫جٝوِ٧دحز‬.
‫ّر‬٬٥‫٧٠ح‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ‫٠ظحل‬ ٫ٖ ٍِ‫٧لح‬ ‫دحػش‬ ‫ٜل‬ ‫ل٬لحُؿ‬ ‫جٝظ٧ج٢خ‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝي٧ء‬ ً٬ٞ‫٧سل‬
‫جِٝٴظ٬در‬ ‫جٳلدسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ‫ٝدِى‬ ً٬‫دل‬ َ‫٠فظ‬ ٤٢‫ؤ‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬ ،‫جٝٗثر‬ ٣‫ٝ٦ـ‬ ٟ‫سٚؿ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫٧جٝؾؿ٠حز‬ ‫جٝسفد٧٬ر‬ ‫جٝدفج٠ط‬
‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٫٠ِٞ٠ ‫د٦ح‬ ‫٬لسفنؿ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ١ٜ٠٬ ٫‫جٝس‬، ‫جٝص٢حء‬ ‫ُدل‬‫ل‬ َ‫جٝ٠س٧جي‬ ‫جٝظ٦ؿ‬ ‫ٝ٦ـج‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩٢٠‫٢س‬ ٧ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬
‫جٝدػش‬ ‫ٜٝسحدحز‬ ٘٬ٖ٧ّ‫س‬ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ؿُ٧جز‬ َٖ‫ُف‬‫س‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫اٳ‬ ٧‫٢فظ‬ ‫٧ٳ‬..
‫جٝٚؿ٬ف‬ ٫ِٞٝ‫ج‬ ١‫دبـ‬ ‫ٖحثؿذ‬ ‫ٜل‬ ٤٢٠ ‫٧س٢٦ٞ٧ج‬ ، ‫جٝدػش‬ ٘٠ُ ٫ٖ ‫ٝسٔ٧و٧ج‬ ١‫ج٭‬ ٟٜٜ‫٢سف‬ ٧..
‫َة‬‫م‬ِّ‫د‬َ‫ق‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫ل‬‫ا‬

7. 7
Remedial Education
ُ٬‫آؾ‬ ٧ ١‫٥حٳ٥ح‬ ٤ٖ‫ِف‬١٧‫ف‬(9225)٧٥ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١‫دإ‬ٟ‫٬دس‬ ٪‫جٝدـ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١٠ ً٠٢ٝ‫ج‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬
‫٬ِح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫ّر‬٬‫جٯلحل‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفجز‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝٚو٧ف‬ ٤‫ٯ٧ظ‬ ‫ُٴض‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫سوػ٬غ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝس٧ول‬ ‫لد٬ل‬ ٫ٖ ٣‫اُؿجؿ‬‫٠٢٦ح‬ ٫٢
‫٠٢٦ح‬ ٪‫ؤ‬ ٫ٖ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬.
‫جٝق٬حز‬ ‫٧ؤنحف‬(9226)١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿؾل‬ٕ‫ُِف‬٬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٧‫ؤ‬٤٢‫دإ‬‫ٜحٖدر‬ ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬
‫جٝ٠دحندفذ‬ ‫٧ٓ٬ف‬ ‫جٝ٠دحنفذ‬ ،‫٧جٱ٢لح٢٬ر‬ ‫ُود٬ر‬ ‫٧جٝ٢ٗك‬ ،‫٧جٝ٠ِفٖ٬ر‬ ‫جٝلٞ٧ٜ٬ر‬ ،‫جٝسفد٧٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝد٬ر‬ ‫ج٭ٝ٬حز‬
،‫٧جٯٜحؿ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٢٠حث٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفجز‬ ١٬‫ٝسػل‬،١٬ِ٠ ٨٧‫٠ػس‬ ٩ُٞ ٘٬‫دحٝسًد‬ ،‫٠ِ٬٢ر‬ ‫ٝٗثر‬ ،‫٠ِ٬٢ر‬ ‫آٝ٬حز‬ ٟ‫دحلسؾؿج‬
‫جٝ٠فٓ٧در‬ ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ٘٬ٚ‫ٝسػ‬ ،‫٠ِ٬٢ر‬ ‫ٝٗسفذ‬.
‫جٝػؿ‬ ‫٧ؤنحفز‬٪‫٬ؿ‬(9226)١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬‫جٝسودػ٬ػ٬ر‬ ‫جٝسفد٬در‬(Remedial Education)‫٠دح‬ ٧‫ؤ‬
٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫دحٝس‬ ً‫ح‬‫ؤ٬ي‬ ٕ‫٬ِف‬/٪‫جِٝ٬حؿ‬(Clinical Teaching)‫س٢ٗ٬دـ٥ح‬ ٟ‫٬دس‬ ‫جٱظفجءجز‬ ١٠ ‫ظ٠ٞر‬ ٫٥
ٍ‫جٝ٠لسًح‬ ‫ٙؿف‬ ٫ِ٬‫جًٝد‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬ ١٠ ‫ٙف٬دح‬ ‫ٝ٬ودغ‬ ٤‫سوػ٬ػ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ١٬‫ٝسػل‬.٫‫جِٝٴظد‬ ٟ٬‫٧ٝٞسِٞد‬
ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ؾوحثه‬٨٧‫٠لدس‬ ٩‫ُٞد‬ ‫٧٬٢ٗـ‬ ‫ؤٜصف‬ ٕ‫٠ٜص‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٧٥ ٘‫جٝٗف‬ ١ٜٝ ،ٟ‫ُح‬ ٤‫د٧ظ‬ ‫جٝظ٬ؿ‬
٪‫ٖفؿ‬.‫٬٠صل‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١‫ٖب‬ ٛٝ‫ٜـ‬‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬‫٠ػؿؿذ‬ ‫سِٞ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫ؤلحٝ٬خ‬ ‫٬٠صل‬ ‫٠٠ح‬ ‫ؤٜصف‬ ‫ُح٠ر‬.‫٧سند٠ل‬
‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جٝؾً٧جز‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ؿ٧فذ‬:(0)،‫ًٝٞحٝدخ‬ ‫جٝسِٞ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝػحظحز‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬(9)ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٬٠‫سود‬‫ؾًدر‬
،‫جٝسؿف٬ل٬ر‬(3)،‫جٝسؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ‫جٝؾًر‬ ‫س٢ٗ٬ـ‬(7)،‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬(5)ٟ٬٠‫٧سو‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ػحظحز‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ‫اُحؿذ‬
٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫دؿ٧فذ‬ ‫٧جٳلس٠فجف‬ ،‫ٖحُٞ٬س٦ح‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫٧س‬ ‫٧س٢ٗ٬ـ٥ح‬ ‫ظؿ٬ؿذ‬ ‫سؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ‫ؾًر‬.
‫جِٝٴ‬ ‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ‫٢٠٧ـض‬ ٫ٖ ٩ٝ٧‫جٯ‬ ‫جٝؾً٧ذ‬ ١‫ٖب‬ ،٣‫ؤُٴ‬ ‫جٝ٠ـٜ٧فذ‬ ‫جٝؾً٧جز‬ ١٠ ‫٬سيغ‬ ‫٧ٜ٠ح‬٩ُٞ ‫سنس٠ل‬ ‫ظ٬ر‬
٤‫ؤؿجث‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝفث٬ل٬ر‬ ‫جٝٚ٧ذ‬ ١ً‫٧٠٧ج‬ ِٕ‫جٝي‬ ١ً‫٠٧ج‬ ‫٧سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؾوحثه‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬.‫جٝؾًد٧ذ‬ ١٠‫٧سسيد‬
٤‫سِٞ٬٠د‬ ‫دِؿ‬ ٤ٞ٠ُ ٩ُٞ ً‫ج‬‫ٙحؿف‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ١٠ َٙ٧‫٬س‬ ‫٠ح‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫جٝصح٢٬ر‬.١‫٧٠د‬
‫جٝيد‬ ١ً‫٧٠٧ج‬ ‫جٝٚ٧ذ‬ ١ً‫د٠٧ج‬ ٘٬‫٧ص‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ً‫سفسد‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٧جيغ‬‫جًٝحٝدخ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ٫‫ٖد‬ ِٕ.
‫جٝ٠ؾسٞٗر‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬ ‫د٠ظحٳز‬ ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ً‫سفسد‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ؤ٬ي‬ ١ٜ٠٬٧(،‫٧جٳظس٠حُ٬در‬ ‫جٳ٢ِٗحٝ٬ر‬ ،‫جٝػفٜ٬ر‬ ،‫جٯٜحؿ٬٠٬ر‬
‫اٝؽ‬ ،‫جٝ٠ِفٖ٬ر‬ ،‫جٝس٧جوٞ٬ر‬.)
ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ‫جؾس٬حف‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ‬ ‫٠فجُحس٦ح‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯلحل٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠دحؿة‬ ١٠٧:ٛ٧ٞ‫لد‬ ٫‫ٖد‬ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ‫٬س٠صل‬ ١‫ؤ‬
ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ً‫٬فسد‬ ١‫٧ؤ‬ ،‫ٝٞٚ٬حك‬ ‫ٙحدل‬‫٧ؤ٬فذ‬ ‫دل٬ًر‬ ‫ؾً٧جز‬ ‫٥٬ثر‬ ٩ُٞ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ّ‫٬وح‬ ١‫٧ؤ‬ ،‫جًٝٗل‬ ‫دػحظحز‬
‫ؤٜدف‬ ٕ‫٥ؿ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝ٢٦ح٬ر‬ ٫ٖ ‫٬ٚ٧ؿ‬ ١‫٧ؤ‬.٤‫س٧ٌ٬ٗد‬ ٟ‫ل٬س‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ‫جؾس٬حف‬ ٫٦ٖ ‫جٝصحٝصر‬ ‫جٝؾً٧ذ‬ ‫ؤ٠ح‬
٫٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ٘٬ٚ‫سػ‬ ١٠ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ١٬ٜ٠‫ٝس‬.‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ‫جؾس٬حف‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ‬ ‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جِٝ٧ج٠ل‬ ‫٠فجُحذ‬ ٫ٔ‫٧٬٢د‬:
o١٧ٜ٬ ١‫ؤ‬‫ًٝٞحٝخ‬ ٫ٝ‫جٝػح‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬ ٨٧‫ٝ٠لس‬ ً‫ح‬٠‫٠ٴث‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬.
oٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ٘٬ٚ‫سػ‬ ‫جٯلٞ٧خ‬ ١٠‫٬ي‬ ١‫ؤ‬.

8. 8
oِٟٞ‫ٝٞس‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؿجِٖ٬ر‬ ‫جٯلٞ٧خ‬ ‫٬لسص٬ف‬ ١‫ؤ‬.
o٫‫جٝ٢٦حث‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬ ٨٧‫٠لس‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٫ٝ‫جٝػح‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬ ٨٧‫٠لس‬ ١٠ ً‫ح‬٬‫سؿف٬ظ‬ ‫دحٳ٢سٚحل‬ ‫ًٝٞحٝخ‬ ‫جٯلٞ٧خ‬ ‫٬ل٠غ‬ ١‫ؤ‬
‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧خ‬.
o‫ؾوحثه‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ٘‫٬ًحد‬ ١‫ؤ‬‫جٝ٠٢ن٧ؿ‬ ٫٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕ‫٧جٝ٦ؿ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬.
٫‫جٝسِٞ٬٠د‬ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ٘٬ٚ‫ٝسػ‬ ‫جٝ٠٢حلدر‬ ‫جٝسِٞ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫٧جٝ٠٧جؿ‬ ‫جٝ٧لحثل‬ ‫جؾس٬حف‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝفجدِر‬ ‫جٝؾً٧ذ‬ ‫٧سس٠صل‬.
‫دسو٠٬٠٦ح‬ ٤‫٢ٗل‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ‫٧ٙؿ‬ ‫ظح٥قذ‬ ‫٧جٝ٠٧جؿ‬ ‫جٝ٧لحثل‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ١٧ٜ‫س‬ ‫٧ٙؿ‬.‫جٝؾح٠لر‬ ‫جٝؾً٧ذ‬ ‫سس٠صل‬ ،ً‫ج‬‫٧ؤؾ٬ف‬
ٝ‫ج‬ ٫‫جٝسؿف٬ل‬ ‫جٯلٞ٧خ‬ ‫ٖحُٞ٬ر‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٫ٖٟ‫٠لسؾؿ‬.‫ٙحدٞدر‬ ‫٢سحظحز‬ ‫٥٬ثر‬ ٩ُٞ ٣‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٫٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ١‫٧ٯ‬
َ‫جٝ٠فظ‬ ٫ٜ‫٠ػ‬ ‫جٝٚ٬حك‬ ٟ‫دحلسؾؿج‬ ٛٝ‫٧ـ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ٖحُٞ٬ر‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ َ٬ً‫٬لس‬ ،‫جٝ٠دحنف‬ ‫ٝٞٚ٬حك‬.‫جسيغ‬ ‫ٖبـج‬
‫ؤ‬٫ٝ‫جٝسح‬ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٬٢سٚل‬ ،٤ٚ٬ٚ‫سػ‬ ٟ‫س‬ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ١.‫سػٞ٬دل‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠ِٞد‬ ٩ُٞ ٫ٔ‫٬٢د‬ ،ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ٘ٚ‫٬سػ‬ ٟٝ ‫٧اـج‬
‫ُ٢حوف‬‫جٝٴق٠ر‬ ‫جٝسِؿ٬ٴز‬ ‫ٝ٠ِفٖر‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٫‫جٝسنؾ٬و‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫ؾً٧جز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬.
Remedial Teaching
،٤‫٧ؤلدحٝ٬د‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝدس‬ ً‫٧٧لحث‬ ،‫جٝسفد٧٬ر‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ‫ج٭ٝ٬حز‬ ‫ٜحٖر‬ ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫دحٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫٬ٚوؿ‬
‫٧جٯ‬ ‫جٝ٠ِفٖ٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠لس٧٬حز‬ ‫٧س٢٠٬ر‬ ١٬‫سػل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ُٴض‬ ٕ‫سلس٦ؿ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬‫ِٝٞٴض‬ َ‫سؾي‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠ظحٳز‬ ٫ٖ ‫ٜحؿ٬٠٬ر‬
ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬(،‫جٝق٬حز‬9226)
‫نٚ٬ف‬ ‫سن٬ف‬(9225)٧٥ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ّ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝسفد٧٬ر‬ ‫٧جٱظفجءجز‬ ‫جٝظ٦٧ؿ‬ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬
‫ّدر‬٬ٖ‫جٝ٠ِف‬ ٧ ‫ّر‬٬‫جٝػلد‬ ‫جٝ٠ِ٧ٙحز‬ ‫سػ٧ل‬ ١٠ٝ ٫ٞ٬‫جٝسػو‬ ٨٧‫دحٝ٠لس‬ ‫ٝٴفسٚحء‬ ‫جٝٗول‬ ‫ؿجؾل‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫د٦ح‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬
‫٧ج‬١‫٠د‬ ١٧٢‫٬ِدح‬ ٟ٦٢‫ددإ‬ ‫ُدحؿذ‬ ١٧ٗ‫٬٧و‬ ١٬‫٧جٝـ‬ ،٪‫جِٝحؿ‬ ٫ٞ٬‫جٝسػو‬ ٨٧‫جٝ٠لس‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٟ٦ٝ٧‫٧و‬ ١٧‫ؿ‬ ‫ّر‬٬‫ٝ٢ٗل‬
،٫‫جٝسؿف٬ل‬ ٕٙ٧٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٤٬‫٬ٚسي‬ ٪‫ٖ٧ف‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ‫ٙؿ‬ ٫ٞ٬‫جٝسػو‬ ٨٧‫دحٝ٠لس‬ ‫جٳفسٚحء‬ ‫٧٥ـج‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ٫ٖ ‫وِ٧دحز‬
٧‫ؤ‬‫ُٴ‬ ‫ٱظفجءجز‬ ً٬ً‫جٝسؾ‬ ‫سسًٞخ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جِٝ٢حوف‬ ١٠ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ‫سس٧جٖف‬ ١٬‫ػ‬ ‫دِؿ‬ ‫ٖ٬٠ح‬‫ٝ٦ح‬ ‫ظ٬ر‬.
ّ٫‫جِٝٴظد‬ ‫ّدر‬٬ٞ٠ِٝ‫ج‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ َ٠ ٛ‫٬نسف‬ ٘٬‫ٖف‬ ‫د٦ح‬ ٟ‫جٝٚ٬ح‬ ‫٬سًٞخ‬ ‫جِٝٴظ٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ١‫دإ‬ ً‫ح‬٠ُٞ:
‫جًٝد٬خ‬ ،٫‫جٝ٢ٗل‬ ‫جٝ٠فنؿ‬ ،ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫سٜ٢٧ٝ٧ظ٬ح‬ ٫‫ؤؾوحث‬ ،٫ُ‫جٳظس٠ح‬ ٫‫جٯؾوحث‬ ،٫‫جٝ٢ٗل‬ ٫‫ٜحٯؾوحث‬.ٟ‫٧٬دس‬
‫جٝؿ‬ ‫جٝٗول‬ ‫ؿجؾل‬ ‫ٖفؿ٬ر‬ ‫ػحٳز‬ َ٠ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُحز‬ َ٠ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬٤‫ؾحفظد‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٫‫فجل‬(‫ٓفٖدر‬
‫جٝ٠وحؿف‬)‫جٝ٠سحػر‬ ‫ٝٲ٠ٜح٢حز‬ ً‫ح‬ٖٚ٧٧ ،٤ٝ ً٬ً‫جٝسؾ‬ ‫ٜ٬ٗ٬ر‬ ‫دػلخ‬.

9. 9
١٬‫ػل‬ ‫٧ؤنحف‬(9229)‫جٝ٠دؿؾل‬ ‫جٝسدؿف٬ك‬ ١٠ ٍ٧٢ٝ‫ج‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ٤‫د‬ ‫٬ٚوؿ‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬
‫٠ٴػٌدحز‬ ١‫٠د‬ ٤‫٬ػس٧٬د‬ ‫د٠ح‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬ ‫ٝ٠ٌح٥ف‬ ٘٬ٙ‫جٝؿ‬ ‫جٝسٚؿ٬ف‬ ‫ؤلحك‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ٌٟ‫جٝ٠٢س‬
‫٠دحنف‬‫جٝسٚدؿ٬ف‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫٧٬س٬غ‬ ،ٟ٬٬ٚ‫جٝس‬ ‫ٱظفجء‬ َ‫جٝ٠فظ‬ ‫ّر‬٬ٜ‫٠ػ‬ ‫٠ٚح٬٬ك‬ ٟ‫٧جلسؾؿج‬ ،‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ َ٠ ‫٧٠ٚحدٴز‬ ،‫ذ‬
‫جٯؿجء‬ ‫٠ٚحف٢در‬ ‫ؾدٴل‬ ١‫٠د‬ ‫ج٭صحف‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ،‫جٯؿجء‬ ‫سٚؿ٬ف‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫٢سحثط‬ ١٠ ‫سً٧٬ف٥ح‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ‫سؿف٬ك‬ ‫ؾًر‬
‫ٝٞسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ٫‫جٝ٢٦حث‬‫دحٝ٠ػٜحز‬ ‫دحٳلسِح٢ر‬ ‫جٝسٚؿ٬ف‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ٟ٦‫جلسظحدحس‬ ‫٠ٚحدل‬‫جٝصحدسر‬.‫جٝسدؿف٬ك‬ ٕ‫٧٬٦دؿ‬
٪‫جِٝدحؿ‬ ‫٧جٝ٠د٢٦ط‬ ‫ّر‬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬ ‫دحًٝف٬ٚر‬ ‫سِٞ٠٦ح‬ ٫ٖ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ‫٬ظؿ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫ٝٞ٠٦حفجز‬ ‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ١‫اسٚح‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬
٪‫جِٝحؿ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫٧ج‬.
‫ددفج٠ط‬ ٫‫٧٥د‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝدس‬ ‫ٝوِ٧دحز‬ ‫جٝسفد٧٬ر‬ ‫جٝدفج٠ط‬ ‫ّر‬٬ُ٧٢ ٩ُٞ ‫ٝٞؿٳٝر‬ ‫جٝ٠وًٞغ‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ٟ‫٧٬لسؾؿ‬
‫ٖفؿ٬ر‬ ‫سفد٧٬ر‬(IEP)Individualized Educational Plan٧٥ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٫٢ِ٬ ‫٧٥ـج‬ ،
ٟ٬ِٞ‫س‬٫٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٣‫٧٠ػس٧ج‬ ٤ٖ‫ؤ٥ؿج‬ ٤ٝ٘٧‫دحٝٗف‬ ٟ‫٧٬٦س‬ ،‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ِٕ‫٧جٝي‬ ‫جٝٚ٧ذ‬ ً٘‫٠٢ح‬ ٫ُ‫٬فج‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝؾحه‬
‫جٝسفد٬در‬ ٫ٖ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٪‫ؤ‬ ،‫ػؿذ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫ًٗل‬ ‫ٜل‬ ‫ؾوحثه‬ ٫ُ‫سفج‬ ‫ؾحور‬ ‫دفج٠ط‬ ٟ٬‫سٚؿ‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ‫جٝٗفؿ٬ر‬
٬‫ٝسػؿ‬ ‫٠٠حفلحز‬ ‫٬٧ٖف‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬٨٧‫جٝ٠لدس‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫دحًٝٗل‬ ‫جٝ٧و٧ل‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٕ‫٧٬٦ؿ‬ ،‫جٝٗفؿ٬ر‬ ‫جٳػس٬حظحز‬ ‫٠ٚحدٞر‬ ‫ؿ‬
‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧در‬ ‫جٯٜحؿ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفجز‬ ١‫اسٚح‬ ١٠ ٤٢ٜ٠ُ‫س‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٜٝٗح٬ر‬ ١٠ ٫‫جٯلحل‬.
ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٤ٝ‫ؾٴ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬٧ ،ٟ٬٬ٚ‫ٝٞس‬ ‫جٝفل٠٬ر‬ ‫ٓ٬ف‬ ‫جٯلحٝ٬خ‬ ٟ٥‫ؤ‬ ١٠ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٪‫جِٝ٬حؿ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫٬ِسدف‬ ٧
ً ١ُ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ‫دحؾسدحف‬‫ٖ٬٠دح‬ ‫جٝ٢ظدحع‬ ٘٬ٚ‫سػ‬ ٟ٦٢ٜ٠٬ ١‫ٜح‬ ‫اـج‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫٠ٴػٌر‬ ٧ ٟ٦ٝ ‫جٝؿف٧ك‬ ٟ٬‫سٚؿ‬ ٘٬‫ف‬
‫ٳ‬ ٟ‫ؤ‬ ٤٢٧‫٬ئؿ‬.‫ٜدل‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ‫دػ٬ش‬ ‫دِ٢ح٬ر‬ ‫جٝؿف٧ك‬ ‫سلٞلل‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٬ِ٠ل‬ ً‫ح‬٠ِٞ٠ ‫٬سًٞخ‬ ٤٢‫ٖب‬ ‫جٯلحك‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ٩ُٞ٧
٤٬ٞ٬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ١٠ ‫ؤل٦ل‬ ٧ ،٤ٚ‫٬لد‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ١٠ ‫ؤوِخ‬ ‫سحل‬ ‫ؿفك‬.‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ٍ‫جلسًح‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫اـج‬ ٧
‫د‬ ‫٬ئؿ٧ج‬ ١‫ؤ‬‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جٝؿف٧ك‬ ‫ؤص٢حء‬ ‫٠نٜٴز‬ ‫٧جظ٦٧ج‬ ٟ٦٢ٜٝ٧ ،‫جٝؿف٧ك‬ ‫ؤػؿ‬ ٫ٖ ‫ظ٬ؿ‬ ‫نٜل‬ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٩ُٞ ‫ٖ٬ودغ‬
‫جٝ٢ًٚر‬ ١٠ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫٬دؿؤ‬ ١‫ؤ‬‫ُ٢ؿ٥ح‬ ‫٧جظ٦٧ج‬ ٫‫جٝس‬‫جٝ٠نٜٴز‬.١‫ٯ‬ ً‫ج‬‫٧٢ٌف‬٫‫جِٝٴظد‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٪‫جِٝ٬دحؿ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬
٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ً٬ً‫ٝٞسؾ‬ ٟ‫جٝٴق‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫جٝس‬ ١٠ ً‫ح‬٬‫ؤلحل‬ ً‫ج‬‫ظقء‬ ‫٬٠صل‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ٤٢‫ٖب‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ َ٠ ‫٬سٜح٠ل‬٫.
‫جلسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ٨‫ٜبػؿ‬ ٪‫جِٝ٬حؿ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ١‫ٖب‬ ‫آؾف‬ ‫ظح٢خ‬ ١٠٧١‫ؤ‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫٧جٝس‬ ‫جٝٚ٬حك‬
‫٬فٜق‬‫ٝٞسٞ٠٬دـ‬ ‫دحٝ٢لدر‬ ‫٠نٜٞر‬ ‫س٠صل‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫ٝ٦ح‬ ‫دحٝ٢لدر‬ ً‫ٳ‬‫جػس٠ح‬ ‫جٯٜصف‬ ١٠ ١٧ٜ٬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝظ٧ج٢خ‬ ٛٞ‫س‬ ٩ُٞ ً‫ٳ‬٧‫ؤ‬.
ٖ‫٧جٝ٠ِف‬ ،٫٠٬٢٧ٗٝ‫ج‬ ٫ُ٧ٝ‫ج‬ ١٠‫سسي‬ ‫جٝظ٧ج٢خ‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫٠صل‬ ١‫ٖب‬ ‫جٝنٗفذ‬ ٖٛ ‫ػحٝر‬ ٫ٖٗ،‫٧جٯود٧جز‬ ٕ٧‫دحٝػف‬ ‫ر‬
‫جٝ٠لسٚٞر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠٢ٗفؿذ‬ ‫جٜٝٞ٠حز‬ ‫نٗفذ‬ ٖٛ٧(،‫ٝ٦دح‬ ٩‫٠ِ٢د‬ ‫ٳ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫٧جٜٝٞ٠حز‬ ‫جِٝٗٞ٬ر‬ ‫ٜٝٞٞ٠حز‬ ‫دحٝ٢لدر‬ ٛٝ‫٧ـ‬
‫جًِٝٚر‬ ‫٧ٙفجءذ‬.٪‫جٝـ‬ ٨‫جٝ٠ؿ‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٬فٜق‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٪‫جِٝ٬حؿ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ١‫ٖب‬ ٟ٦ٗٞٝ ‫دحٝ٢لدر‬ ‫ّح‬٠‫ؤ‬
‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ‫٬سـٜف٧ج‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٤ٝ‫ؾٴ‬ ‫ٝٞسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ١ٜ٠٬‫دحِٝٗل‬ ٣٧‫ٙفؤ‬ ‫ٙؿ‬ ‫٬ٜ٧٢٧ج‬ ‫٠٠ح‬ ‫ُٞ٬٦ح‬ ١٧ٞ‫٬ػو‬ ٫.١‫ؤ‬ ١ٜ٠٬ ٧
ً‫ح‬٬ٌٗٝ ١٧٠٧ٚ٬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫٬ظِل‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫ُ٬حؿ‬ ٤٠٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٧ ٟ٦ٗٝ‫ج‬ ‫ٙ٬حك‬ ٟ‫٬س‬‫٬ٚفؤ٧٥ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جًِٝٚر‬ ‫ٙه‬ ‫دبُحؿذ‬(‫ؤ‬.‫ُدحؿل‬
‫٠ػ٠٧ؿ‬ ‫ُدؿجهلل‬)

10. 02
ٕ‫اهؼالس‬ ‫هوخدرٖس‬ ‫اهؼبيج‬ ‫اهيتبدئ‬:
ٟ٧ٚ‫س‬‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ٝـ‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫ٝٞسؿف٬ك‬ ‫جِٝح٠ر‬ ‫جٝ٠دحؿة‬‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ‫ج٭ٝ٬حز‬ ٩ُٞ ِٟٞ:
0.٩ُٞ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫٥ئٳء‬ ‫سلحُؿ‬ ‫دإلثٞر‬ ً‫ٴ‬٬‫٠ـ‬ ،‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫دؿج٬ر‬ ‫ٙدل‬ ‫ٝٞ٠ٚفف‬ ً‫ح‬٬ٞ٬‫سٗو‬ ً‫ح‬ٗ٬‫س٧و‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ً‫ج‬‫اًحف‬ ٟ‫ٙؿ‬
‫جٝ٠لدس٦ؿٖر‬ ‫٧دحٜٝٗدحءذ‬ ،‫ؤٖيدل‬ ٧‫٢ػ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝ٠ٚفف‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫جٝ٧ػؿذ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫جٝٗول‬ ١٧٠‫٠ي‬ ‫سػو٬ل‬ً‫ح‬‫٧ٖٚد‬
‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧در‬ ‫جٝ٠ِفٖ٬ر‬ ‫ٝٞ٠ػؿؿجز‬.
9.٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠ٚفف‬ ّٟ‫ل‬ٙ١٠‫جٝق‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠ ‫دحٜٝح٠ل‬ ‫سًٔ٬س٦ح‬ ١ٜ٠٬ ‫٠٧ي٧ُحز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٧ػؿجز‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جِٝٞ٠٬ر‬ ‫حؿذ‬
‫ٝ٠ح‬ ‫جٝفث٬ل٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٦ح٠ر‬ ً‫جٝ٢ٚح‬ ‫سٞؾ٬ه‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝػفه‬ َ٠ ،‫جٝ٠ػحيفذ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ٝٞػور‬ ‫جٝ٠ؾوه‬
ٍ٧‫جٝ٠٧ي‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ٝٞ٧ػؿذ‬ ‫جٝنحفػر‬ ‫جٯلثٞر‬ ‫ددِى‬ ٤ٞ٬٬‫٧سـ‬ ،٤٠٬‫سٚؿ‬ ٟ‫س‬
3.‫جدؿؤ‬٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫جٝ٧جيػر‬ ‫جٯلثٞر‬ ١٠ ‫جِٝؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫دبصحفذ‬ ٛ‫ؿفل‬ِٟٞ‫جٝدس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫٧ؤظِل‬ ،‫ػؿؿذ‬
٨‫٠ؿ‬ ١ُ ١٧‫٬ِدف‬٣‫٥دـ‬ ٩‫ُٞد‬ ‫جٱظحددر‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ‬ ٟ٦‫٠ٗفؿجس‬ ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٦ِ‫٧نظ‬ ،‫جٯلثٞر‬ ٣‫ٝ٦ـ‬ ٟ٦٠٦ٖ
‫جٯلثٞر‬.
7.٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝنٗحٖ٬حز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝنفجثغ‬ ‫ُفى‬ ‫ظ٦حق‬ ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬Power Point٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ٝٞدؿفك‬ ٫ٖ‫٠ِف‬ ً٬ً‫سؾ‬ َ٠
٤‫سؿف٬ل‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ٍ٧‫جٝ٠٧ي‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٧ػؿذ‬.
5.‫٧جيػر‬ ً‫ح‬‫٢لؾ‬ ٟ‫ٙؿ‬ٛ‫٠ـٜفجس‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٛ‫٠ػحيفجس‬ ١٠‫ػلد٠ح‬ ،‫سلسؾؿ٠٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝنفجثغ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝنٗحٖ٬حز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬
٣‫٥ـ‬ ١٠ ‫جٳلسٗحؿذ‬ ‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ١ٜ٠٬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠ِ٬٢حز‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ١٠ ٪‫ؤ‬ ٨‫سف‬.
6.‫افنحؿ٬ر‬ ‫ؾً٧جز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٍ٧‫٠٧ي‬ ‫جٝ٧ػؿذ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ٝٞٗول‬ ‫٠ِفٖ٬ر‬ ‫سؾً٬ً٬ر‬ ‫ؾف٬ًر‬ ‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ٟ‫ٙؿ‬
‫ج‬ ٟ٦٬ُٞ ١٬ِ‫٬س‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠ٗسحػ٬ر‬ ً‫٧جٝ٢ٚح‬ ،‫ٝؿفجلس٦ح‬،‫جٝٗول‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،ٍ٧‫ٝٞ٠٧ي‬ ٟ٦‫٠فجظِس‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ‫ُٞ٬٦ح‬ ‫ٝسفٜ٬ق‬
‫جٝسؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٧ػؿذ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬.
7.٧ ،‫٠ؾسودفذ‬ ‫ٜٞ٠حز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫دسٞ٠٬ػحز‬ ‫سؿُ٬٠٦ح‬ َ٠ ‫٧٥حؿٖر‬ ‫٧٠فٜقذ‬ ‫٠٢ًٚ٬ر‬ ‫جٝنٗ٦٬ر‬ ٛ‫سِٞ٬٠حس‬ ‫جظِل‬
‫جٝ٠ِٚؿذ‬ ‫جٝسِٞ٬٠حز‬ ‫و٬حٓر‬ ‫اُحؿذ‬‫ٝ٦ح‬ ً‫ح‬‫جلس٬ِحد‬ ‫ؤٙل‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٨‫سف‬ ٫‫جٝس‬.
8.٫ٌٗٞٝ‫ج‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٫٦ٗ‫جٝن‬ ‫دحِٝفى‬ ٟ‫ج٥س‬‫سلسؾؿ٠٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝنٗحٖ٬حز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝنفجثغ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝلد٧فذ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٬ٜسخ‬ ‫ٝ٠ح‬
‫جِٝٞ٠٬ر‬ ‫ٝٞ٠حؿذ‬ ٛٝ٧‫س٢ح‬ ٫ٖ.
9.‫٠صل‬ ‫جٝٗول‬ ‫ؿجؾل‬ ٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬ ‫٠نسسحز‬ ‫جُقل‬:‫جٝ٠ٞودٚحز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٧جٝود٧ف‬ ،‫٧جٯيد٧جء‬ ،‫جٝي٧يدحء‬
‫٧ٓ٬ف٥ح‬ ‫٧جٝ٠ٜ٬ٗحز‬.
02.‫ُف‬ ‫ظ٦حق‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝلد٧فذ‬ ً‫ح‬٠‫٠لسؾؿ‬ ،‫ظؿ٬ؿذ‬ ‫ُٞ٠٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫سٜ٢٧ٝ٧ظ٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫سٚ٢٬ر‬ ‫آٝ٬حز‬ ٟ‫ٙؿ‬٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝندفجثغ‬ ‫ى‬
‫جِٝٞ٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠حؿذ‬ ‫جلس٬ِحخ‬ ٩ُٞ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫ٝ٠لحُؿذ‬ ‫جٝنفجثغ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫جٝنٗحٖ٬حز‬.

11. 00
00.،‫جٝـجٜفذ‬ ‫سِٗ٬ل‬ ‫جلسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ُٟٞ٧ ،‫جٝـجٜفذ‬ ‫سؿجُ٬حز‬ ‫سلسص٬ف‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯلك‬ ٟ‫ٙؿ‬
‫س٢ن٬ً٦ح‬ ‫٧ُ٧ج٠ل‬ ،‫ٜٗحءس٦ح‬ َٖ‫٧ف‬.
09.٫ٜ‫جٱؿفج‬ ً٬‫جٝ٧ل‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٳُس٠حؿ‬ ُٟ‫ؿ‬‫جِٝٞ٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠حؿذ‬ ٟ٬‫سٚؿ‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ١٠ ‫جٝ٠ٗيل‬١٧‫٬ٜد‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ُٞ
٨‫ٝؿ‬ ‫جٝوِ٧در‬ ً٠٢ٝ ً‫ح‬ٖٚ٧ ٨‫جٯؾف‬ ً‫جٝ٧لحث‬ َ٬٧٢‫س‬ َ٠ ،‫آؾف‬ ً٬‫٧ل‬ ٟ‫دحلسؾؿج‬ ‫جٝ٠حؿذ‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫دِفى‬ ً‫ح‬ُ٧‫٠سد‬
‫جًٝٴخ‬.
03.،‫جلس٬ِحد٦ح‬ ١٠ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ‫٬ل٠غ‬ ‫٧د٠ِؿل‬ ،‫٧جيػر‬ ‫دٞٔر‬ ‫جِٝٞ٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠حؿذ‬ ‫جُفى‬
‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝؿف٧ك‬ ‫٧د٠سحدِر‬‫٧ٓ٬ف٥ح‬ ‫٧جٝل٠ِ٬ر‬ ‫جٝدوف٬ر‬ ً‫جٝ٧لحث‬ ٕٞ‫٠ؾس‬ ٟ‫دحلسؾؿج‬ ‫جٝ٠ػحيفجز‬ ٧.
07.٫٢ٗٝ‫ج‬ َ‫جًٝحد‬ ‫ـجز‬ ‫جِٝٞ٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٧جؿ‬ ٟ‫ٙؿ‬–‫جٝ٦٢ؿلر‬ ،‫جٝظٔفجٖ٬ح‬ ،ٟ٧ِٞٝ‫ج‬–‫ودٔ٬فذ‬ ‫ؾً٧جز‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠
٫٠ُٞ ٧ ٫ًٚ٢٠ َ‫سسحد‬ ٫ٖ ‫سٞ٬٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫ؾً٧ذ‬ ‫ٜل‬ ‫سٚ٧ؿ‬ ‫دػ٬ش‬ ‫٠سسحدِر‬.
05.٧ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ٟ٦ٖ ١٠ ٛ‫ؿفل‬ ٫٦٢‫س‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫ٙدل‬ ‫سإٜؿ‬٤‫٧سًد٬ٚحسد‬ ٤٢٬٠‫٧٠يدح‬ ،‫جٝدؿفك‬ ٨٧‫ٝ٠ػس‬ ٟ٦‫جلس٬ِحد‬
‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ‫جٝ٠ِحم‬ َٙ‫دحٝ٧ج‬ ٤ً‫فد‬ َ٠ ،‫جٝسفد٧٬ر‬.
06.٫‫جٜٝسحد‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٫٦ٗ‫جٝن‬ ‫جٝسِد٬ف‬ ٩ُٞ ‫سِس٠ؿ‬ ‫سٜٞ٬ٗحز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٧جظدحز‬ ًُ‫ج‬.
07.‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ‫اسحػس٦ح‬ َ٠ ،‫٠لظٞر‬ ‫ٜحل٬ز‬ ً‫نفجث‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝ٠ِٚؿذ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝوِدر‬ ‫جٝ٠٧ي٧ُحز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝؿف٧ك‬ ٟ‫ٙؿ‬
‫ُ٢ؿ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬‫جٝػحظر‬.
08.٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝسدؿف٬دحز‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫٧وػغ‬ ،‫ٝ٦ح‬ ٛ‫ُفي‬ ‫ُٚخ‬ ‫٧جٝ٠٧ي٧ُحز‬ ‫ٝٞؿف٧ك‬ ‫٧سًد٬ٚحز‬ ‫سؿف٬دحز‬ ًُ‫ج‬
،‫ؾحه‬ ٧‫٢ػ‬ ٩ُٞ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ‫ٖ٧ف٬ر‬ ‫فجظِر‬ ‫سٔـ٬ر‬ ٟ٬‫سٚؿ‬ َ٠ ،‫جٝسًد٬ٚحز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٧جظدحز‬
٧‫جٝ٠فظ‬ ٧‫جٝ٢ػ‬ ٩ُٞ ٤‫جلس٬ِحد‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٟٝ ٤٢‫ؤ‬ ٨‫سف‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫نفع‬ ‫اُحؿذ‬ َ٠.
09.٧ِ‫و‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ‫جل٠غ‬ٟ٦‫ٜسحددحس‬ ‫٠فجظِر‬ ٫ٖ ٫ٝ‫ج٭‬ ‫جٝػحلخ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٜٝ٠د٬٧سف‬ ٟ‫دحلسؾؿج‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫دحز‬
ٟ٦٢٠ ‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧در‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠٦ح‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٟ٦‫سٜٞ٬ٗحس‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٟ٦‫٧٧جظدحس‬ ،‫جٝػلحد٬ر‬ ٟ٦‫٧ُ٠ٞ٬حس‬.
92.‫جٯٖٜدحف‬ ‫ٳلدسؾٴه‬ ‫جٝددِى‬ ٟ٦‫دِيد‬ َ٠ ‫جٝسٗحُل‬ ٩ُٞ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫لحُؿ‬
‫سؿف٬ل٦ح‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫دحٝ٠٧ي٧ُحز‬ ‫جٝ٠سِٞٚر‬ ‫جٯلحل٬ر‬َ٠ ،‫جٝوِ٧در‬ ١٠ ‫دؿفظر‬ ٕ‫سسو‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ٛٞ‫س‬ ‫٧ؾحور‬ ،
‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ٍ٧‫٠٧ي‬ ‫جٝ٠ٚفف‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٧ػؿذ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٍ٧‫جٝ٠٧ي‬ ‫ػ٧ٝ٦ح‬ ‫٬ؿ٧ف‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝفث٬ل٬ر‬ ً‫جٝ٢ٚح‬ ‫سٞؾ٬ه‬.(،‫جٝق٬حز‬
9227)
ٕ‫اهؼالس‬ ‫هوخدرٖس‬ ‫اهخخطٖط‬:
ٟ‫٠٦ح‬ ١٠‫سدسٞؾه‬ ٪‫٧جٝدـ‬ ،٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫ٝٞسؿف٬ك‬ ً٬ً‫٧جٝسؾ‬ ‫جٜٝح٠ٞر‬ ‫جٝ٠ِفٖر‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ِٟٞ٠
٤‫ؾً٧جس‬٫ٞ٬ ‫ٖ٬٠ح‬:
1.‫هوطبهة‬ ‫اهخبظج‬ ‫اهضبسبح‬ ‫انخضبف‬:
‫٬ػؿؿ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٧٬ظخ‬ ،‫د٧ي٧ع‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬ ٤‫ػحظحس‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫د٦ح‬ ١ٜ٠٬ ‫دًف٬ٚر‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ٟ‫٧٬س‬
٣‫٧٠لدس٧ج‬ ٤‫٠٬٧ٝد‬ ‫دؿٙدر‬ ‫٧٬ِٜك‬ ،٫‫جٝ٠ؿفل‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫٧ؤؿجء‬ ٧٠٢ ٫ٖ ‫سئصف‬ ‫ٙؿ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جِٝ٧ج٠ل‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫جٝس‬ ‫٥ـج‬

12. 09
٫ٞ٬‫جٝسػو‬.ٞٝ ‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫جٝظل٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝػحظحز‬ ‫٧سِسدف‬‫٧جٳ٢ِٗحٝ٬در‬ ‫جٳظس٠حُ٬در‬ ٤‫٧ػحظحسد‬ ٤‫٧ـٜحث‬ ‫ًحٝخ‬
‫ُٞ٬٦ح‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ً‫ح‬‫ؤلحل‬ ‫٧جٝسفد٧٬ر‬.
2.‫اهلرٖتج‬ ‫ّاألُداف‬ ‫اهتؼٖدث‬ ‫األُداف‬ ‫خضدٖد‬:
١٧‫٬ٜد‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٬ظخ‬ ‫٠ح‬ ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ٕ‫سو‬ ،‫جٝدِ٬ؿذ‬ ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ٩ُٞ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝدف٢ح٠ط‬ ‫٬فٜق‬
ً‫ج‬‫ٙحؿف‬٫‫جٝؿفجل‬ ٟ‫جِٝح‬ ‫٢٦ح٬ر‬ َ٠ ٤ٞ٠ُ ٩ُٞ.‫ٙو٬ف‬ ٕ‫جٯ٥ؿج‬ ‫ّح‬٠‫ؤ‬ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ٩ُٞ ‫سنس٠ل‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫ٖ٬ظخ‬ ٨‫جٝ٠ؿ‬ ‫ذ‬
٪‫جٝـ‬‫جٝ٢حظغ‬ ‫جٝسػو٬ل‬ ٛ‫٧٠ػ‬ ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫ٖ٬٦ح‬ ‫٬ػؿش‬ ٕ٧‫ل‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ٕ٧‫٧جٌٝف‬ ،٤ٞ٬‫سػو‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٕ٧‫ل‬.
3.‫خؼويِب‬ ‫شٖخى‬ ٕ‫اهخ‬ ‫اهيِيج‬ ‫خضوٖل‬:
١‫ؤ‬ ٤٢‫نإ‬ ١٠ ‫٧٥ـج‬ ،‫ٝ٦ح‬ ‫جٝ٠ٜ٧٢ر‬ ‫جٝٗفُ٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠حز‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫سظقثس٦ح‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ‫سِٞ٠٦ح‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ‫٠٦٠ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠٦حفذ‬ ‫ّر‬٬‫ؤ‬ ١‫ا‬
‫ؤٜص‬ ً‫ح‬٠٦ٖ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٫ًِ٬٧‫٥د‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠در‬ ‫سػٞ٬ل‬ ١٠ ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ١‫ا‬ ،‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫٬سِٞ٠٦ح‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫ٝٞؾً٧جز‬ ‫ف‬
‫جٝ٢ظحع‬ ١٠ ‫ٝٞسإٜؿ‬ ‫سدل٬ً٦ح‬.
4.‫اهطفل‬ ّْ‫يشخ‬ ٕ‫ف‬ ‫اهخؼوٖى‬ ‫خظيٖى‬:
‫دنٜل‬ ٧ ،‫٠ف٬غ‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ‫ٝ٦ح‬ ‫جٳلسظحدر‬ َ٬ً‫٬لس‬ ‫ٳ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ‫ػ٬ش‬ ١٠ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫سؿف٬ك‬ ‫٬دؿؤ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٬ظخ‬
١٠ ‫٬قجؿ‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ١٠٧ ،ً‫ٳ‬٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝل٦ٞر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠حز‬ ٤٬ٖ ٟ‫سٚؿ‬٫‫سؿف٬ظ‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫سِٚ٬ؿ‬.
5.‫هوطالة‬ ‫اهيؼرّفج‬ ‫اهيضنالح‬ ‫يغ‬ ‫خخٌبشة‬ ٕ‫هن‬ ‫اهيِيبح‬ ‫خؼدٖل‬:
‫جٝٚ٢دحذ‬ ‫٧٬ؾسدحف‬ ،‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫٠نحٜل‬ َ٠ ‫سس٢حلخ‬ ٩‫ػس‬ ‫٧جٝ٠٦٠حز‬ ‫٧جٯلحٝ٬خ‬ ٘‫جًٝف‬ ‫٧٬دؿل‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٬ِؿل‬
‫ٝٴلسظحدر‬ ‫جٝ٠٢حلدر‬.‫ٖ٠فذ‬ٜٞٝ‫ج‬ ‫دحًٝف٬ٚر‬ ٨‫ؤؾف‬ ‫٧٠فذ‬ ،‫سػٞ٬ٞ٦ح‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠ر‬ ٟ‫٬ٚؿ‬‫٬در‬
‫جلدسظحدر‬ ٩‫اٝد‬ ‫جٝ٧و٧ل‬ ‫لد٬ل‬ ٫ٖ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ‫٧ٜل‬ ،‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ؤلحٝ٬خ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٘‫ًف‬ ‫ُؿذ‬ ‫٬ؿ٠ط‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫جٝو٧س٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬
‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ١٠ ‫٠٢حلدر‬.
6.‫اهيالئيج‬ ‫اهينبفآح‬ ‫اخخٖبر‬:
‫٥ـج‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٧٬ظخ‬ ،‫٧جٝلٞ٬٠ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٢حلدر‬ ‫جٳلسظحدحز‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫دسِق٬ق‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٪‫جٝيف٧ف‬ ١٠
٧ٚ٬ ١‫٧ؤ‬ ،‫جٳلسظحدر‬ ‫دِؿ‬ ً‫ٳ‬‫ػح‬ ‫جٝسِق٬ق‬٫ُ‫جظس٠ح‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٪٧٢ِ٠ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٪‫٠حؿ‬ ‫سِق٬ق‬ ١٠ ‫جٝ٠ِققجز‬ َ٬‫دس٧ق‬ ٟ.
7.‫األخطبء‬ ٕ‫ف‬ ‫اهّكّع‬ ‫اهطبهة‬ ‫ٖسٌة‬ ‫تضنل‬ ‫اهدرس‬ ‫ئػداد‬:
‫ٙدؿف‬ ‫جٝسٚٞ٬دل‬ ‫جٯٙدل‬ ٩ُٞ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫دحٳلسظحدر‬ ‫ؤؾًحء‬ ٫ٖ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ َٚ٬ ‫ٳ‬ ‫دػ٬ش‬ ‫جٝؿف٧ك‬ ‫دف٠ظر‬ ‫٬ظخ‬
ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٧جٜٝسخ‬ ‫جٝسِٞ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫ٝٞ٠٧جؿ‬ ‫جٳؾس٬حف‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٧ٳدؿ‬ ،‫جٯؾًحء‬ ١٠ ١‫جٱ٠ٜح‬‫جِٝ٠دل‬ ٘‫ؤ٧فج‬ ٧ ‫ّر‬٬‫ؿفجلد‬

13. 03
‫سٚٞ٬ل‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جِٝ٠ل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫ؤؾًحء‬ ١٧‫ؿ‬ ‫ٝ٦ح‬ ‫ٝٴلسظحدر‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ٙؿفجز‬ َ٠ ‫٠س٢حلدر‬ ١٧ٜ‫س‬ ‫دػ٬ش‬ ً‫ح‬ٚ٬ٙ‫ؿ‬ ً‫ج‬‫جؾس٬حف‬
٩٢‫جٯؿ‬ ‫جٝػؿ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٯؾًحء‬.
8.‫اهراسؼج‬ ‫اهخغذٖج‬ ‫خّفٖر‬:
٤‫٧٬دٞٔد‬ ،٤ٞ٠ُ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٤ٝ‫ٙح‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫جٝ٠ؿفك‬ ‫٬ِ٬ؿ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝنحثِر‬ ٘‫جًٝف‬ ١٠٧ ،٘‫ًف‬ ‫دِؿذ‬ ‫سٚؿ٬٠٦ح‬ ١ٜ٠٬٧
‫وػ٬ػر‬ ‫ٜح٢ز‬ ٤‫جلسظحدس‬ ١‫دإ‬.(، ٪٧‫٧جٝلفًح‬ ،٪٧‫جٝلفًح‬0989،،٫ٗٙ٧ٝ‫ج‬9229)
ٕ‫اهؼالس‬ ‫اهخدرٖس‬ ‫ترايز‬ ٕ‫ف‬ ‫دراشبح‬
١٬‫ػل‬ ‫ؤنحف‬(9229)‫٧٢ـٜف٥ح‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫دفج٠ط‬ ‫س٢ح٧ٝز‬ ‫ؿفجلحز‬ ٛ‫٥٢ح‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬‫دحخ‬ ١٠
١٧‫جٝدحػص‬ ٤٬ٝ‫ا‬ ‫س٧ول‬ ‫د٠ح‬ ‫جٳلسيحءذ‬:
-١٬‫ػل‬ ١٠‫جٝ٠ئ‬ ‫ُدؿ‬ ‫٠ػ٠ؿ‬ ‫ؿفجلر‬(9225)٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫ٝٞسؿف٬ك‬ ‫دف٢ح٠ط‬ ‫ٖحُٞ٬ر‬ ٨‫٠ؿ‬ ٕ‫سِف‬ ‫٥ؿٖز‬ ٫‫جٝس‬
ٕ‫٧سِدف‬ ،١٬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬ ٟ٦٢‫٧ؤٙفج‬ ‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ِٟٞ‫س‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٘٧‫جٝٗف‬ ٕ‫٧سِف‬ ،‫جٝٚفجء‬ ‫ٝوِ٧دحز‬
‫جٝظ٢ك‬ ٕ‫جؾسٴ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝفجظِر‬ ٘٧‫٧جٝٗف‬ ،‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ٯؿجء‬ َٙ٧‫٧جٝ٠س‬ ٫ِٞٗٝ‫ج‬ ٨٧‫جٝ٠لس‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٘٧‫جٝٗف‬.
٬‫سؿف‬ ‫دف٢ح٠ط‬ ٘‫٧ًد‬‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ِٟٞ‫س‬ ‫ٝوِ٧دحز‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٫ٖ ٫‫د‬(‫جٝدحػش‬ ‫دبُؿجؿ‬)ٟ٬‫سٚ٬د‬ ‫٧٠ٚ٬حك‬ ،
ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬(‫جٝدحػش‬ ‫اُؿجؿ‬)‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ‫٠٦حفجز‬ ‫٧سؿف٬ك‬ ‫سٚؿ٬ف‬ ‫٧جلس٠حفجز‬(‫جٝدحػش‬ ‫اُؿجؿ‬)١٬‫٧سدد‬ ،
٫ٞ٬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫٢سحثط‬ ١٠:
‫وِ٧دح‬ ١٠ ١٧٢‫٬ِح‬ ١٬‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ١٬‫د‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬ ‫ؿجٝر‬ ٘٧‫ٖف‬ ‫س٧ظؿ‬‫٧جٝسٴ٠٬دـ‬ ‫جٝٚدفجءذ‬ ٟ‫سِٞد‬ ٫ٖ ‫ز‬
‫جٝ٠٦دحفجز‬ ٨٧‫٠لدس‬ ٫‫ٖد‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬ ‫ؿجٝر‬ ٘٧‫ٖف‬ ‫٧س٧ظؿ‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ‫٠ٚ٬حك‬ ‫ؤدِحؿ‬ ٫ٖ ١٬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬
،١٬٢‫جٝد‬ ‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ١٬‫د‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ‫٠ٚ٬حك‬ ‫٬ٚ٬ل٦ح‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬ ِٟٞ‫ٝٞس‬ ‫جٯلحل٬ر‬
١٬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ‫ٝوحٝغ‬ ١٬٢‫جٝد‬ ١٬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬ ‫٧ُ٬٢ر‬.
ِٟٞ‫جٝدس‬ ‫ودِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جٝد٢حز‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ١٬‫د‬ ،ِٟٞ‫ٝٞس‬ ‫جٯلحل٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفجز‬ ٨٧‫٠لس‬ ٫ٖ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬ ‫ؿجٝر‬ ‫س٧ظؿ‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬
‫ؿجٝر‬ ‫ٓ٬ف‬ ٘٧‫جٝٗف‬ ‫ظحءز‬ ‫د٬٢٠ح‬ ،‫جِٝحؿ٬حز‬ ‫جٝد٢حز‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ‫ٝوحٝغ‬ ‫جِٝٚٞ٬ر‬ ‫جٝؾوحثه‬ ٫ٖ ‫جِٝحؿ٬حز‬ ‫جٝد٢حز‬ ‫٧ُ٬٢ر‬
٨‫جٯؾف‬ ‫جٝ٠ٚ٬حك‬ ‫ؤدِحؿ‬ ٫ٖ ١٬‫جِٝ٬٢س‬ ١٬‫د‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬.‫اػ‬ ‫ؿجٝر‬ ٘٧‫ٖف‬ ‫س٧ظؿ‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬ً‫ح‬٬‫وحث‬‫ؿفظدحز‬ ‫٠س٧لًحز‬ ١٬‫د‬
٘‫سًد٬د‬ ‫ٙددل‬ ‫جٝسظف٬د٬ر‬ ‫ٝٞ٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ‫ٝٞ٠ٚ٬حك‬ ‫جٜٝٞ٬ر‬ ‫٧جٝؿفظر‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ‫٠ٚ٬حك‬ ‫ؤدِحؿ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬
٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫دف٢ح٠ط‬‫جٝسدؿف٬ك‬ ‫دف٢دح٠ط‬ ‫ِٖحٝ٬ر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٬ؿل‬ ‫٠٠ح‬ ،٪‫جٝدِؿ‬ ‫جٝٚ٬حك‬ ‫ٝوحٝغ‬ ٣‫٧دِؿ‬ ‫ٝٞٚفجءذ‬
٫‫جِٝٴظ‬.

14. 07
٫ً‫٠س٧ل‬ ٟ٬‫د‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬ ‫ؿجٝر‬ ٘٧‫ٖف‬ ‫س٧ظؿ‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬٩‫ُٞد‬ ‫جٝيدحدًر‬ ‫٧جٝ٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ‫جٝسظف٬د٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ‫ؿفظحز‬
‫٠٠دح‬ ،‫جٝسظف٬د٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ‫ٝوحٝغ‬ ‫ٝٞٚفجءذ‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫دف٢ح٠ط‬ ٘٬‫سًد‬ ‫دِؿ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ‫٠ٚ٬حك‬
‫جٝدف٢ح٠ط‬ ‫ِٖحٝ٬ر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٬ؿل‬.
-١٧‫٧آؾف‬ ٫‫ٖحٜ٧س‬ ‫ؿفجلر‬(9223)٨‫ٝدؿ‬ ‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ١٬‫سػل‬ ٫ٖ ٪‫جٝدوف‬ ٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ٕ‫سِف‬ ‫٥ؿٖز‬ ٫‫جٝس‬
٧٠‫٠ظ‬‫ٙ٧ج٠٦ح‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ‫جيًفجخ‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ ١٠ ‫ُر‬97‫٠ٚحف٢در‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫ٙفجث‬ ١٬‫جٝ٠سإؾف‬ ١٠ ً‫ٴ‬ًٗ
١‫جٝل‬ ‫٢ٗك‬ ٫ٖ ١٬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬ ١٠ ‫د٠ظ٠٧ُر‬.٩‫ُٞد‬ ‫٧جٝلفُر‬ ‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ‫ؿٙر‬ ٩ُٞ ٣‫ؤصف‬ ‫٧٠ِفٖر‬ ‫جٝدف٢ح٠ط‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٟ‫٧س‬
٬‫دودف‬ ‫٧ؤنٜحل‬ ‫ٜٞ٠حز‬ ١٠ ‫جٝ٠ٜ٧٢ر‬ ‫جٝ٠سِؿؿذ‬ ‫جٝدوف٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠ص٬فجز‬ ٟ٬‫سٚؿ‬ َ٠ ‫ؤن٦ف‬ ‫ؤفدِر‬ ٨‫٠ؿ‬‫ر‬.‫٧ؤلدٗفز‬
‫ُ٠ٞ٬در‬ ٫‫ٖد‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬ ‫ؿجٝر‬ ‫سٔ٬٬فجز‬ ‫ؤٌ٦ف٧ج‬ ‫جٝدف٢ح٠ط‬ ‫د٦ـج‬ ٟ٦‫٠ِحٝظس‬ ‫س٠ز‬ ١٬‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ١ُ ‫جٝ٢سحثط‬
٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جٯًٗدحل‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ‫ٙؿفجز‬ ١٬‫سػل‬ ٫ٖ ‫ُحٝ٬ر‬ ‫ٜٗحءذ‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝدف٢ح٠ط‬ ‫ؤصدز‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬ ،٪‫جٝدوف‬ ٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬
‫جٝٚفجءذ‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬.‫جٝلدد‬ ‫جِٝٴٙر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫ؤٜؿز‬ ٨‫ؤؾف‬ ‫ظ٦ر‬ ١٠٧‫جٝٚدفجءذ‬ ‫آٝ٬دحز‬ ١٬‫دد‬ ‫جٝ٠ػس٠ٞر‬ ‫٬ر‬
٪‫جٝدوف‬ ٣‫٧جٳ٢سدح‬.
-‫ق٧٬ؿ‬ ٟ٬٥‫ادفج‬ ‫جٝل٬ؿ‬ ٫٢‫ؤ٠ح‬ ‫ؿفجلر‬(9229:)‫دِدى‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ٩‫ُٞد‬ ‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ‫ؤصف‬ ٕ‫سِف‬ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫٥ؿٖز‬
‫جٳدسؿجث٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠فػٞر‬ ‫سٴ٠٬ـ‬ ١٠ ٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬ ‫جيًفجدحز‬ ٪٧‫ٝـ‬ ‫جٝػلحد٬ر‬ ‫جٝٚفجث٬ر‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠٦ح‬.ٕ‫جٜٝن‬ ً‫ح‬‫ؤ٬ي‬ ‫٥ؿٖز‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬
ٌ٢ ١٠ ‫ٜل‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٘٧‫جٝٗف‬ ١ُ‫ِٝٞ٬٢ر‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠ٚؿ‬ ‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ٟ‫ح‬:‫جٝٗسفذ‬ ٟ‫٢ٌح‬(‫٧٠سٔ٬فذ‬ ‫صحدز‬)٪‫جٝ٠حؿ‬ ٟ‫٧جٝ٢ٌح‬(‫صحدسر‬
‫٧٠سٔ٬فذ‬)‫ؤؿجء‬ ١٬‫سػل‬ ٫ٖ ‫ِٖحٝ٬ر‬ ‫ؤٜصف‬ ‫٧ؤ٬٦٠ح‬ ،٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬ ‫جيًفجخ‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ١٠ َ‫جٝفجد‬ ٕ‫جٝو‬ ‫سٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ٩ُٞ
‫ٙ٧ج٠٦ح‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫٧ًدٚز‬ ،‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫٥ئٳء‬079‫جِٝ٬٢در‬ ٟ٬‫سٚل‬ ٟ‫س‬ ،‫٧سٞ٠٬ـذ‬ ً‫ج‬‫سٞ٠٬ـ‬‫ؤفدِدر‬ ٩‫اٝد‬
‫٧ؾحور‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ٩ُٞ ً‫ح‬٬‫٧ا٬ظحد‬ ً‫ٳ‬‫ِٖح‬ ً‫ج‬‫سإص٬ف‬ ‫٬ئصف‬ ‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ١ُ ‫جٝ٢سحثط‬ ‫٧ؤلٗفز‬ ،‫ٖفُ٬ر‬ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُحز‬
‫جٝس‬‫جٝصحدسر‬ ‫٧جٝٗسفذ‬ ،‫جٝصحدسر‬ ‫جٝ٢لدر‬ ٟ‫د٢ٌح‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠ٚؿ‬ ‫ِق٬ق‬.‫٧جٝ٠ٚؿ٠در‬ ٪‫ُدحؿ‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ‫جٝ٠ٚؿ٠ر‬ ‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ‫سإص٬ف‬ ١‫٧ؤ‬
‫ؤؿج‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝسإص٬ف‬ ٫ٖ ١٬٬٧‫٠سلح‬ ‫٬ٜ٧٢ح‬ ‫٬ٜحؿج‬ ٫ٌٗٝ ‫دنٜل‬‫٧جٝػلحد٬ر‬ ‫جٝٚفجث٬ر‬ ٟ‫ٝٞ٠٦ح‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ء‬.
-‫جٝلًػ٬ر‬ ‫ػح٠ؿ‬ ٟ‫جدسلح‬ ‫ؿفجلر‬(0997: )٫ٜ٧ٞ‫جٝلد‬ ‫جِٝدٴض‬ ١‫٠د‬ ‫ٜل‬ ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫٧٥ؿٖز‬
‫دحٝ٠ٴػٌر‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫٧جٝس‬ ٫ٖ‫جٝ٠ِف‬(‫جٝ٢٠ـظر‬)‫ٜ٠دح‬ ،٣‫جٳ٢سددح‬ ٫‫٠يًفد‬ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ ‫ؾوحثه‬ ‫دِى‬ ‫سِؿ٬ل‬ ٫ٖ
‫٥ئٳء‬ ‫ٝ٠لحُؿذ‬ ‫ظؿ٬ؿذ‬ ‫ُٴظ٬ر‬ ‫٧لحثل‬ ‫س٧ٖ٬ف‬ ‫٥ؿٖز‬‫٧جٝ٠٢دقل‬ ‫جٝ٠ؿفلر‬ ٫ٖ ٕ٬ٜ‫جٝس‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٯًٗحل‬.‫٧ٙدؿ‬
‫ٙ٧ج٠٦ح‬ ‫ُ٬٢ر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫ؤظف٬ز‬05َ‫جٝفجدد‬ ٕ‫جٝود‬ ‫سٴ٠٬دـ‬ ١‫٠د‬ ٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬ ٫ٖ ‫جيًفجخ‬ ٟ٦٬‫ٝؿ‬ ً‫ٴ‬ًٗ
‫د٢دؿف‬ ‫٧جؾسددحف‬ ،‫جٯنٜحل‬ ‫٠يح٥حذ‬ ‫٧جؾسدحف‬ ،‫جٯًٗحل‬ ‫ٝـٜحء‬ ‫٧ٜلٞف‬ ‫جؾسدحف‬ ٟ‫٧جلسؾؿج‬ ٫‫جٳدسؿجث‬ ‫٧جٝؾح٠ك‬
‫سقج٧ض‬ ‫٧جؾسدحف‬ ،٫ٜ‫جٝػف‬ ٪‫جٝدوف‬ ‫ظنًحٝز‬‫جٝنًخ‬ ‫٧جؾسدحف‬ ،‫جٝ٠إٝ٧ٖر‬ ‫جٯنٜحل‬.
ٟ٬‫جٝسِٞد‬ ‫٧دف٢دح٠ط‬ ٫‫جٝ٠ِفٖد‬ ٫ٜ٧ٞ‫جٝلد‬ ‫جِٝٴض‬ ١٠ ‫ٜٝل‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬ ‫ؿجل‬ ‫ؤصف‬ ‫٧ظ٧ؿ‬ ١ُ ‫جٝ٢سحثط‬ ‫٧ؤلٗفز‬
‫جٯًٗحل‬ ‫ؾوحثه‬ ‫دِى‬ ‫سِؿ٬ل‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝ٠٢٠ـظر‬ ‫دحٝ٠ٴػٌر‬‫ؿجٝدر‬ ٘٧‫ٖف‬ ‫٧ظؿز‬ ٤٢‫ؤ‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬ ،٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬ ٫‫٠يًفد‬
‫جِٝفد٬ر‬ ‫جٝٞٔر‬ ‫٠حؿذ‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ ‫سػو٬ل‬ ١٬‫د‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫اػوحث‬.

15. 05
-١٬‫٧ظحف‬ ،‫قج٧٬قج‬ ‫ؿفجلر‬(093:)‫جٝػدل‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ‫ِٖحٝ٬ر‬ ٨‫٠ؿ‬ ٩ُٞ ٕ‫جٝسِف‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫٧٥ؿٖز‬
٫ً٬ً‫سؾ‬ ٟ‫فل‬ َ٠ ٫ٌٗٞٝ‫ج‬ ‫جٝنفع‬ ‫٧السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ،‫جٝف٬حي٬ر‬ ‫ٝٞ٠لحثل‬ ٫ٌٗٞٝ‫ج‬ ‫جٝنفع‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝس٧ي٬غ‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠
‫جٝ٠نحد٦ر‬ ‫جٝ٠نٜٴز‬ ‫ػل‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝسٜٗ٬ف‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝسؿف٬خ‬ ٧ ‫ٝٞ٠لإٝر‬.‫جٝ٢سحثط‬ ‫د٬٢ز‬ ‫٧ٙؿ‬‫السفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ‫ِٖحٝ٬ر‬
‫جٝ٠ندٜٴز‬ ‫ػدل‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝسٜٗ٬ف‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٧جٝسؿف٬خ‬ ‫ٝٞ٠لإٝر‬ ٫ً٬ً‫سؾ‬ ٟ‫فل‬ َ٠ ٫٦ٗ‫جٝن‬ ‫جٝنفع‬.١‫٧ٜدح‬
ٟ٦٦‫س٧جظ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠نٜٴز‬ ‫ػل‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ‫ِٖحٝ٬ر‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠لسؾؿ‬ ٫٦ٗ‫جٝن‬ ‫ٝٞدف٢ح٠ط‬.
-١٧‫٧آؾف‬ ‫ٖح٧ٝف‬ ١‫ل٧قج‬ ‫ؿفجلر‬(0990:)ٕ‫جٝسِف‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝؿفجلر‬ ‫٧٥ؿٖز‬ٟ٦‫٧ُحثٴس‬ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ ‫سإص٬ف‬ ٩ُٞ
،‫جٯًٗحل‬ ‫ف٬حى‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ‫دؾؿ٠حز‬ ٟ٥‫س٠ؿ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠ؿفلر‬ ‫ٙدل‬ ‫٠ح‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫س‬ ١٠ ‫جٳ٢سٚحل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫دحٝسػ٧٬ل‬
‫٥دـج‬ ١‫٧ؤ‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝدس‬ ٫‫ٖد‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ١٠ ١٧٢‫٬ِح‬ ٟ٦٢‫ؤ‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٦‫٧سنؾ٬و‬ ٟ٦٬ُٞ ٕ‫جٝسِف‬ ٟ‫س‬ ‫جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫٧٥ئٳء‬
‫ػ٬حذ‬ ٫ٖ ‫ػفظر‬ ‫ٖسفذ‬ ٫ٖ ً‫ٴ‬٬ٞ‫ظ‬ ً‫ح‬‫ػؿص‬ ‫٬ِؿ‬ ‫جٝسػ٧٬ل‬،‫جٝ٠ؾسٞٗر‬ ٧٠٢ٝ‫ج‬ ‫دفج٠ط‬ ٫ٖ ‫جًٝٗل‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ‫ػ٬ش‬ ،‫جًٝٗل‬
‫٧سٚحف٬ف‬ ‫٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ‫٬سًٞخ‬ ‫٧٥ـج‬ ،‫٧دفج٠ظ٦ح‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ‫ؾؿ٠حز‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫دػحظر‬ ‫جًٝٗل‬ ١‫ٜح‬ ‫اـج‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫٧سٚؿ٬ف‬
‫ل٧جء‬ ‫ػؿ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٧ج٭دحء‬ ١٬٬‫جٯؾوحث‬ ١٠.٣‫ؿ٧ف‬ ٍ‫ل‬ٜٖٞ ،‫جٝدفج٠ط‬ ٫ٖ ‫دٗحُٞ٬ر‬ ‫٧جٯًٗحل‬ ‫ج٭دحء‬ ‫٠حفٜر‬ ٫ٔ‫٧٬٢د‬
‫ج‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٫ٖ ٟ‫جٝ٦ح‬‫ٝسػ٧٬ل‬.
ٟ٬‫جٝسِٞد‬ ‫٠ودًٞغ‬ ١‫ددإ‬ ‫جٝدِى‬ ١ٌ٬ ‫٧ٙؿ‬ ،‫٧جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٫‫٠وًٞػ‬ ‫جٝدِى‬ ٩ُٞ ًٞ‫سؾس‬ ‫ٙؿ‬
٢٧٠‫٧٠ي‬ ً‫ح‬٢ِ٠ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٕ‫ُفجؿ‬٬٫‫جٯؿدد‬ ‫جٝسدفجش‬ ٫ٖ ‫٧جٝس٢ٚ٬خ‬ ،‫جٜٝسخ‬ ‫ؤ٠٦حز‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝدػش‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ‬ ٤٢‫ؤ‬ ‫اٳ‬ ، ً‫ح‬
٫٠ِٞٝ‫٧ج‬،٬٘‫ٖف‬ ٛ‫٥٢ح‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫يحل‬ ‫ٜل‬ ‫سإٜؿ‬‫٧جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٫‫٠وًٞػ‬ ‫د٬ز‬.٫‫ٖد‬ ٫‫٬ٞد‬ ‫ٖ٬٠دح‬ ُ‫ض‬‫ِْف‬٢َ‫ل‬ ٧
ٕ‫جٳثسٴ‬ ٟ‫٧ُؿ‬ ٕ‫جٳؾسٴ‬ ١‫٧د٬ح‬ ‫ٜس٧ي٬غ‬ ‫٧جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫٧جٝس‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫٠وًٞػحز‬.
ُ٬ّ‫ف‬ِ٤٢‫دإ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕ١ُ ‫٧٢حسط‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫٢لد‬ ‫صحدز‬ ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ٫ٖ ‫٧سِؿ٬ل‬ ‫سٔ٬٬ف‬‫جٝسؿف٬خ‬" .‫٬سِدفى‬ ‫ػ٬دش‬
٬ ٟ‫ص‬ ١٠٧ ‫٠٦حفجز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ‫جٝ٠س‬٤ٜ٧ٞ‫ل‬ ‫سٔ٬ف‬٧‫٧٥د‬ ، ٤ٝ ‫سِفى‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫دسإص٬ف‬ ‫٬سِؿل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬
ٟ‫ُح‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ً‫ح‬٬‫٢لد‬ ‫صحدز‬.ٛ‫٥٢ح‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ‫٠ح‬ ً‫ح‬‫ٓحٝد‬٧‫ٖ٬ٜد‬ ، ِٟٞ‫ٝٞ٠دس‬ ٟ‫سٚؿ‬ ‫٧جٝ٠٦حفجز‬ ٕ‫جٝ٠ِحف‬ ١٠ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬١
ِٞ‫جٝ٠س‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ‫دـل‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ً‫ج‬‫ظ٦ؿ‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠٦دح‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٕ‫جٝ٠ِحف‬ ٛٞ‫س‬ ِٟٞ‫س‬ ٤ٝ‫ؾٴ‬ ١٠ ‫٬ػح٧ل‬ٟ‫صد‬ ١‫٧٠د‬ ‫فجز‬
٠ ٘ٚ‫٧ٝٞسػ‬ ، ‫جٜسلحد٦ح‬‫ٝ٦ح‬ ٤‫٠ِفٖس‬ ١‫٠ِفٖر‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ‫جٳ٢س٦حء‬ ‫٧ػحٝر‬ ٕٙ٧٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٳدسؿجء‬ ‫ػحٝر‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٘‫ٝٗف‬
، ٤٢٠٫ٖ ٘‫جٝٗف‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ‫قجؿ‬ ‫ٖبـج‬ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ػو٧ل‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ‫ٝ٢ح‬ ١٠‫ي‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬(،١٬‫٧آؾف‬ ٫٠‫ًٙح‬2002.)
١‫٠د‬ ٤٢٥‫ـ‬ ٫ٖ ‫٠ح‬ ‫٢ٚل‬ ٕ‫د٦ؿ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٬٠حفل٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠٢ٌ٠ر‬ ‫جِٝ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٤٢‫دإ‬ ٕ‫٬ِف‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٧٧ظؿ٢ح‬
ٝ‫ج‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٕ‫٧٠ِحف‬ ‫٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬١٬٠ِٞ‫٠س‬(‫جًٝٞدر‬)ٕ‫جٝ٠ِحف‬ ٛٞ‫س‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫دػحظر‬ ٟ٥ ١٬‫جٝـ‬.١‫ؤ‬ ‫٢ظدؿ‬ ٟ٬‫جٝسِٞد‬ ٫ٖ٧

16. 06
ٟ٦٢‫ؤ‬ ٨‫٬ف‬ ٤٢‫ٯ‬ ‫ًٝٞٴخ‬ ‫ا٬وحٝ٦ح‬ ٫ٖ ‫٧٬فٓخ‬ ‫٧جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ٕ‫جٝ٠ِحف‬ ١٠ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ٤٢٥‫ـ‬ ٫ٖ ١‫ؤ‬ ٨‫٬ف‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬
٫‫٥د‬ ‫جٝ٠٠حفلر‬ ٛٞ‫س‬ ‫٢حسط‬ ‫٠٢ٌ٠ر‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٖ٘٧ ً‫ح‬٬‫نؾو‬ ٤ٞ‫ٙد‬ ١٠ ‫٠دحنفذ‬ ٟ٦ٝ ‫ا٬وحٝ٦ح‬ ‫ٖ٬٠حفك‬ ‫اٝ٬٦ح‬ ‫دػحظر‬
ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬١‫٠د‬ ٤ٜٞ‫٬٠س‬ ‫٧٠ح‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٧جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ٕ‫جٝ٠ِحف‬ ٛٞ‫س‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫ػو٧ل‬ ٘ٚ‫سػ‬ ‫ؿفظر‬ ٫ٖ ٟٜ‫٧٬سػ‬ ،
‫جٝ٠ظحل‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ٫ٖ ‫ؾدفجز‬(، ١٬‫٧آؾف‬ ،٫٠‫ًٙح‬2002.)
‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ‫٠ظٞر‬ ٫ٖ٧(1996)‫٥٠ح‬ ١٬‫ُ٢وف‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫دحٱيحٖر‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٧٥ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫ؤنحفز‬:
‫ن‬ ٫ٖ ٟٜ‫٧جٝسػ‬ ٤٠ِٞ‫س‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫سظؿ٬ؿ‬ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ً٧‫ف‬.ً‫ح‬٬‫ـجس‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ١ٜ٠٬٧(٤‫٢ٗل‬ َ٠ ِٟٞ‫٠س‬
)ِٟٞ٠ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠ ٧‫ؤ‬(٤٬‫س٧ظ‬)‫ؾدفذ‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠ ٧‫ؤ‬(‫جٝٗفؿ‬ ٤‫٬ظفد‬ ٕٙ٧٠ً‫ح‬٬ٞ‫ؿجؾ‬ ٤‫د‬ ‫٧٬سإصف‬)١٧‫سٜد‬ ‫٧ٙؿ‬
‫٠ٚو٧ؿذ‬ ‫ٓ٬ف‬ ‫ؾدفذ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠٢ٌ٠ر‬ ‫٠ٚو٧ؿذ‬ ‫ؾدفذ‬.
٤٢‫دإ‬ ٕ‫٧٬ِف‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬"‫جٝ٠س‬ ‫ٳلسظحدر‬ ‫٧جٝد٬ثر‬ ‫جِٝٴٙحز‬ ١٠ ‫سٗحُٞ٬ر‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ِٟٞ(‫جًٝحٝخ‬" )‫ػ٬ش‬
ٟٜ‫جٝػ‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ٫٥٧ ، ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ٘ٚ‫ٝسػ‬ ‫ظقث٬ر‬ ‫ؤ٥٠٬ر‬ ‫جٳلسظحدر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫س٠صل‬‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠ ٫‫جٝ٢٦حث‬ ‫جٝسػٞ٬ل‬ ٫ٖ ‫ُٞ٬٦ح‬
ِٟٞ‫جٝ٠س‬ ِٟٞ‫دس‬ ٕ‫٬ِف‬ ‫٠ح‬ ٧٥٧ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫٢سحثط‬.٫ِٖٟٗٞ‫س‬ ١٠ ٤٢ٜ٠‫س‬ ‫دو٧فذ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝ٠س‬ ‫د٬ثر‬ ‫سنٜ٬ل‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬
ٛ‫جٳنسفج‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠ػؿؿ‬ ٛ٧ٞ‫ل‬ ‫٠٠حفلر‬ً٧‫نف‬ ٖ٘٧ ٤٬ٖ‫٠ػؿؿذ‬ ٕ٧‫ٌٝف‬ ‫ٜحلسظحدر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠ػؿؿذ‬(٫‫٬ِ٢د‬ ‫٧٥ـج‬:
٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠سًٞدحز‬ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬‫جٝ٠٢ن٧ؿ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫٬ػؿش‬ ٫ٜٝ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕٙ٧٠ ٫ٖ ‫س٧جٖف٥ح‬ ٫ٔ‫٬٢د‬. )‫د٠صحددر‬ ‫ٖحٝسؿف٬ك‬
ً‫جٝ٢نح‬ٟ‫٧٬س‬ ، ‫٧ُحؿجز‬ ٟ٬ٙ٧ ‫٧جسظح٥حز‬ ‫٠ِفٖ٬ر‬ ‫ؾدفجز‬ ‫سػو٬ل‬ ٕ‫د٦ؿ‬ ‫٧جٝ٠ؿفك‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٫ٞ‫جٝس٧جو‬
٧ ٕٙ‫جٝ٠٧ج‬ ١٠ ‫لٞلٞر‬ ٘‫ل٬ح‬ ٫ٖ ٛٝ‫ـ‬١٧ٜ٬٧ ، ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫سنسفً٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫٧جٯػؿجش‬ ٕ٧‫جٌٝف‬٨٧‫٠ػس‬
٫ٖ ‫سس٠صل‬ ‫جٯلثٞر‬ ١٠ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ‫٧جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫جٝ٠ؿفك‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫جِٝ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝس٧جول‬:ٕ‫ٜ٬د‬ ‫٬دؿفك‬ ‫٠حـج‬
‫٬ؿفك‬ ٩‫٠س‬ ‫٬ؿفك‬(،١٬‫٧آؾف‬ ٫٠‫ًٙح‬2002.)
‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ‫٠ظٞر‬ ‫٧ؤنحفز‬(1996)٧ ‫جٝ٠٧ظ٦ر‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٧٥ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬٫‫٧جٝسد‬ ‫جٝ٠٢ٌ٠ر‬
ٕ‫د٦دؿ‬ ٫‫جٝسِٞ٬٠د‬ ٕٙ٧٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٧٠ٜ٧٢حز‬ ‫ُ٢حوف‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫سػؿش‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫٧جٝسٗحُٴز‬ ‫جٯ٢نًر‬ ١٠ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ١٠‫سسي‬
ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫اػؿجش‬.٧ ٤‫ٯ٥ؿجٖد‬ ٘‫٧سػٚ٬د‬ ٟ٬‫جٝسِٞد‬ ‫ِٝ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫اظفجء‬ ٧٥ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٣‫ـٜف‬ ٘‫جٝلحد‬ ١٠ ‫٧٢لس٢سط‬
٤‫اظفجءجس‬‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ١٠ ‫ظقء‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫٬٠صل‬ ٧ ‫جٜٝل‬ ٫٥٧ ‫نح٠ٞر‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫ٖحٝس‬ ،ٟ٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬.
Remedial Strategies
‫الزيات‬ ‫يشير‬(9227)ُ ‫شى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ىات‬ ‫وي‬ ‫الا‬ ُ‫ةاالتى‬ ‫مجىا‬ ‫بىا‬ ‫د‬‫ي‬ ُ‫الجيةيى‬ ‫استىاراجيايات‬ ‫ن‬ ‫إلى‬
‫ةظاهر‬ ‫ججالج‬ ‫الاي‬ ‫الااارتات‬ ُ‫الااريسي‬ُ‫البجلم‬.
‫ةى‬ ‫الاىي‬ ‫ىاراجيايات‬‫ى‬‫است‬ ‫الىاجيا‬ ‫اىجلمات‬ ‫و‬ ‫ص‬ ُ‫ى‬‫ى‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ججيىيا‬ ‫يحظى‬‫ن‬ ‫ى‬‫ى‬‫تي‬ ‫جسىاتاها‬ ‫ن‬ ‫جا‬ ‫ىه‬‫ى‬‫ش‬
‫اليىىا‬ ‫يىىر‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ماهااىىا‬ ‫فاىىابي‬ ‫نفاىىر‬ ُ‫اتييىى‬ ‫نفاىىر‬ ‫ةاجياىىي‬ ‫حلا‬ ‫يبىى‬.‫الىىاجيا‬ ‫اتىىاراجيايات‬(Learning

17. 07
Strategies)‫ياجياىىلا‬ ‫فيىىا‬ ُ‫ىى‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ماجيىىيا‬ ‫ججوىى‬.‫الاجىىارات‬ ‫إلىى‬ ‫ىىر‬ ‫ياا‬ ‫الىىاجيا‬ ‫اىىجلمات‬ ‫ص‬ ُ‫ىى‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ال‬
‫الاوظيا‬‫ى‬‫ى‬‫ي‬‫الال‬ ‫ىي‬‫ى‬ ‫ىا‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬‫ى‬‫ة‬ ُ‫ى‬‫ى‬‫ةرجاج‬ ‫ىاليات‬‫ى‬‫ماس‬ ‫ىجر‬‫ى‬‫يش‬ ُ‫ىا‬‫ى‬‫نهاج‬ ‫ى‬‫ى‬‫ة‬ ُ‫ى‬‫ى‬‫ةمايا‬ ‫اف‬ ‫ى‬‫ى‬‫ت‬ ُ‫ى‬‫ى‬‫الاجياي‬ ‫ىا‬‫ى‬‫اق‬:
‫اىجلمات‬ ‫ىاعو‬‫ى‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اس‬ ‫فىجا‬ ‫الاىرفرو‬ ‫يت‬ ‫ةشى‬‫ىا‬ ‫إج‬‫ىاجيو‬‫ى‬‫الس‬ ‫بىرو‬ ‫ال‬ ‫كرال‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اىجلمات‬ ‫ىاتو‬‫ى‬‫الاجييا‬
‫الاافىي‬ ‫ىي‬ ‫ىرري‬ ‫الاا‬ ‫الاشىا‬ ‫ىرات‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫مس‬ ‫خااق‬ ‫ا‬ ‫جلقع‬.‫ججيىيا‬ ‫إلى‬ ُ‫ةاتى‬ ُ‫اةى‬ ُ‫اى‬ ‫صلىثو‬ ‫فىلب‬ ‫ىي‬
‫الا‬ ‫سفاسىاف‬ ُ‫ةوظا‬ ُ‫جال‬ ‫ةجارات‬ ُ ‫ي‬ ‫ال‬ ‫هؤسب‬‫جا‬ ‫اتىااتا‬ ‫جمزيوجىاو‬ ‫جيلةىاتو‬‫الالاقىا‬ ‫ىي‬ ‫جىا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ج‬ ‫و‬
ُ‫الامايا‬(‫الحاياوو‬9226.)
١٬‫٬سِد‬ ٫‫جٝسد‬ ‫جٝ٠دحؿة‬ ١٠ ‫ُؿؿ‬ ٩ُٞ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ٝـ‬ ٫‫جِٝٴظ‬ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫جلسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ٟ٧ٚ‫س‬
‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬حز‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ‫اُ٠حٝ٦ح‬.‫جٝ٠د‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ١٠٧٫ٞ٬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫جِٝح٠ر‬ ‫حؿة‬:
0.٧‫ؤ‬ ‫دودف٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ٌٝٗ٬در‬ ‫فجظِر‬ ‫سٔـ٬ر‬ ٛ٬ًِ٬ ‫ٳ‬ ٤٢‫ؤ‬ ‫ٝ٠ظفؿ‬ ٛ٬ٝ‫ا‬ ‫٬٢وز‬ ‫ٳ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٢ٗسفى‬ ‫ٳ‬
٤٢٠ ٤ِٙ٧‫سس‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫دحٝٚؿف‬ ِٛ٠ ‫٬سٗحُل‬ ‫ٳ‬ ٤٢‫ٯ‬.
9.‫ٝ٬ل٧ج‬ ٟ٦ٖ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫ٝٞسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ن٫ء‬ ‫ٜل‬ ‫سٗلف‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫سنفع‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٛ٬ُٞ ١٬ِ‫٬س‬ ٤٢‫ؤ‬ ‫سٗسفى‬ ‫ٳ‬
ٝ‫ج‬ ٫ٖ ‫٠نٜٴز‬ ٟ٦٬‫ٝؿ‬ ‫دحٝيف٧فذ‬ٟ‫جِٝح‬ ٟ٦ٗ.
3.‫جًٝد٬ِدر‬ ٟ٦ٗٝ ‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧در‬ ‫جٝ٠لحُؿجز‬ ٩ُٞ ‫ٝٞػو٧ل‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ٫ٖ ً‫ح‬‫٠سؾوو‬ ً‫ج‬‫ؾد٬ف‬ ‫جلسنف‬
ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ١٠ ‫ًحٝخ‬ ‫ٜٝل‬ ‫جٝ٠سِٞٚر‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ٝوِ٧دحز‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫جٝ٢٧ُ٬ر‬.
7.٨‫ؤؾف‬ ٤٬‫جؾسدحف‬ ‫ؿفظر‬ ٪‫ؤ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،٤‫ـٜحث‬ ‫٢لدر‬ ٩ُٞ ً‫ح‬٬ٜٞ ‫دحٳُس٠حؿ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ٙؿفجز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ا٠ٜح٢حز‬ ٟ٧ٚ‫س‬ ‫ٳ‬
‫ؤػحؿ‬‫٧جٳظس٠حُ٬در‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حف٬در‬ ٧ ‫جٝ٠ِفٖ٬ر‬ ‫جِٝٚٞ٬ر‬ ‫جٝظ٧ج٢خ‬ ‫ٜحٖر‬ ٟ٬٧ٚ‫جٝس‬ ‫٬ن٠ل‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ١٬ِ‫٬س‬ ‫٧ا٢٠ح‬ ،‫٬ر‬
٤ٝ ‫٧جٳ٢ِٗحٝ٬ر‬.
5.،‫جٝدـٜحء‬ ‫سٚ٬ك‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠ٚح٬٬ك‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٳؾسدحفجز‬ ‫ؤػؿ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٠٧صٚر‬ ‫ٝٞـٜحء‬ ‫٢لدر‬ ‫ًٝٞحٝخ‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ١ٜ٠٬
َٗ‫جٝ٠فس‬ ٨‫جٝ٠ؿ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ً‫جٝ٠س٧ل‬ ٨‫جٝ٠ؿ‬ ١٠ ‫سول‬ ‫ٙؿ‬ ‫جٝؿفظر‬ ٣‫٧٥ـ‬(ِٞٚٝ‫ج‬ ٘٧ٗ‫جٝس‬٫)َ‫ظ٠٬د‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫ٜ٠ح‬ ،
،ً‫ح‬٠‫س٠ح‬ ‫لٞ٬٠ر‬ ١٧ٜ‫س‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حف٬ر‬ ٧ ‫جٝػفٜ٬ر‬ ٤‫ؤ٢ٌ٠س‬ ٧ ‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ػ٧جك‬‫ودِ٧در‬ ٤٬‫ٝؿ‬ ١٧ٜ٬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ َ٠٧
ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ١٠ ‫ٜد٬فذ‬ ‫٢لدر‬ ‫سٌل‬ ‫جٝسِٟٞ،ػ٬ش‬ ٫ٖ‫سنؾ٬ه‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٕ‫سِف‬ ١٧‫دؿ‬ ‫سٴ٠٬ـ٢ح‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬.
6.‫جٯلحٝ٬خ‬ ٟ٥‫ؤ‬ ،ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ٝـ‬ ‫جٝ٠٠٬قذ‬ ‫جٝلٞ٧ٜ٬ر‬ ‫ٝٞؾوحثه‬ ١٬‫جٝ٠ؿفل‬ ‫فوؿ‬ ‫٬٠صل‬‫جِٝٗحٝر‬
ٟ٦٢ُ ٕ‫٧جٜٝن‬ ٟ٦٬ُٞ ٕ‫ٝٞسِف‬.
7.،‫ؤٖدفجؿ‬ ‫سند٠ل‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٢٠حـض‬ ١٠ ‫جِٝؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠ ً‫ح‬٬ٖ‫٠ِف‬ ٤‫٥٬ث‬ ٧ ‫جٝوِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ٣‫ج٢سدح‬ ‫جظـخ‬
‫٠صدل‬ ٟ٦٬‫ٝؿ‬ ١٬‫جٝـ‬ ،‫٠٦٢٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫جظس٠حُ٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫ُلٜف٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫ل٬حل٬ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫ُٞ٠٬ر‬ ‫ف٬حؿجز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ،‫٧ٙ٬حؿجز‬
٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝوِ٧دحز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝوِ٧در‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬١٠ ١٬‫جٜٝص٬ف‬ ١‫٧ؤ‬ ،٤٬‫ٝؿ‬‫دـل‬ ٩ُٞ ً‫ج‬‫جُس٠حؿ‬ ٟ٦ٙ٧ٗ‫س‬ ‫ػٚٚ٧ج‬ ‫٥ئٳء‬
ٝ ‫٬ٚؿ٠٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝٴق٠ر‬ ‫جٝ٠لحُؿذ‬ ‫٧ًٞخ‬ ،‫جٝظ٦ؿ‬‫جٝػحظر‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ‬ ١٧‫ج٭ؾف‬ ٟ٦(،‫جٝق٬حز‬9227.)

18. 08
،‫جِٝفد٬در‬ ‫جٝٞٔدر‬ ٩‫اٝد‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠سفظ‬ ٫‫جٯظ٢د‬ ‫جٝسفجش‬ ‫٧دِى‬ ٫‫جِٝفد‬ ‫جٝسفجش‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝدػش‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠٧
‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ ١ٜ٠٬ ‫ُٴظ٬ر‬ ‫جلسفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ٫ٞ٬ ‫ٖ٬٠ح‬ ‫ل٢سِفى‬ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ِٟٞ٠٧ ،ٟ‫ُح‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ‫جٝؾحور‬
ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫وِ٧دحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫٧جٝسٴ٠٬ـ‬ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ ‫ُٴض‬ ٫ٖ ‫د٦ح‬ ‫جٯؾـ‬:
1.‫االشخلظبء‬ ‫أشوّة‬
‫جٝؾً٬خ‬ ‫ؤنحف‬(2009)١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬‫جٳلسٚوحء‬‫٬ِؿ‬٤‫ؤلحلد‬ ‫٧جػؿ‬ ١‫آ‬ ٫ٖ ٫٠٧ٚ‫٧س‬ ‫سؿف٬ك‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬
‫٧٬٠صل‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٕ‫دبنفج‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝ٠س‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ‫جٝسٜٗ٬ف‬ ‫٧جلسصحفذ‬ ٫‫جٝـجس‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ٛ‫٧٥٢دح‬ ٤‫جٝ٠٧ظ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫ظ٧ج٢خ‬ ١٠ ‫ظح٢دح‬
٫ٖ ‫سِؿؿج‬ ٛ‫٥٢ح‬ ١‫٧ؤ‬ ‫ؾحور‬ ‫وِدح‬ ‫ؤ٠فج‬ ‫٬ِسدف‬ ‫ٝٴلسٚوحء‬ ‫٧جػؿ‬ ٩٢ِ٠ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ١‫ٖب‬ ‫٧ٝـج‬ ٤‫سل٠٬س‬ ٫ٖ ٕ‫جؾسٴ‬
‫جٝدِى‬ ٤ٗ‫٧٬و‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ٝٞسؿف٬ك‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ‫جٝدِى‬ ٣‫٬ِسدف‬ ‫ػ٬ش‬ ٤ٗ٬‫سِف‬ ٫ٖ ٟ‫سلسؾؿ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠وًٞػحز‬
‫جٝس‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠نٜٞر‬ ‫ػل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٫ٞ٠‫جٝسإ‬ ‫جٝسٜٗ٬ف‬ ٤٢‫ؤ‬٫٢‫جٝ٠ِح‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٛ‫جٝ٠نسف‬ ٟ‫جٝٚحل‬ ١ٜٝ ٕ‫جٳلسٜنح‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٢حٙؿ‬ ‫ٜٗ٬ف‬
‫٧س٧ٌ٬ٗ٦ح‬ ‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ‫ٝسػٞ٬ل‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ٧٥٧ ‫جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ٫ٖ ١٧‫جٝ٠فد‬ ‫٬لسؾؿ٠٦ح‬ ‫٠ػؿؿذ‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ٤٢‫ؤ‬.
‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬:
-‫٠ح‬ ‫٠نٜٞر‬ ‫ػل‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫٧س٧ٌ٬ٗ٦ح‬ ٟ٦‫٠ِٞ٧٠حس‬ ٟ٬ٌ٢‫ٝس‬ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ ‫د٦ح‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٢نحًحز‬ ١٠ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬.
-٠ ٍ٧٢ ٧‫ؤ‬ ً٠٢‫٧س٢ٌ٬٠٦د‬ ‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠دحز‬ ‫ٝس٧ٝ٬دؿ‬ ٤‫٧جسظح٥حس‬ ٤‫٠٦حفجس‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝ٠س‬ ٤٬ٖ ٟ‫٬لسؾؿ‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ١٧ ‫ح‬
‫سٚ٧٬٠٦ح‬.
-٤٠٧٦ٗ٠ ‫ؾدفذ‬ ١٧ٜ٬ٝ ٤٢٬ِ٠ ‫ُٚٞ٬ر‬ ‫دِ٠ٞ٬حز‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝٗفؿ‬ ١٠ ‫٬سًٞخ‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ٩٢ِ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ١ُ ‫جٝدػش‬.
‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫ٖ٧جثؿ‬:
‫٠٢٦ح‬ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ‫٧جٝٚؿفجز‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفجز‬ ١٠ ‫جِٝؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫س٢٠٬ر‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫٬ٗ٬ؿ‬:
1-‫٧جٝس٧و٬حز‬ ‫جٝ٢سحثط‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫٧جٝس٧ول‬ ‫٧٠ِحٝظس٦ح‬ ‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ َ٠‫٧ظ‬ ً٬ً‫جٝسؾ‬.
2-‫جٝ٠نٜٞر‬ ‫ػل‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝ٧و٧ل‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝ٢ٗك‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٧جٳُس٠حؿ‬ ‫جٳلسٚٴٝ٬ر‬.
3-٫٠ِٞٝ‫ج‬ ‫جٝسٜٗ٬ف‬.
4-‫دحٝػ٬حذ‬ ‫جٝ٠ِفٖر‬ ً‫فد‬.
5-‫ج٭ؾف‬ ٪‫٧جٝفؤ‬ ٪‫جٝفؤ‬ ٟ‫٧جػسفج‬ ‫٧جٝ٠٢حٙنر‬ ‫جٝػ٧جف‬.
6-٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ٝػل‬ ‫٠ؾسٞٗر‬ ‫السفجس٬ظ٬حز‬ ‫سً٧ف‬‫نٜٞر‬.

19. 09
7-٫٢٧‫جٝسِح‬ ‫جِٝ٠ل‬.
8-‫جٝسٚحف٬ف‬ ‫٧ٜسحدر‬ ‫٧جٝف٬حي٬ر‬ ‫جٝٞٔ٧٬ر‬ ‫جٝٚؿفذ‬.
9-‫جٳدسٜحف‬ ٧ ٍ‫جٱدؿج‬.
10-‫جٝػؿ٬صر‬ ‫جٝسٚ٢٬ر‬ ‫٧لحثل‬ ٟ‫٧جلسؾؿج‬ ‫جٝ٠ؾسٞٗر‬ ‫جٝ٠ِفٖر‬ ‫٠وحؿف‬ ٕ‫جٜسنح‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ٙؿفذ‬ ‫س٢٠٬ر‬.
11-‫٧جٯ‬ ًَ‫جٝ٠ٚح‬ ٟ‫٧فل‬ ‫٧جٝسو٧٬ف‬ ‫٧جٝسلظ٬ل‬ ‫٧جٝ٠ٴػٌر‬ ‫جٝ٠ٚحدٞر‬ ‫٠٦حفجز‬ ‫س٢٠٬ر‬‫جٝ٠ؾسٞٗر‬ ‫نٜحل‬.
12-َ٠‫٧جٝ٠ظس‬ ‫جٝ٠ؿفلر‬ ١٬‫٧د‬ ‫٧جًٝحٝخ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫جِٝٴٙر‬ ‫س٧ً٬ؿ‬.
13-‫جٝ٠نٜٴز‬ ‫دِى‬ ‫ؤ٥٠٬ر‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝٚفجف‬ ‫ؤوػحخ‬ ٤٬‫س٢د‬.
‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫س٢ٗ٬ـ‬ ‫ؾً٧جز‬
1-ً٬ً‫جٝسؾ‬ ‫٠فػٞر‬:٣‫جؾس٬دحف‬ ‫ؤ٥٠٬در‬ ‫جًٝحٝدخ‬ ٤‫ٖ٬د‬ ‫٧٬ٌ٦ف‬ ٍ٧‫جٝ٠٧ي‬ ‫٧٠ٚؿ٠ر‬ ١‫جِٝ٢٧ج‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ٤٬ٖ ٟ‫٬س‬
‫ؤلثٞر‬ ‫٧٬ػؿؿ‬ ٍ٧‫ٝٞ٠٧ي‬‫جٝؿفجلر‬(‫ؿفجلس٦ح‬ ‫جٝ٠فجؿ‬ ‫جٝ٠سٔ٬فجز‬)‫ٖود٧ل‬ ١٬٧‫ُ٢دح‬ ‫ـجس٦ح‬ ‫دػؿ‬ ‫س٠صل‬ ٫‫٧جٝس‬
‫د٦ح‬ ٟ‫جٝٚ٬ح‬ ‫جٝ٠فجؿ‬ ‫جٱظفجءجز‬ ٕ‫٧٧و‬ ‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ‫٧٠وحؿف‬ ٤‫دػص‬.
2-‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ َ٠‫ظ‬ ‫٠فػٞر‬:‫ٝػدل‬ ‫جٝ٠٢حلدخ‬ ‫جٯلدٞ٧خ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝف٬ٚر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٱلسفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ‫جؾس٬حف‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ‫٧ٖ٬٦ح‬
ٝ‫ج‬ ٘‫٧جًٝف‬ ‫جٝدػش‬ ‫٠ؿجف‬ ‫جٝ٠لإٝر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠نٜٞر‬‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ‫د٦ح‬ َ٠‫ل٬ظ‬ ٫‫س‬.
3-‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ‫٠ِحٝظر‬ ‫٠فػٞر‬:ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬ ‫٠فجُ٬ح‬ ‫جٝسظفدر‬ ‫اظفجء‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠لإٝر‬ ‫ػل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝدػش‬ ‫ٜسحدر‬ ‫ٖ٬٦ح‬ ٟ‫٧٬س‬
‫جؾس٬حف٥ح‬ ٟ‫س‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯلحٝ٬خ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٘‫جًٝف‬.
4-‫٧جٝس٧و٬حز‬ ‫جٝ٢سحثط‬ ‫٠فػٞر‬:‫٧٬ؾدفض‬ ‫اٝ٬٦ح‬ ‫جٝس٧ول‬ ٟ‫س‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٳلس٢سحظحز‬ ‫دسػؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ‫ػ٬ش‬
‫د٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ٟ٬٠‫جٝسِح‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝس٧و٬حز‬ ١٠.
‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫ٝس٢ٗ٬ـ‬ ‫ُح٠ر‬ ‫افنحؿجز‬
-‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫س٢ٗ٬ـ‬ ٫ٖ ‫لحدٚح‬ ‫جٝ٠٧و٧ٖر‬ ‫جٝ٠٢ٌ٠ر‬ ‫جًٝف٬ٚر‬ َ‫جسد‬.
-‫٠٢٦ح‬ ‫جٝ٠٢حلخ‬ ‫ٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫جٝس٧و٬حز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٯلثٞر‬ ‫ػؿؿ‬.
-‫ؿٝ٬ل‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫سفسٜق‬ ‫ٳ‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠٢حلدر‬ ‫ٓ٬ف‬ ‫جٝٗفي٬حز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٯلثٞر‬ ‫ؤفٖى‬.
-‫ظ‬ ‫نٜل‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝ٠ِٞ٧٠حز‬ ٌٟ٢‫فل٧٠حز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ؤنٜحل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠٢ٌ٠ر‬ ٟ‫ٙ٧جث‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ؿج٧ل‬.
-‫جٝؾحور‬ ٛ‫٧آفجث‬ ٫‫جٝنؾو‬ ٛٞ٠ُ ٩ُٞ ‫٬ؿل‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫ؤٌ٦ف‬.
-‫لٞ٬٠ر‬ ‫ٝٔر‬ ‫٠لسؾؿ٠ح‬ ‫جٯؿٝر‬ ١٠ ‫د٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ٛ‫آفجث‬ ُٟ‫جؿ‬.
-‫جٝ٠٢حلدر‬ ‫جٱلسفجس٬ظ٬ر‬ ‫جؾسف‬.
-ٛ‫ُفي‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝسٜفجف‬ ‫٬ظ٢خ‬.

20. 92
١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٱنحفذ‬ ‫٧سظؿف‬‫ج‬ ٟ‫جٝ٢ٌح‬ ٩ُٞ ‫ظؿ٬ؿج‬ ‫٠٧ي٧ُح‬ ‫ٝ٬ك‬ ‫جٳلسٚوحء‬٨‫ٝدؿ‬ ٕ٧ٝ‫٠إ‬ ٧٥٧ ٫٠٬ِٞ‫ٝس‬
‫دِدى‬ ٩‫ُٞد‬ ‫سنس٠ل‬ ٫٦ٖ ‫جٝ٠ٚففذ‬ ‫جٝ٠ؿفل٬ر‬ ‫٧جٜٝسخ‬ ‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫٧ص٬ٚر‬ ‫ٖحِٝٴٙر‬ ١٬٠ِٞ٠ٝ‫٧ج‬ ‫جًٝٴخ‬
ٟ‫ُح‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ‫جٝسفد٬ر‬ ‫٧ٖٞلٗر‬ ‫جٝ٠٢٦حض‬ ٕ‫ٯ٥ؿج‬ ‫جٝ٠ػٚٚر‬ ‫جٳلسٚوحث٬ر‬ ‫جٯ٢نًر‬.
‫٧جٝسظحف٬ر‬ ‫جٱ٢لح٢٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠دحػش‬ ٫ٖٗ ‫آؾف‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫٠دػش‬ ١٠ ‫جٯلٞ٧خ‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ٘٬‫سًد‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ٕٞ‫سؾس‬‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫٬إؾـ‬
٫‫ٖد‬ ‫ؤ٠دح‬ ، ‫ند٦ف‬ ١‫ُد‬ ‫سٚل‬ ‫ٳ‬ ‫٢لد٬ح‬ ‫ً٧٬ٞر‬ ‫ق٠٢٬ر‬ ‫ٖسفذ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫٧٬ػسحض‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٣‫٬ِؿ‬ ‫دػش‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫سٚف٬ف‬ ‫نٜل‬
‫ؤ٠ح‬ ، ‫ؤٜصف‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٧جػؿذ‬ ‫وٗ٬ر‬ ‫ػور‬ ٫ٖ ‫س٢ٗ٬ـ٥ح‬ ٪‫٬ظف‬ ‫جلسٚوحث٬ر‬ ‫ؤ٢نًر‬ ‫نٜل‬ ‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ‫ٖ٬إؾـ‬ ‫جٝف٬حي٬حز‬
‫ٓفٖر‬ ‫ؾحفض‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ُ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫ؤ٢نًر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝ٠ؾسدف‬ ٫ٖ ٣‫س٢ٗ٬ـ‬ ٟ‫ٖ٬س‬ ٟ٧ِٞٝ‫ج‬ ٫ٖ‫ج‬‫٠٬ؿج٢٬در‬ ‫فػدٴز‬ ٫‫ٖد‬ ٕ‫ٝود‬
‫جلسٚوحث٬ر‬.
‫جٳلسٚوحء‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬:‫جٯًٗدحل‬ ٨‫ٝدؿ‬ ‫جٝسلحئل‬ ‫سص٬ف‬ ‫سؿف٬ل٬ر‬ ‫٠لإٝر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫ٙي٬ر‬ ‫ُفى‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ٧٥
‫جٝ٠حؿ٬ر‬ ‫جٝد٬ثر‬ َٙ‫٧ج‬ ١٠ ١٧ٜ‫س‬ ‫دل٬ًر‬ ‫سِٞ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫٠نٜٞر‬ ‫ًفع‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٧ٚ‫س‬ ‫جٝسِٞ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫٧جٝ٠لإٝر‬ ، ١٬٠ِٞ‫جٝ٠س‬.
ٕ‫جٳلسٜنح‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ‫ُٞ٬٦ح‬ ٟ٧ٚ‫س‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯلك‬ ٫٥ ‫٠ح‬‫جٝؾحور‬ ‫جٝػحظحز‬ ٪٧‫ـ‬ ‫جٯًٗحل‬ ٟ٬ِٞ‫س‬ ٫ٖ.
1-‫جًٝٞدر‬ ‫٧ٙؿفجز‬ ‫ا٠ٜح٢٬حز‬ ‫س٢حلخ‬ ‫سِٞ٬٠٬ر‬ ‫٠نٜٞر‬ ‫ُفى‬.
2-ٝ‫ج‬ ٫٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕٙ٧٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٪‫سصف‬ ‫٠حؿ٬ر‬ ‫٧لحثل‬ ‫ا٬ظحؿ‬‫سؿف٬ل‬ ‫٠فجؿ‬٤.
3-‫دػ٬دش‬ ٨‫ؤؾف‬ ‫ؤلثٞر‬ ‫سلسظف‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯلثٞر‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ‫جٝ٠ًف٧ع‬ ٕٙ٧٠ٝ‫ج‬ َ٠ ‫جٝسٗحُل‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ ‫ػش‬
‫جٝسح‬ ‫جٝسٗحُل‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ٪‫٬ئؿ‬ٟ.
4-‫جٝ٠ًف٧ع‬ ٕٙ٧٠ٞٝ ‫٠٢حلدر‬ ‫سٚ٧٬٠٬ر‬ ‫٧لحثل‬ ‫ا٬ظحؿ‬.
5-ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ٫٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ٕٙ٧٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫سًٞخ‬ ‫اـج‬ ١٬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ َ٠ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ ٛ‫انفج‬.
٫‫سؿف٬ل‬ ‫٠صحل‬:‫ؤًُدز‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ‫دفسٚحٳز‬ َ‫ؤفد‬ ‫جٯؤف‬ ٧ ‫دفسٚحٳز‬ ‫صٴش‬ ‫جٯٜدف‬ ‫ؤد٢٬٦ح‬ ‫دبًُحء‬ ٟ‫ؤ‬ ‫ٙح٠ز‬ ٧ٝ
‫دفسٚحٝر‬ ٨‫جٝؤف‬ ‫ؤًُز‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ١٬‫دفسٚحٝس‬ ٨‫جٜٝدف‬ ‫جد٢س٦ح‬‫٧جػؿذ‬ ‫دفسٚحٝر‬ ١٬‫جٳد٢س‬ ١٠ ‫ؤؾـز‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ‫٧جػؿذ‬.
‫جٯلثٞر‬:
1-‫جٝدفسٚحٳز‬ ‫ُؿؿ‬ ٟٜ
2-‫جٯٜدف‬ ‫جٯؼ‬ ‫ؤؾـ‬ ‫دفسٚحٝر‬ ٟٜ
3-‫جٯؤف‬ ‫جٯؼ‬ ‫ؤؾـ‬ ‫دفسٚحٝر‬ ٟٜ
4-١٬‫جٯؾس‬ َ٠ ٫ٚ‫د‬ ‫دفسٚحٝر‬ ٟٜ
5-‫جٯؾ٧ذ‬ ٣‫ؤؾـ‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝدفسٚحل‬ ٍ٧٠‫٠ظ‬ ‫٠ح‬
6-١٬‫جٳد٢س‬ ٤‫ؤؾـس‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝدفسٚحل‬ ٍ٧٠‫٠ظ‬ ‫٠ح‬
‫٠صحل‬:‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جٯلثٞر‬ ‫ًفع‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠ ‫جٝدحء‬ ٕ‫ػف‬ ‫سؿف٬ك‬:
-ٟ٧٬ٝ‫ج‬ ٤٠ِٞ‫ل٢س‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ٕ‫جٝػف‬ ٟ‫جل‬ ‫٠ح‬.

21. 90
-ٕ‫ػف‬ ٌٗٞ٬ ٟٜ٢٠ ١٠(‫خ‬)‫٧جًٝ٧٬ٞر‬ ‫جٝٚو٬فذ‬ ٤‫دػفٜحس‬.
-‫جٝوٗ٬ر‬ ‫جٝٔفٖر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫٠ػس٧٬حز‬ ١٠ ‫جٝدحء‬ ٕ‫ػف‬ ٪٧‫سػ‬ ‫دٜٞ٠ر‬ ٫‫٬إس‬ ٟٜ٢٠ ١٠.
-ٕ‫ػف‬ ً‫٬فد‬ ٟٜ٢٠ ١٠(‫جٝدحء‬)ُ ‫سؿل‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫دحٝو٧فذ‬ٟٜ٠‫ؤ٠ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝو٧ف‬ ‫٠ظ٠٧ُر‬ ١٠ ٤٬ٞ.
-‫٠ظفؿج‬ ‫جٝدحء‬ ٕ‫ػف‬ ‫٬ٜسخ‬ ٟٜ٢٠ ١٠.
-‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ٕ٧‫جٝػف‬ ١٬‫د‬ ١٠ ‫جٝدحء‬ ٕ‫ػف‬ ‫٬٠٬ق‬ ٟٜ٢٠ ١٠(‫ش‬ ، ‫ز‬ ، ‫خ‬. )
-‫ٜٞ٠ر‬ ‫ٜل‬ ٫ٖ ٤ُ٧ٙ٧ ١‫٠ٜح‬ ‫٧٬٢ٜف‬ ‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جٜٝٞ٠حز‬ ١٠ ‫جٝدحء‬ ٕ‫ػف‬ ‫٬لسؾفض‬ ٟٜ٢٠ ١٠(، ‫جٜٝٞ٠در‬ ‫دؿج٬ر‬
‫جٜٝٞ٠ر‬ ‫٢٦ح٬ر‬ ، ‫جٜٝٞ٠ر‬ ً‫٧ل‬. )
‫٧سؿف‬‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ً‫جٝ٢ٚح‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠ ١٧ٜ٬ ٕ‫جٝػف‬ ‫٬ك‬(‫جٱظفجءجز‬: )
‫٠ػؿؿ‬ ٕ‫٥ؿ‬ َ‫٧ي‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ٕ٬‫دس٧و‬ ٟ٧ٚ‫س‬.
ٕ‫ػف‬ ً‫٢فد‬(‫جٝدحء‬)٪‫جٝ٠حؿ‬ ‫جٝنٜل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫دحٝو٧فذ‬ ‫ٖس٠صل‬ ٪‫٠حؿ‬ ‫دنٜل‬.
ٕ‫ػف‬ ً‫٢فد‬(‫جٝدحء‬)٫‫جٜٝسحد‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٬لحُؿ‬ ‫دنٜل‬.
٫ٖ ‫جٝ٠سنحد٦ر‬ ٨‫جٯؾف‬ ٕ٧‫٧جٝػف‬ ‫جٝدحء‬ ٕ‫ػف‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫جٝس٠٬٬ق‬‫ٝ٦دح‬ ‫ندٜٞ٬ر‬ ‫ؤ٠صٞر‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ‫جٝنٜل‬
ٟ٧٦ٗ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٕ‫جٝو‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬ ٫ٖ ‫ُٴٙر‬.
‫٠صل‬ ‫جٌٝٞٗ٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٧لحثل‬ ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬:‫دحٝو٧فذ‬ ٌٗٞٝ‫ج‬ ً‫فد‬ َ٠ ‫وػ٬غ‬ ‫دنٜل‬ ‫ٌٝٗر‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ‫جٝدحء‬ ٕ‫ػف‬ ً٘٢
ٕ‫ٝٞػف‬ ٫ٌٗٞٝ‫٧ج‬ ٪‫جٝو٧ف‬ ٟ٧٦ٗ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫سنٜل‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ٧ ٕ‫جٝػف‬ ٩ُٞ ‫سؿل‬ ٫‫جٝس‬.
‫٠ؾسٞٗر‬ ‫٠ٗفؿجز‬ ١٠‫ي‬ ٕ‫جٝػف‬ ‫ؤنٜحل‬ ١‫٧سد٬ح‬ ٕ‫جٝػف‬ ‫سٜفجف‬.
2.‫األدّار‬ ‫هؼة‬ ‫ّأشوّة‬ ‫اهٌيذسج‬:
‫ؤ‬ ‫٬ن٬ف‬‫د‬١‫٢٬ح‬ ٧(2001)‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬‫جٝ٢٠ـظر‬ً‫ح‬٠‫٠لدسؾؿ‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫دإؿجء‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫٬سًٞخ‬
‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ١٠ ٨‫٠فؤ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫سؿف٬ل٦ح‬ ‫جٝ٠فجؿ‬ ‫جٱلسفجس٬ظ٬ر‬.‫جٝؾً٬خ‬ ‫٧ؤنحف‬(2009)‫جٝ٢٠ـظر‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ٖ٘٧ ٟ‫سس‬
‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جٱظفجءجز‬:
-٩ُٞ ‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ‫ُفى‬‫جٝلد٧فذ‬.
-‫ًٝٞحٝخ‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ‫دنفع‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ‫ٙ٬ح‬.
-‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ‫دؾً٧جز‬ ‫٠سػؿصح‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ‫ؤ٠ح‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ٘٬‫دسًد‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.
-ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ‫ؤ٠ح‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ‫دؾً٧جز‬ ‫٠سػؿصح‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ٘٬‫دسًد‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.
-ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ١٠ ‫٠لحُؿذ‬ َ٠ ٛٝ‫٧ـ‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفذ‬ ٩ُٞ ٨‫ؤؾف‬ ‫دسًد٬ٚحز‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.
‫٠صحل‬:‫جٝؿفك‬:‫جٝٗسغ‬ ١٬٧٢‫س‬ ٩ُٞ ٪٧‫سػس‬ ‫ٜٞ٠حز‬ ‫ٙفجءذ‬.

22. 99
*‫جٝلد٧فذ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝٗسغ‬ ١٬٧٢‫س‬ ٩ُٞ ٪٧‫سػس‬ ‫ٜٞ٠حز‬ ‫ُفى‬(‫ؤلؿج‬‫٠لظؿج‬ ، ‫دػفج‬ ، ‫ٙٞ٠ح‬ ، ‫دحدح‬ ،. )*ٟ٧ٚ٬
٘‫جٝٗف‬ ‫ا٬يحع‬ ٧ ‫جٝٗسغ‬ ١٬٧٢‫جٝس‬ ‫و٧ز‬ ‫ا٬يحع‬ ٧ ‫جٝٗسغ‬ ١٬٧٢‫س‬ ‫ٙفجءذ‬ ‫ٜ٬ٗ٬ر‬ ‫دب٬يحع‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬١٬٧٢‫س‬ ١٬‫د‬
١٧٢ٝ‫٧ج‬ ‫جٝٗسغ‬.
*‫د‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬‫٧جيدغ‬ ٧ َ‫٠فسٗد‬ ‫دود٧ز‬ ‫جًٝدٴخ‬ ٟ‫ؤ٠دح‬ ١٬٧٢‫س‬ ٩ُٞ ٪٧‫سػس‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٜٝٞ٠حز‬ ‫ٚفجءذ‬
‫جٝٗسغ‬ ١٬٧٢‫س‬ ‫و٧ز‬ ‫ًٝٞحٝخ‬ ‫٧جٝس٧ي٬غ‬(١‫ؤ‬. )
*‫جٝٗسغ‬ ١٬٧٢‫س‬ ‫و٧ز‬ ‫س٧ي٬غ‬ ٤٢٠ ‫٧٬ًٞخ‬ ‫جٜٝٞ٠حز‬ ‫٢ٗك‬ ‫دٚفجءذ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.‫ٙفجءذ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ١٠ ‫٬ًٞخ‬
ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ١٠ ‫٠لحُؿذ‬ َ٠ ٛٝ‫٧ـ‬ ‫جٝٗسغ‬ ١٬٧٢‫س‬ ٩ُٞ ٪٧‫سػس‬ ٨‫ؤؾف‬ ‫ٜٞ٠حز‬.
‫األدّار‬ ‫هؼة‬ ‫أشوّة‬:
‫جٝؾً٬خ‬ ‫ؤنحف‬(2007)٤٢‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫جٱظفجءجز‬ ٍ‫اسدح‬ ‫جٯلٞ٧خ‬ ‫د٦ـج‬ ٟ‫٬س‬:
ٟ٧ٚ٬‫ل‬ ٧ ، ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ‫دس٠ص٬ل‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ‫ػ٬ش‬ ، ‫جٯؿ٧جف‬ ‫سدحؿل‬ ٟ‫ل٬س‬ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ١٠ ‫جٳ٢س٦حء‬ ‫ػحٝر‬
‫جٝؿفك‬ ‫دنفع‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬‫٧ل‬ ، ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ‫دس٠ص٬ل‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬.
‫٧جٝس‬ ٣‫جٳ٢سدح‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ١٠ ‫٬ًٞخ‬ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫نفع‬ ٩ُٞ ‫فٜ٬ق‬.
‫جٝؿفك‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝسؿف٬دحز‬ ‫دِى‬ ٣‫٧اًُحء‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ‫ؤ٠ح‬ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ‫دنفع‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.
‫٬ٗ٦٠٦ح‬ ٟٝ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯن٬حء‬ ١ُ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫دلئجل‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.
‫٠لدس٠ِح‬ ، ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ‫دس٠ص٬ل‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫٧ج‬ ، ‫جٝؿفك‬ ‫اًُحء‬ ٧ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ‫دس٠ص٬ل‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬
ِٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ٝنفع‬ ‫٧٠٢سد٦ح‬ٟ.
‫جٝنفع‬ ‫ؤص٢حء‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫د٦ح‬ َٙ٧ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯؾًحء‬ ‫دسوػ٬غ‬ ٛٝ‫ـ‬ ‫دِؿ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.
‫٠صحل‬:‫جٝؿفك‬:‫٧جػؿذ‬ ‫ؾح٢ر‬ ١٠ ‫جٝ٠ٜ٧٢ر‬ ‫ُٰٝؿجؿ‬ ٕ‫جلسٴ‬ ١٧‫دؿ‬ ‫جًٝفع‬.
1-ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٬٠صل‬ ‫ػ٬ش‬ ، ‫جٯؿ٧جف‬ ‫سدحؿل‬ ٟ‫ل٬س‬ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ‫نفع‬ ١٠ ‫جٳ٢س٦حء‬ ‫ػحل‬ ٫ٖ ٤٢‫دإ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ َ٠ ٘‫جٳسٗح‬ ٟ‫٬س‬
٠٬ ‫٧جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬‫دحٝنفع‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ‫صل‬.
2-‫اندحفذ‬ ٧ ، ‫جًٝدفع‬ ‫دبنحفذ‬ ‫٧جٝ٠ٚو٧ؿ‬ ، ‫جًٝفع‬ ١٠ ‫جٝ٠ٚو٧ؿ‬ ‫دنفع‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬) = (‫٧جٝ٢دحسط‬
‫٧جػؿذ‬ ‫ؾح٢ر‬ ١٠ ‫جٝ٠ٜ٧٢ر‬ ‫ٝٲُؿجؿ‬ ٕ‫جلسٴ‬ ١٧‫دؿ‬ ‫جًٝفع‬ ‫٠لحثل‬ ‫ػل‬ ‫٧ًف٬ٚر‬.
3-‫جًٝفع‬ ٩ُٞ ‫ًٝٞحٝخ‬ ‫ؤ٠صٞر‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٫ًِ٬(3-1)٧(9-5)٧(8-5)٣‫٥دـ‬ ‫ػدل‬ ‫اظدفجءجز‬ ١‫٧د٬ح‬
‫جٝ٠لحثل‬.
4-‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٦ٖ ٨‫٠ؿ‬ ١‫ٝد٬ح‬ ‫ؤ٠صٞر‬ ‫اًُحء‬ ٧ ‫ؤلثٞر‬ ‫دًفع‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.
5-‫جٯؾًحء‬ ‫٧سو٧٬خ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫د٦ح‬ َٙ٧ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫دحٯؾًحء‬ ‫ًٝٞحٝخ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫س٧ي٬غ‬.
6-‫ػلدخ‬ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ‫دنفع‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬٧ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ‫دإؾـ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٧ ، ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ؿ٧ف‬ ‫دإؾـ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ٟ‫ص‬
٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫جسدِ٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٱظفجءجز‬‫جٝنفع‬ ‫ؤص٢حء‬ ِٟٞ.
7-‫جٝنفع‬ ‫ؤص٢حء‬ ‫٠دحنفذ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫د٦ح‬ َٙ٧ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٯؾًحء‬ ‫دسوػ٬غ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬.

23. 93
3.‫اهيِيبح‬ ‫خضوٖل‬ ‫أشوّة‬
‫جٝؾً٬خ‬ ‫ؤنحف‬(2009)١‫ؤ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬‫جٝ٠٦٠حز‬Tasks:‫سؿف٬لد٬ر‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ٫‫سؿف٬ل‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ٧٥
‫جفس‬ ً‫٬فسد‬ ٧٥٧ ‫٠٢٦ح‬ ١٧ٜ‫سس‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫ؤظقجء٥ح‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫سػٞ٬ل‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٧ٚ‫س‬١٬‫دد‬ ٫ٜ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫دحٝسِحٙؿ‬ ‫٧ص٬ٚح‬ ‫دحًح‬
‫جًٝٗل‬/ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫٧٠ِؿل‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬/ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬.‫ا٢٠دح‬ ٧ ، ٟ‫جٱفٓح‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫دحٝٚ٧ذ‬ ٘ٚ‫٬سػ‬ ‫ٳ‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ٧٥٧
٫ٜ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫جٝسِحٙؿ‬ ‫اظفجء‬ ١٠.
٫ٜ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫جٝسِحٙؿ‬:٪‫جٝدـ‬ ‫جٝسِق٬دق‬ ٧ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ل٬ئؿ٬٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫جِٝٴٙر‬ ‫س٧يغ‬ ‫٠ٜس٧در‬ ‫جسٗحٙ٬ر‬ ٧٥
‫ل٬ػول‬‫٠دصٴ‬ ٪٧‫جٝسفد‬ ‫جٝػٚل‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝ٠ظحل‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ٫ٖ ‫٧٧جلِر‬ ‫٠س٢٧ُر‬ ‫جٝ٠ػؿؿذ‬ ٟ‫جٝ٠٦ح‬ ١‫٧ا‬ ٛٝ‫ٜـ‬ ‫٢س٬ظر‬ ٤٬ُٞ
٧ ‫جِٝٚٞ٬ر‬ ‫جٱُحٙحز‬ َ٠ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫٧وِ٧دحز‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫دًء‬...‫ا‬١٬٬‫جِٝحؿ‬ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ َ٠٧ ‫ٝؽ‬(،٪‫ػ٠دؿ‬،٧‫ؿج‬2008
.)
ً‫ٴ‬‫ٖ٠ص‬ ‫جِٝحؿ٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٬٧٠٬ر‬ ‫ػ٬حس٢ح‬ ٫ٖ ٟ‫سلسؾؿ‬ ‫جٝٗ٢٬حز‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٛ‫ن‬ ‫٧ٳ‬‫ج‬ ‫ًٝٞٗل‬ ‫٢ٚ٧ل‬‫جٝودٗػر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ‫ٙفؤ‬
٩ُٞ ‫ؤػول‬ ٟ‫ص‬ ‫ٜٞ٠حز‬ َ‫ؤفد‬ ٩ُٞ ٛ‫ؤؾًحئ‬ ‫سق٬ؿ‬ ‫ٳ‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جٝؿفك‬ ١٠(١٬٧ٞ‫س‬ ٟ‫ؤٙٴ‬)‫ِٖٞز‬ ‫اـج‬ ٧‫ؤ‬
‫جٝ٠ِٞخ‬ ٩ٝ‫ا‬ ‫لسؾفض‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ٛٞ‫س‬.
١٬‫جٝ٧ٝدؿ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝحٝدخ‬ ٧ ٟ‫جٝ٠ِٞد‬ ١٬ٖ‫جًٝف‬ ١٬‫د‬ ٘‫جسٗح‬ ٧٥ ‫جٝ٠٦٠حز‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ‫ؤلٞ٧خ‬ ٟ‫جلسؾؿج‬ ٫ٖ ٟ٦٠ٝ‫ج‬
‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝظقث٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫ج٢ظحق‬ ‫دِؿ‬ ‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ٟ‫٧جلسؾؿج‬‫جٝ٠ٜس٧در‬ ‫جٳسٗحٙ٬ر‬ ‫ػلخ‬ ‫جٜٝح٠ٞر‬ ٧.
‫جٯلٞ٧خ‬ ‫٥ـج‬ ‫٬سي٠٢٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جِٝ٢حوف‬:
1.٦٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٪‫ل٬ئؿ‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ٧٥ ١٠‫جٝ٠سؿفخ‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٧٥ ‫٥ل‬ ‫٠ر‬....‫ا‬٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝوِ٧در‬ ٫٥ ‫٧٠ح‬ ‫ٝؽ‬٬٫‫جٝسد‬ ‫ر‬
‫٧٠٧ي٧ُ٬ر‬ ‫دؿٙر‬ ‫٧ٙ٬حل٦ح‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ٥ح‬ ٟ‫٬س‬ ٫‫٧جٝس‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٨‫ٝؿ‬ ٣‫سٔ٬٬ف‬ ‫جٝ٠فجؿ‬ ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫٠٢٦ح‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٫٢‫٬ِح‬
.2.‫دإؿجث٦ح‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ٕ٧‫ل‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ٤ِٞٗ٬‫ل‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫٠ح‬
3.‫سإؿ٬س٦ح‬ ‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ٩ُٞ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝق٠٢٬ر‬ ‫جٝٗسفذ‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ‫٬ظخ‬ ‫٥٢ح‬ ١٠٧ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫دسإؿ٬ر‬ ‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬‫ل‬ ٩‫٠س‬.
4.‫دؿٙر‬ ‫جٝٗفؿ‬ ‫ل٬ِٗل‬ ‫٠حـج‬ ٪‫ؤ‬ ‫جٯؿجء‬ ‫ٙد٧ل‬ ً٧‫نف‬ ٫٥ ‫٠ح‬
‫ج‬ ‫ٖ٢٬حز‬ َ٠ ‫٢سِح٠ل‬ ١‫٢ػ‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ١ُ ‫جٝػؿ٬ش‬ ٨‫٧ٝؿ‬‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ‫ُ٢وف‬ ٩ُٞ ‫٧٬نس٠ل‬ ‫ٝسِق٬ق‬–ٟ٧ٚ٬‫لد‬ ٩‫٠سد‬
‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧در‬ ‫دحٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫جًٝحٝخ‬–٫٥ ‫٥ح٠ر‬ ‫ُ٢حوف‬ ٩ُٞ:
‫ؤ‬-‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠ِقق‬ ٟ‫ل٬ٚؿ‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ١٠
‫خ‬-ٟ‫٬ٚؿ‬ ٕ٧‫ل‬ ٪‫جٝـ‬ ‫جٝ٠ِقق‬ ٧٥ ‫٠ح‬(‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ‫ٜ٠٬ر‬ ٪‫ؤ‬.)
‫ز‬-‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ٫ًِ٬‫ل‬ ٩‫٠س‬.
ُ‫٬لح‬ ٫ٝ‫جٝسح‬ ‫جٝ٢٠٧ـض‬ ‫٧٥ـج‬‫جًٝحٝخ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٩ُٞ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ‫ؿ‬:
1ٝ‫ج‬ ‫٥ل‬ٛ٧ٞ‫ل‬/‫٧جيػر‬ ‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧در‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ِٟ٢‫ٳ‬

24. 97
2ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ‫٥ل‬/٘ٚ‫جٝسػ‬ ‫٠٠ٜ٢ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ِٟ٢‫ٳ‬
3‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ َ‫ل٬سحد‬ ١٠ٝ ‫٧ي٧ع‬ ٛ‫٥٢ح‬ ‫٥ل‬ِٟ٢‫ٳ‬
4‫٧٠ػؿؿ‬ ‫٧جيغ‬ ‫ٝٞ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫جٝسٞ٠٬ـ‬ ‫ؤؿجء‬ ٟ٬٬ٚ‫س‬ ٫ٖ ‫جٝ٠ِ٬حف‬ ‫٥ل‬ِٟ٢‫ٳ‬
5‫٧٠ػؿؿ‬ ‫٧جيغ‬ ٤٠٬‫سٚؿ‬ ‫جٝ٠فجؿ‬ ‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ‫٥ل‬ِٟ٢‫ٳ‬
6‫جٝسِق٬ق‬ ‫٬س٢حلخ‬ ‫٥ل‬‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ َ٠ِٟ٢‫ٳ‬
‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬:٧ ‫ٙؿفجز‬ ٖ٘٧ ٫٠٬ِٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫جِٝ٠ل‬ ‫د٦ـج‬ ٟ‫جٝٚ٬ح‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫٧٬ؿفخ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٤‫د‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬ ‫ُ٠ل‬ ٫٥
‫٧٠سفجدًر‬ ‫٠سلٞلٞر‬ ‫اظفجءجز‬.
‫يذبل‬:
َ٠‫جٝظ‬ ‫ًف٬ٚر‬ ‫٢ؿفك‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ‫ؤفؿ٢ح‬ ٧ٝ(1+5)‫جٝسحٝ٬ر‬ ‫دحٝؾً٧جز‬ ٟ٧ٚ٢
‫ؤ٧ٳ‬:ٟ‫دحٯفٙح‬ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬(1-5.)
‫صح٢٬ح‬:‫سؿف٬خ‬ٟ‫جٯفٙح‬ ‫ٜسحدر‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جًٝٴخ‬.
‫صحٝصح‬:ٟٙ‫ٝٞف‬ ‫جٯنٜحل‬ ١٬‫د‬ ‫٬ٗفٙ٧ج‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ُٞ ‫جًٝٴخ‬ ‫سؿف٬خ‬(1،5.)
‫فجدِح‬:َ٠‫جٝظ‬ ‫دبنحفذ‬ ٟ٦ٗ٬‫سِف‬)+(‫جٝؿ٠ط‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ ‫٠حؿ٬ر‬ ‫ؤن٬حء‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٦‫سؿف٬د‬ ٘٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ.
‫ؾح٠لح‬:َ٠‫جٝظ‬ ‫انحفذ‬ ١‫دإ‬ ٟ٦ٗ٬‫سِف‬)+(‫جٝؿ٠ط‬ ٫٢ِ‫س‬.
‫لحؿلح‬:‫انحفذ‬ ٩٢ِ٠‫د‬ ٟ٦ٗ٬‫سِف‬)=(٬‫ًف‬ ١ُ٫ٝ‫جٝسح‬ ‫جٝ٠صحل‬ ‫ُفى‬ ٘:
‫لحدِح‬:٫ٝ‫جٱظ٠ح‬ ‫دحٝ٢حسط‬ ‫جًٝٞدر‬ ٕ٬‫سِف‬.
٫ٞ٬ ‫د٠ح‬ ٟ‫جٝٚ٬ح‬ ‫جًٝف٬ٚر‬ ٣‫د٦ـ‬ ‫٧جٝسؿف٬ك‬ ِٟٞ‫جٝس‬ ‫٠٦٠حز‬ ‫سػٞ٬ل‬ ‫ُ٢ؿ‬ ِٟٞ٠ٞٝ ١ٜ٠٬٧:
1.‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫٠ٜ٧٢حز‬ ٟ٬ٙ‫سف‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫سِؿجؿ‬:‫جٝٗفُ٬در‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠دحز‬ ‫ٜحٖر‬ ‫دػوف‬ ‫جٝؾً٧ذ‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ٫ٖ ِٟٞ٠ٝ‫ج‬ ٟ٧ٚ٬
ٛ٧ٞ‫جٝل‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝفث٬ل٬ر‬ ‫ٝٞ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫جٝ٠ٜ٧٢ر‬.
2.‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ٕ٬‫س٧و‬:‫جٝ٧لدحثل‬ ٧ ، ‫جٝ٠د٧جؿ‬ ٧ ، ٕ٧‫٧جٌٝف‬ ، ٕ‫جٝ٦ؿ‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬ ١٠ ٤ٞ٠‫سن‬ ‫٠ح‬ ‫ؾٴل‬ ١٠
٫ٝ‫جٝسح‬ ‫دحٝسلٞلل‬ ٟ‫سس‬ ١‫ؤ‬ ٩ُٞ ٟ٬٧ٚ‫٧جٝس‬:
‫ؤ‬.‫ػؿ٧ص٦ح‬ ‫ػلخ‬ ‫دِ٢ح٬ر‬ ‫سفس٬د٦ح‬ َ٠ ‫جٝ٠ًٞ٧خ‬ ٛ٧ٞ‫ٝٞل‬ ‫جٝ٠ٜ٧٢ر‬ ‫جٝٗفُ٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠حز‬ َ٬٠‫ظ‬ ‫سِؿجؿ‬.
‫خ‬.‫٠٦٠ر‬ ‫ٜٝل‬ ‫جِٝ٠ٞ٬ر‬ ‫جٝدؿج٬ر‬ ‫انحفجز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠٦٠حز‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬.
‫ض‬.‫جٝ٧ٙز‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬.
‫ؿ‬.‫٧جٜٝ٠٬ر‬ ‫جٝ٢٧ُ٬ر‬ ‫جٱ٢ظحق‬ ‫٠ِح٬٬ف‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬.
٣.‫٠٦٠ر‬ ‫ؤ٬ر‬ ‫ٙدل‬ ‫٬٠سٜٞ٦ح‬ ٫‫جٝس‬ ‫جٝلحدٚر‬ ‫جٝ٠٦حفجز‬ ٧‫ؤ‬ ‫جٝ٠ِفٖر‬ ‫سػؿ٬ؿ‬.
٧.‫جًٝف٬ٚر‬ ٣‫٥ـ‬ ٖ٘٧ ‫جٝ٠٦٠ر‬ ‫سؿف٬ك‬.